苦参素对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠血液流变学的影响及机制探讨

[目的]研究苦参素（OMT）对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠血液流变学指标的影响并探讨其可能的作用机制。[方法]通过线栓法复制局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型,设假手术组、模型组和OMT低[25 mg/（kg·d）]、中[50 mg/（kg·d）]、高[100 mg/（kg·d）]剂量组,每组20只,术后第2天开始腹腔注射给药,疗程7 d。通过盲法神经功能评分评测神经功能损伤,测定脑组织含水量及脑组织梗死体积。通过苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察海马CA1区神经元形态;生化分析脑组织抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量;测定血液流变学指标及红细胞膜流动性指标。[结果]与模型组比较,OMT中、高剂量组神经功能评分显著降低（P<0.01）、神经功能状况明显改善,脑组织含水量显著降低、梗死体积显著减小（P<0.05或P<0.01）;海马CA1区神经元病理性形态结构改变明显改善,抗氧化酶[（超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）]活性显著升高且MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;血液流变学指标（全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变性指数、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞压积、血沉）显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,红细胞膜流动性指标（荧光偏振度、平均微黏度、各向异性）显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。[结论]OMT可能通过改善血液流变学而对脑缺血再灌注损伤起到一定的保护作用。     

木犀草素通过调控HMGB1改善脓毒症小鼠模型的认知功能障碍

[目的] 探究木犀草素通过调控高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）对脓毒症性脑病（SAE）小鼠模型认知功能障碍的影响。[方法] 将小鼠随机分为6组：假手术组,模型组,木犀草素低、中、高剂量组和地塞米松组。通过盲肠结扎和穿刺诱导小鼠脓毒症。旷场实验和Morris水迷宫检测小鼠活动探索及学习认知能力;苏木精-伊红（HE）染色检测脑组织损伤;原位末端标记技术（TUNEL）染色检测神经细胞凋亡;酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平;试剂盒检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH）含量;蛋白免疫印迹（Western Blot）法检测HMGB1蛋白表达水平。[结果] 与模型组比较,木犀草素中、高剂量组和地塞米松组小鼠存活率升高（P<0.05）,总行驶距离和中央区域停留时间增加（P<0.05）,逃避潜伏期时间缩短（P<0.05）,目标象限时间、穿越区域次数提高（P<0.05）,海马区组织病理损伤程度减轻,神经细胞凋亡率降低（P<0.05）,IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平降低（P<0.05）,SOD、GSH含量升高（P<0.05）,MDA含量降低（P<0.05）,HMGB1蛋白水平降低（P<0.05）。加入HMGB1抑制剂甘草酸后能够部分逆转木犀草素对SAE小鼠模型认知障碍、炎症水平、神经细胞凋亡和氧化应激的影响。[结论] 木犀草素可以通过调控HMGB1改善SAE小鼠模型的认知功能障碍。     

鱼腥草挥发油对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制研究

[目的] 观察鱼腥草挥发油对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及探讨其作用机制。[方法] SPF级C57BL/6小鼠120只,雌雄各半,随机分为假手术组、模型组、辛伐他汀阳性对照组,鱼腥草挥发油高、中、低剂量组,每组20只。造模前连续灌胃给药14 d,其中辛伐他汀阳性对照组灌胃给药20 mg/（kg·d）,鱼腥草挥发油低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给药5、10、20 mg/（kg·d）,假手术组、模型组灌胃给予等量生理盐水。末次给药1 h后,除假手术组外,其它各组构建小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤（MCAO）模型,观察各组小鼠行为学、脑梗死面积、脑水含量和脑海马齿状回的变化,检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、总超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量。[结果] 与模型组比较,鱼腥草挥发油低、中、高剂量组明显改善行为学评分和脑海马齿状回神经元的形态学变化,降低脑梗死率、脑水含量和血清TNF-α、IL-8含量（P<0.05）,升高血清SOD活性（P<0.05）,降低MDA含量（P<0.05）,且呈剂量依赖性。辛伐他汀阳性对照组也明显改善上述指标。[结论] 鱼腥草挥发油对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用且呈剂量依赖性,其作用机制可能与减轻炎症和抗过氧化损伤有关。     

