氧化铁掺杂TiO_2和TiO_2/SiO_2的Raman光谱(英文)

采用Sol Gel法制备氧化铁掺杂TiO2 和TiO2 /SiO2 纳米粒子及在玻璃表面的涂膜 ,并用Raman光谱研究氧化铁含量对TiO2 和TiO2 /SiO2 结构的影响。该产物对水和大气中的有机污染物有催化降解作用。     

Pr高掺杂浓度对锐钛矿TiO_2的带隙和吸收光谱影响的研究

目前,Pr掺杂对锐钛矿TiO2带隙和吸收光谱研究结果存在相反的结论,红移和蓝移两种实验结果都有文献报道.为解决这个矛盾,本文基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,对纯的和不同浓度Pr高掺杂锐钛矿TiO2的电子结构和吸收光谱进行了计算.计算结果表明,与纯锐钛矿TiO2相比较,Pr掺杂后,掺杂量越增加,掺杂体系各原子电荷量越减小,掺杂体系总能量越高,形成能越大,稳定性越下降,带隙越窄,吸收光谱红移现象越显著,吸收强度越强.计算结果与实验结果相一致.     

H_2气氛退火处理对Nb掺杂TiO_2薄膜光电性能的影响

采用电子束沉积方法,以钛酸锶(SrTiO3)为衬底制备铌(Nb)掺杂TiO2薄膜并研究后续H2气氛退火处理对其薄膜样品光电性能的影响.结果发现H2气氛热退火处理能有效改善Nb掺杂TiO2薄膜的导电率,最佳电阻率达到5.46×10-3Ω·cm,在可见光范围内的透光率为60%—80%.导电性能的改善与H2气氛退火处理后多晶薄膜的晶粒尺寸变大和大量的氧空位形成及H原子掺杂有关.     

TiO_2薄膜的硼掺杂对TiO_2/p~+-Si异质结器件电致发光的增强

利用磁控溅射在重掺硼硅(p+-Si)衬底上分别沉积TiO2薄膜和掺硼的TiO2(Ti O2∶B)薄膜,并经过氧气氛下600℃热处理,由此形成相应的TiO2/p+-Si和TiO2∶B/p+-Si异质结。与Ti O2/p+-Si异质结器件相比,TiO2∶B/p+-Si异质结器件的电致发光有明显的增强。分析认为:TiO2∶B薄膜经过热处理后,B原子进入TiO2晶格的间隙位,引入了额外的氧空位,而氧空位是TiO2/p+-Si异质结器件电致发光的发光中心,所以上述由B掺杂引起的氧空位浓度的增加是TiO2∶B/p+-Si异质结器件电致发光增强的原因。     

VB金属离子掺杂TiO_2金红石构型与稳定性的分子动力学研究(英文)

在300 K与101 325 Pa下,用分子动力学模拟研究0.5mol%,2.1mol%,3.8mol%VB金属离子(V5+,b5+,Ta5+)TiO2金红石构型与总能量.当掺杂离子浓度为2.1mol%时,离子位置具有较小的平方位移,及较明显的原子晶面与高的稳定性,金红石构型保持较好的完整性.其中,与V5+,Ta5+掺杂离子相比,Nh5+离子由于具有Ti5+相匹配的价态与离子半径,能够较好地溶入到TiO6八面体中.     

Pt-N共掺杂锐钛矿TiO_2的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理中的平面波超软赝势(PWPP)方法对理想TiO_2,N单掺杂,Pt单掺杂和Pt-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的电子结构进行计算,分析N单掺杂、Pt单掺杂及Pt-N共掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO_2的晶体结构、能带和态密度的影响.计算结果表明:掺杂后TiO_2的晶格发生畸变,原子间键长的变化使晶格发生膨胀,Pt单掺杂、N单掺杂TiO_2禁带宽度变窄,Pt-N共掺杂TiO_2分别在价带顶和导带底产生杂质能级,且禁带宽度缩小范围大,表明Pt-N共掺杂能进一步提高锐钛矿TiO_2催化性能.     

第一性原理计算C掺杂金红石型TiO_2的磁性和光学性质

本文运用第一性原理GGA+U方法计算了C元素单/双掺杂金红石型TiO_2的电子结构、磁性和光学性质.结果表明,C掺杂体系的晶格发生畸变和体积相应增大.单掺杂体系的磁矩为1.3μB,磁矩主要归因于杂质态引起的自旋电荷密度不平衡,杂质态主要由C-2p、O-2p和Ti-3d的态电子构成,且它们之间存在明显的杂化现象.双掺杂体系中C原子之间的反铁磁性耦合比铁磁性耦合更加稳定,但其磁矩为零.另外,随着掺杂浓度的增大,掺杂体系的带隙由2.58 eV增大到3.4 eV,且在可见光区域的光吸收效率明显增大.这表明带隙的减小可能不是光谱吸收增强的主要因素,而带隙中的杂质态极大地影响了光谱吸收效率.     

