焙烧处理下二氧化钛/钛酸盐纳米材料晶型和形貌的变化规律研究

通过调控酸碱浓度, 在水热条件下得到了金红石、锐钛矿、板钛矿、钛酸钠等一系列TiO₂/钛酸盐产物. 对上述TiO₂、酸洗处理后的钛酸盐等一系列不同晶型、不同形貌的样品进行焙烧处理, 系统性地研究焙烧温度的逐渐升高对产物晶型转变和形貌演化的规律性影响. 给出了水热酸碱浓度以及焙烧温度两个因素与TiO₂/钛酸盐纳米材料晶型和形貌变化行为关系的二维示意图. 依据奥斯特瓦尔德阶梯规则、经典热力学理论以及定向附着生长机理, 对TiO₂/钛酸产物的晶型晶体生长、晶型转变和形貌演化机理进行了探讨.     

静电纺丝法制备纳米氧化铟锡及其导电性能

采用静电纺丝-溶胶凝胶法,以SnCl2、InCl3、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)等为原料,乙醇胺为水解控制剂,合成了超细氧化铟锡(ITO)纳米纤维及富氧缺陷的ITO纳米颗粒。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线电子能谱(XPS)、四探针电阻仪,系统研究了超细ITO纤维及颗粒的形貌、晶型、氧缺陷及导电性能。在400℃空气煅烧后,纤维中的PVP高分子骨架发生热分解,获得超细、多孔ITO纳米纤维,晶型为立方相。进一步升高煅烧温度至800℃,ITO纳米纤维转变为富氧缺陷的纳米颗粒,晶格氧空位含量高达38.9%。随着煅烧温度升高,Sn4+掺入到In₂O₃晶格中,发生晶格膨胀,晶面间距增大。煅烧温度由400℃升高至800℃,未发生立方相向六方相的转变,晶型稳定,晶粒尺寸从32 nm生长到44 nm,晶格应变(ε0)从1.943×10^-3减小至1.422×10^-3,应变诱导的晶格弛豫逐渐减小。此外,高温煅烧可抑制In₂O₃晶粒(111)晶面的增长,随着In₂O₃的(400)与(222)晶面比值(I₍₄₀₀)/I₍₂₂₂))的增加,ITO电导率逐渐升高。在800℃获得的ITO纳米颗粒导电率最高。     

MnOδ催化剂的制备及对柴油机尾气炭烟颗粒燃烧的催化性能

基于氧化锰(MnO_x)催化剂优异的氧化还原性能,采用水热法制备了一系列具有层状结构的MnO_δ催化剂,并对其物化性能进行了表征.研究了水热反应温度、煅烧温度以及原料组成对催化剂晶体结构、形貌和氧化还原性能的影响,并将MnO_δ催化剂应用于柴油机尾气炭烟颗粒的催化燃烧.结果表明,当水热反应时间为12 h,煅烧温度为550℃,反应原料中KOH和K₂CO₃同时存在时,所制备的MnO_δ-t₁₂催化剂具有最佳的催化燃烧炭烟颗粒的活性, T₁₀, T₅₀和T₉₀值分别为274, 321和354℃.     

晶相可控的ZrO2纳米线的无卤制备及表征

采用无卤法制备晶相可控的ZrO₂纳米线. 通过静电纺丝法制备聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)与Zr(NO₃)₄的复合纤维; 再通过煅烧法在除去聚合物模板的同时制备ZrO₂纳米线. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)仪及热重差热联用热分析仪(DSC-TGA)对材料的晶相结构、 形貌及热稳定性进行表征. 通过改变煅烧温度, 可以实现ZrO₂纳米材料形貌及晶相组成的调控.     

N掺杂空心TiO2微球的合成与表征

采用无皂乳液聚合合成的聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为模板、氨水/三乙醇胺为催化体系, 通过溶胶-凝胶方法合成了PS/TiO₂(核/壳)复合微球, 然后通过煅烧制备了N掺杂、锐钛型空心TiO₂微球. 在反应体系中三乙醇胺扮演双重角色, 既是TiO₂生成及包覆过程的抑制剂又是空心TiO₂微球的N掺杂剂. 改变氨水、三乙醇胺和钛酸正丁酯用量可控制TiO₂壳的形态和尺寸. 氨水用量增加, PS/TiO₂复合微球的壳表面变得粗糙|三乙醇胺用量增加, 壳表面变得光滑|钛酸正丁酯用量提高导致壳层变厚. 改变三乙醇胺用量可调节空心TiO₂微球中的N掺杂量|N掺杂空心TiO₂微球具有可见光响应和光催化作用.     