鹰嘴豆异黄酮提取物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的 探讨鹰嘴豆异黄酮提取物（CIE）对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法 sc 10% D-半乳糖6周建立衰老小鼠模型,同时ig给予CIE（25、50、100 mg/kg）,对照组和模型组给予等量的生理盐水。用Morris水迷宫试验检测小鼠的学习记忆能力,同时检测小鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力以及丙二醛（MDA）水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组小鼠学习记忆能力降低,脑组织SOD活力下降,MDA水平增加,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。ig给予不同剂量的CIE后,小鼠各检测指标均明显改善,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05、0.01）结论 CIE可改善D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能与CIE具有抗氧化能力有关。     

苦参素对慢性脑缺血大鼠海马CA1区神经元凋亡保护作用的研究

[目的]研究苦参素对大鼠慢性脑缺血后大脑海马CA1区神经元凋亡的保护作用并探讨其机制。[方法]将100只SD大鼠采用结扎双侧颈总动脉的方法复制慢性脑缺血大鼠模型,设假手术组、模型组和苦参素低[25 mg/（kg·d）]、中[50 mg/（kg·d）]、高[100 mg/（kg·d）]剂量组,各20只,术后第2天开始腹腔注射给药,疗程7 d。通过苏木精-伊红（HE）染色、末端标记（TUNEL）法分别观察海马CA1区神经元形态及凋亡状况;免疫组织化学（IHC）法检测海马B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）蛋白表达;蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）法检测半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（Caspase-3）、核因子-κB（NF-κB）蛋白表达;生化分析海马区氧化酶活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量;测定海马组织炎症细胞因子含量。[结果]与模型组比较,苦参素中、高剂量组慢性脑缺血大鼠海马CA1区神经元形态结构变化和凋亡状况均明显改善,凋亡指数（AI）显著降低（P<0.01）,海马区Bcl-2表达上调、Bax表达下调且Bcl-2/Bax比值显著提高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,Caspase-3、NF-κB蛋白表达均显著下调（P<0.05或P<0.01）,抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）]活性显著升高且MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;炎症细胞因子[白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）]含量均显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。[结论]苦参素具有抑制慢性脑缺血大鼠海马CA1区神经元凋亡的药理学作用,其机制可能与苦参素调节凋亡相关蛋白表达以及提高氧自由基清除能力、抑制炎症反应有关。     

雷帕霉素对动脉粥样硬化小鼠斑块面积影响及机制探讨

[目的]探讨雷帕霉素对ApoE基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块面积影响及机制。[方法]选取30只雄性ApoE基因敲除（ApoE^-/-）小鼠为研究对象,将其随机分为模型组、雷帕霉素组、阳性药物（瑞伐他汀）组。高脂饮食12周后灌胃干预4周。处死后取主动脉斑块组织油红O和苏木精-伊红（HE）染色评估斑块脂质情况、斑块面积;采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法测定外周血中促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、γ干扰素（INF-γ）、白介素-6（IL-6）和转化因子β（TGF-β）、白介素-10（IL-10）表达情况。[结果]雷帕霉素组斑块面积明显小于模型组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在炎症因子方面,雷帕霉素组能有效降低外周血TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-6表达,增加IL-10、TGF-β表达,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。[结论]雷帕霉素可通过增加抗炎因子含量、降低促炎因子含量来调控炎症反应,进而抑制斑块发展,降低血管狭窄程度。     

异槲皮苷对db/db小鼠肝脏脂肪酸代谢及相关基因表达的影响

[目的] 研究异槲皮苷对自发性糖尿病小鼠肝脏脂肪酸代谢相关基因表达的调控作用。[方法] 8周龄雄性db/db小鼠随机分为模型组、异槲皮苷组，雄性C57BL/6J小鼠为正常对照组，药物干预4周后，检测小鼠体质量、空腹血糖（FBG）、总胆固醇（CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、游离脂肪酸（FFA），肝质量和肝质量/体质量；肝组织苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察肝细胞脂质蓄积；逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）基因表达。[结果] 与模型组比较，异槲皮苷组小鼠体质量、FBG、CHO、TG、FFA、肝质量、肝质量/体质量显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）；苏木精-伊红（HE）染色肝细胞脂肪变性减轻，肝脏SREBP1c、FAS mRNA表达降低（P<0.05；P<0.01），PGC1α、PPARαmRNA表达显著升高（P<0.05）。[结论] 异槲皮苷可以改善db/db小鼠肝脏脂肪酸代谢紊乱，可能是通过下调肝脏SREBP1c、FASmRNA表达，上调肝脏PGC1α、PPARα表达实现的。     