Cu掺杂SnO_2/TiO_2复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

制备Cu掺杂的纳米Sn O2/Ti O2溶胶,采用旋涂法在载玻片上镀膜,经干燥、煅烧制得Cu掺杂的Sn O2/Ti O2薄膜,通过对比实验探讨掺杂比例、条件、复合形式等对结构和性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM、EDS、UVVis等测试手段对样品进行表征,并以甲基橙为探针考察了其光催化降解性能。XRD测试结果显示薄膜的晶型为锐钛矿型,结晶度较高。SEM谱图显示薄膜表面无明显开裂,粒子分布均匀,粒径约为20 nm。EDS测试结果表明薄膜材料中含有Cu元素,谱形一致。UV-Vis吸收光谱表明Cu掺杂以及Sn O2/Ti O2的复合使得在近紫外区的光吸收比纯Ti O2明显增强。光催化实验表明Cu掺杂后使得Sn O2/Ti O2复合薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解效率进一步提高,Sn O2/Ti O2复合薄膜的光催化活性在10%Cu掺杂时达到最高。     

稀土离子掺杂纳米TiO_2的太赫兹光谱研究

对sol-gel法制备的不同稀土元素(Ce,Nd,Sm)掺杂的纳米TiO2粒子进行研究。X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析结果表明,稀土离子均以间隙的形式均匀分布在纳米TiO2晶格内。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)显示,掺杂TiO2较纯TiO2具有更强的红外活性;在0.2~1.70 THz波段,TiO2的折射率随着频率的增加而减小,并呈现反常色散现象;Ce掺杂引起新的特征吸收,分别为1.35和1.58 THz,且造成太赫兹吸收谱的吸收边发生红移,Nd和Sm掺杂则造成吸收边蓝移。在0.2~1.7 THz范围内,Sm掺杂引起的介电损耗角正切值(taneδ)最小,其平均值为0.05。     

Zn、Cu共掺杂TiO_2∶SiO_2薄膜材料的光学性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制得Zn、Cu共掺杂的TiO_2∶SiO_2凝胶,旋转法于玻璃基底涂膜,制得Zn、Cu共掺杂的TiO_2∶SiO_2薄膜,探讨了煅烧温度、煅烧时间及掺杂比例对其结构、形貌和性能的影响。采用XRD、FESEM、FTIR等测试技术对薄膜进行表征,并考察了其对甲基橙的光催化降解性能。XRD测试结果显示:薄膜样品的晶型为锐钛矿型,结晶良好。SEM谱图显示:薄膜微粒粒径小,分布均匀,表面平整、致密且无明显裂痕;紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)表明:Zn、Cu共掺杂的TiO_2∶SiO_2薄膜在紫外区和可见光区的吸光度明显增加,提高了对光的利用率;光催化性能测试表明:与纯相TiO_2对比,Zn、Cu共掺杂的TiO_2∶SiO_2薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解率有较大提高,在600℃下焙烧2h的掺杂的量比为n(Ti)∶n(Si)∶n(Zn)∶n(Cu)=3∶2∶1.5∶4的薄膜样品光催化降解率最高。     

CO_2水合物导热特性的分子动力学模拟

使用分子动力学模拟方法在NVT系综下对结构完整CO_2水合物以及结构缺陷CO_2水合物进行了导热模拟计算.对于结构完整的CO_2水合物,在200-230 K温度区间内,体系导热系数由0.4684 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)变化到0.4836 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),温度相关性较弱;而在230-280 K温度区间内,体系导热系数由0.4836 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)变化到0.7494 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),温度相关性变强;另外,通过计算功率图谱发现主体分子对水合物体系的导热贡献更大.对于结构缺陷CO_2水合物,发现晶穴占有率和笼形结构缺陷对体系导热均有一定影响,空笼晶胞导热系数约为完整晶胞导热系数的86.67%,体系的导热能力主要取决于主体结构的性质.     

Yellow phosphors coated with TiO2 for the enhancement of photoluminescence and thermal stability

In order to improve the phosphor efficiency of yellow emission of the phosphor-converted white light emitting diode (pcW-LED), the Ba²⁺ Mg²⁺ co-doped Sr₂SiO₄:Eu phosphors were synthesized and were coated with thin and uniform TiO₂. The TiO₂ layer with 20 nm was uniformly coated over the phosphor surface. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the TiO₂-coated phosphors showed improved yellow-emission intensity compared to the pristine phosphors. The temperature dependence of photoluminescence was measured from 25 to 150 °C. The TiO₂-coated phosphors showed superior thermal quenching property compared to pristine phosphors. We concluded that the TiO₂-coated surface of the phosphor is an effective way to improve the phosphor efficiency and enhance the thermal quenching stability.     

金红石相Fe3+/TiO2结构与磁特性分子动力学模拟

结合共价作用与量子修正,采用分子动力学方法,模拟计算了300K常压下金红石相Fe3+/TiO2晶体结构及能量参数.结果表明,当掺杂量达5.7mol%时,晶胞参数a与晶胞体积明显增大,八面体共棱部分消失,(110)晶面中的阴离子精细结构逐渐消失,阴离子均方位移与体系能量也明显增大.此外,结构畸变易形成氧空位桥基团(Fe3+-[F心]-Ti4+), 而呈铁磁性,随掺杂量增加,该基团取向变化而易形成反铁磁性,所获得了模拟结果与磁特性与实验结果基本一致.     