二氧化锰/石墨烯纸电极的制备及其电化学性能

通过电化学法使溶液中的Mn²⁺电解氧化为MnO₂,沉积复合在石墨烯片膜上,形成由MnO₂/石墨烯复合材料构成的纸电极。 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)、循环伏安(CV)和恒流放电等技术手段对纸电极材料的结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行了研究。 结果表明,MnO₂球形颗粒均匀地沉积在石墨烯片膜上,形成了厚度45 μm的纸电极,经过380 ℃煅烧后,纸电极中的MnO₂晶型由γ-MnO₂转化为β/γ-MnO₂混合晶型,是良好的柔性Li/MnO₂电池的电极材料。 MnO₂/石墨烯纸电极在室温下0.1C放电容量达269 mA·h/g,而且电化学阻抗低、柔韧性好。     

复合沉淀剂制备高质量碳酸镧及氧化镧的研究

为满足稀土工业生产对环保、经济的沉淀剂及沉淀技术的需求,以氯化镧料液为原料,碳酸氢钠和碳酸钠为复合沉淀剂制备了碳酸镧和氧化镧。研究了加料方式、复合沉淀剂配比、反应温度、料液浓度、料液及沉淀剂的流量、沉淀过程pH值范围、添加晶种等因素对碳酸镧形貌、粒度及氧化镧中Cl~-,Na₂O含量和稀土总量(REO)等理化性能的影响,运用SEM、粒度分析、XRD等手段对碳酸镧或对应氧化镧形貌、粒度进行了表征。结果表明,控制复合沉淀剂中碳酸氢钠和碳酸钠摩尔比为1∶4,反应温度30℃,料液浓度为110g·L^-1,料液流量为6.0mL·min^-1,沉淀过程pH值为4.0～4.5,在添加适量碳酸镧晶种和并流加料的条件下,可获得易沉降,粒度D50为23.46μm,形貌为片状堆叠成的类球形La₂(CO₃)₃·8H₂O晶体;灼烧后氧化镧产品稀土总量为99.62%,Cl~-和Na₂O含量分别为0.01%和0.001%,达到国家标准GB/T415...     

棒状LiZnPO4的低温合成与表征

LiZnPO₄的性能与其形貌密切相关,其合成常用的固相法和水热法均无控制其微观形貌的优势。 本文采用改进的沉淀法成功合成了具有棒状结构的LiZnPO₄。 利用热重-差热分析仪(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)以及场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)等技术研究了LiZnPO₄形成过程、晶相组成、微观结构和形貌。 同时探究了合成方法、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、酸的种类对LiZnPO₄形貌的影响。 结果表明,相比较于固相法,以醋酸为原料的改进沉淀法不仅可以有效降低LiZnPO₄的合成温度至500 ℃,而且很容易控制棒状LiZnPO₄的形成。 在600 ℃下煅烧2 h后可以获得分散性良好、横截面为矩形、直径约为2 μm的规则棒状LiZnPO₄。 此外,对比颗粒状LiZnPO₄和棒状LiZnPO₄的光响应能力,发现棒状LiZnPO₄的光响应能力明显增强。     

B2O3-Bi2O3-ZnO-Al2O3玻璃助烧剂对BaTiO3陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响

通过调节B₂O₃-Bi₂O₃-ZnO-Al₂O₃(BBZA)玻璃的添加量研究其对钛酸钡(BaTiO₃)陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：添加适量的BBZA玻璃能够有效地将BaTiO₃陶瓷烧结温度由1 350℃降至950℃,并使其致密化。同时,添加BBZA玻璃后,BaTiO₃的晶体结构随着烧结温度的升高而发生转变(立方相→四方相)。另外,BBZA玻璃的引入使BaTiO₃陶瓷的居里峰得到了有效的抑制和拓宽。陶瓷微观形貌显示,玻璃相均匀分布在BaTiO₃晶粒表面。优化的BaTiO₃陶瓷制备条件如下：BBZA添加量(质量分数)为2.0%,烧结温度为950℃。在该条件下制备的BaTiO₃陶瓷介电常数达到1 364,介电损耗低至1.2%。     

由钛酸盐纳米带水热制备锐钛矿型TiO2纳米带

研究了水热处理具有层状结构的钛酸钠纳米带或钛酸纳米带转化为锐钛矿型TiO₂的制备过程、难易程度和相转化机理. 实验结果表明, 当水热反应温度和时间分别在160 ℃ 和24 h以内, 钛酸钠纳米带很难完全转化为锐钛矿型TiO₂, 若升高反应温度并延长反应时间, 则可制得纯的锐钛矿型TiO₂, 但纳米带形貌被严重破坏; 当水热反应温度和时间分别为160 ℃ 和16 h时, 1次酸洗的钛酸纳米带能够完全转化为锐钛矿型TiO₂, 若钛酸纳米带经过3次强酸浸泡, 则在160 ℃下相转化时间就会缩短到12 h, 所有钛酸纳米带在转化为TiO₂后的形貌仍为纳米带, 但经3次酸浸后生成的TiO₂纳米带表面更光滑. 讨论了钛酸钠纳米带或钛酸纳米带转化为锐钛矿型TiO₂的相转化机理.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.