乌梅木瓜汤对菌群失调小鼠肠道菌群及消化酶活性的影响

[目的] 研究乌梅木瓜汤对抗生素诱导的肠道菌群失调小鼠肠道菌群及消化酶活性的影响。[方法] 将32只BALB/c小鼠随机分为4组,分别为正常组、模型组及乌梅木瓜汤低、高剂量给药组,每组8只。除正常组外其余三组小鼠均采用混合抗生素灌胃8 d诱导肠道菌群失调模型。造模成功后,乌梅木瓜汤低、高剂量组分别灌胃乌梅木瓜汤[3.77、7.54 g/（kg·d）]连续8 d,正常组与模型组给予等量无菌水,记录小鼠体质量的变化。末次给药后收集各组小鼠粪便,分别采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术、福林酚比色法、DNS比色法检测分析小鼠肠道菌群及酶活性的变化。[结果] 与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肠道菌群多样性显著降低（P<0.01或P<0.05）,变形菌门、疣微菌门、克雷伯氏菌属、大肠杆菌-志贺菌属等菌丰度显著升高（P<0.01或P<0.05）,厚壁菌门、脱硫菌门、norank_f_Muribaculaceae属、乳杆菌属丰度显著降低（P<0.05）,蛋白酶、淀粉酶及纤维素酶活性显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组相比,乌梅木瓜汤干预明显改善菌群失调小鼠肠道菌群多样性（P<0.05）,显著降低蛋白酶、淀粉酶及纤维素酶活性（P<0.01或P<0.05）,可显著增加菌群中norank_f_Muribaculaceae属、乳杆菌属等有益菌的丰度,减少变形菌门、克雷伯氏菌属、大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌属等条件致病菌的群落丰度性（P<0.01或P<0.05）。[结论] 乌梅木瓜汤可改善菌群失调小鼠肠道菌群结构及多样性,降低致病菌丰度、升高有益菌丰度,降低肠道消化酶活性,对菌群失调小鼠肠道微生态的平衡具有积极作用。     

针刺对局灶性脑缺血大鼠缺血脑组织及血清IL-6的影响

[目的]观察针刺对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织及血清白介素-6(IL-6)含量的影响。[方法]以热凝法阻断一侧大脑中动脉造成大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,采用放免法测定大鼠脑组织及血清IL-6含量。[结果]脑缺血后3、6、12、24 h缺血组脑组织IL-6含量与正常组比较均显著增高(P<0.01),针刺后3、6、12 h脑组织中IL-6含量较同时段缺血组显著降低(P<0.01),并明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。脑缺血后血清中IL-6含量3 h急剧升高,3、6、12 h段缺血组血清IL-6含量与同时段假手术及正常组比较显著升高(P<0.01),治疗后3、6、12 h针刺组血清IL-6含量较同时段缺血组显著降低(P<0.01),24及48 h针刺组血清IL-6含量明显升高,与正常组及假手术组比较均有显著差异(P<0.01)。[结论]通过对IL-6的调节,发挥其抗炎、神经保护作用,促进受损神经元修复,可能针刺治疗缺血性脑卒中的作用机制之一。     

舒肝明目汤含药血清调节HIF1α-VEGF-Notch1通路活性影响脉络膜血管新生作用的研究

[目的] 探讨舒肝明目汤含药血清对大鼠脉络膜血管内皮细胞（CECs）增殖的影响及与HIF1α-VEGF-Notch1通路相关的调节机制。[方法] CECs细胞在常氧和低氧条件下进行培养,检测低氧条件下舒肝明目汤含药血清对CECs增殖移行能力的影响;并采用实时荧光定量PCR法（RT-PCR）和免疫印迹法（Western blot）技术检测细胞中低氧诱导因子1α（HIF1α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和Notch1 mRNA和蛋白表达的水平。[结果] 与正常组相比,低氧组CECs的增殖移行能力明显提高（P<0.01）,CECs中HIF1α、VEGF和Notch1 mRNA及蛋白表达明显增多（P<0.01）.经含药血清处理后,CECs增殖移行能力较低氧组显着下降（P<0.01）,同时HIF1α和VEGF mRNA及蛋白表达降低（P<0.01,P<0.05）,而Notch1表达进一步增高（P<0.01）.[结论] 舒肝明目汤含药血清通过上调Notch1表达及下调HIF1α-VEGF通路活性抑制CECs增殖迁移,从而减少脉络膜新生血管生成。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.