Numerical simulation of particle size effects on contact electrification in granular systems

Based on the contact charge transfer model between two particles due to a single collision proposed by Apodaca, the contact charges carried on a particle is derived due to multiple collisions, including the repeat collisions between two particles and the collisions with different particles, in mixed-size granular system of identical material. The effect of the particle size on the charges carried on the particle is simulated. The results indicate that for a mixed-size granular system, due to multiple collisions among particles, there exists a threshold particle radius, the particles with radius higher than which and the particles with radius lower than which carry opposite charges. The threshold particle radius is equal to mean value of particle size in the mixed-size granular system. Basically, the polarity of the charges carried on the largest particle is same as the polarity of the transfer charge carrier, and in case of the positive charge transferred, the largest particle will be positively charged and the smallest particle will be negatively charged, and vice versa. In the same size region, the more dispersive the particle size is, the more the net charges can be produced. In normal-distributed granular system, the magnitude of contact charge is determined mainly by the particle size distribution, size region, total particle number and the relative impact velocity.     

应力对石墨烯热输运性质影响的分子动力学模拟

本文建立了低维薄膜材料导热模型,运用非平衡分子动力学模拟的方法,利用lanmmps软件对单层石墨烯纳米带的导热特性进行仿真分析,根据Fourier定律计算热导率,再对石墨烯纳米带的原子施加一定耦合应力场,把应力耦合作用下的石墨烯热导率与正常的石墨烯纳米带进行了对比研究,模拟数据结果表明:在石墨烯纳米带上施加耦合应力时,会导致石墨烯纳米带热导率升高,且随应力增加而增大,模拟范围内热导率升高2.61倍,并且应力方向会对热导率变化产生一定影响,这个研究为纳米尺度上石墨烯相关研究和进一步提升热导率提供了新思路.     

第一性原理计算C掺杂金红石型TiO2的磁性和光学性质

本文运用第一性原理GGA+U方法计算了C元素单/双掺杂金红石型TiO2的电子结构、磁性和光学性质. 结果表明, C掺杂体系的晶格发生畸变和体积相应增大。单掺杂体系的磁矩为1.3 μB, 磁矩主要归因于杂质态引起的自旋电荷密度不平衡, 杂质态主要由C-2p、O-2p 和Ti-3d的态电子构成, 且它们之间存在明显的杂化现象. 双掺杂体系中C原子之间的反铁磁性耦合比铁磁性耦合更加稳定, 但其磁矩为零. 另外, 随着掺杂浓度的增大, 掺杂体系的带隙由2.58 eV增大到3.4 eV, 且在可见光区域的光吸收效率明显增大. 这表明带隙的减小可能不是光谱吸收增强的主要因素, 而带隙中的杂质态极大地影响了光谱吸收效率.     

The influence of particle size on separation and dustiness in powder mixtures during nonelectrostatic and electrostatic coating

Common food powders and their mixtures, consisting of two powders with the same composition but different in particle size: fine (51–95 μm) and coarse (244–401 μm) NaCl, KCl, sucrose, rice starch, maltodextrin, whey protein, casein and soy protein, were coated on a target at 0 and −25 kV. Over half of the mixtures showed separation due to a difference in particle size. Separation was caused by the difference in individual transfer efficiency of the powders and interactions during coating. Both composition and differences in size were found to be important. Being in a mixture did not change the amount of dust formed.     

Tunable and High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield from Self‐Decorated TiO2 Quantum Dots on Fluorine Doped Mesoporous TiO2 Flowers by Rapid Thermal Annealing

Herein a novel approach is reported to achieve tunable and high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) from the self‐grown spherical TiO₂ quantum dots (QDs) on fluorine doped TiO₂ (F‐TiO₂) flowers, mesoporous in nature, synthesized by a simple solvothermal process. The strong PL emission from F‐TiO₂ QDs centered at ≈485 nm is associated with shallow and deep traps, and a record high PL QY of ≈5.76% is measured at room temperature. Size distribution and doping of F‐TiO₂ nanocrystals (NCs) are successfully tuned by simply varying the HF concentration during synthesis. During the post‐growth rapid thermal annealing (RTA) under vacuum, the arbitrary shaped F‐TiO₂ NCs transform into spherical QDs with smaller sizes and it shows dramatic enhancement (≈163 times) in the PL intensity. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the high density of oxygen vacancy defects on the surface of TiO₂ NCs. Confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging shows bright whitish emission from the F‐TiO₂ QDs. Low temperature and time resolved PL studies reveal that the ultrafast radiative recombination in the TiO₂ QDs results in highly efficient PL emission. A highly stable, biologically inert, and highly fluorescent TiO₂ QDs/flowers without any capping agent demonstrated here is significant for emerging applications in bioimaging, energy, and environmental cleaning.