红外焦平面列级ADC数字读出电路测试技术研究

数字化红外焦平面器件是焦平面发展的重要方向,其核心是读出电路集成高性能模数转换器(ADC)。分析了读出电路数字化输出后焦平面性能参数的评价方法,阐述了红外焦平面列级ADC的静态测试和动态测试方法,提出了基于斜坡电压输入的过采样原理测试ADC静态性能,提升无误码分辨率测试正确性。针对ADC静态测试和动态测试要求,结合Labview软件和数字采集卡搭建了软硬件测试平台,并通过一款数字焦平面芯片的测试,验证了测试方法和平台适用于行列级ADC数字化读出电路的测试评价。     

数字化中波红外焦平面探测器组件研究进展

介绍了美国、以色列、法国等西方发达国家在数字化中波红外焦平面探测器方面的研究现状及发展趋势。从数字读出电路（ROIC）角度出发,阐述了上述三个发达国家开发的列级ADC数字化中波红外焦平面探测器的最新研究成果。在SWaP概念牵引下,以色列、法国都推出了小像元（中心距为10 m及以下）、高温工作、数字化输出的百万像素中波红外焦平面探测器组件。最后介绍了昆明物理研究所在数字化红外焦平面探测器组件研究方面取得的最新进展。昆明物理研究所突破列级ADC数字读出电路关键技术后,研制出一系列中心距（15 m、20 m、25 m）的640512列级ADC数字化中波红外焦平面探测器组件,主要技术指标与国外同类数字化中波红外焦平面探测器组件相当。     

微光CMOS图像传感器读出电路研究

高性能的信号读出电路是微光CMOS图像传感器的重要组成部分,如何降低读出电路噪声,提高读出电路输出信号的信噪比成为读出电路设计的重点。本文设计了一种高增益低噪声的电容反馈跨阻放大器CTIA（Capacitive Trans impedanceAmplifier）与相关双采样电路CDS （Correlated Double Sampling）相结合的微光探测器读出电路。在CTIA电路中,采用T网络电容实现fF级的积分电容,并通过增益开关控制,来达到对微弱光信号的高增益低噪声读出。采用CSMC公司的0.5μm标准CMOS工艺库对电路进行流片,测试结果表明：在光电流信号为20~300 pA范围内,积分时间为20μs,该电路功能良好,信噪比（SNR）达到10,能应用于微光CMOS图像传感器。     

基于可编程开窗IP核的低功耗读出电路研究EI北大核心CSCD

红外焦平面探测器正朝着更大规模、高帧频、高集成度的方向发展。在高速目标跟踪探测、感兴趣区域成像等应用场景,需要解决高速读出时面临的功耗较高的难点。文中提出了一种数字IC的可编程开窗IP核设计,并通过采用列级分时选通技术,实现对640×512读出电路列模块的超低功耗优化。像素单元电路包含CTIA输入级、双采样保持结构和跟随输出,折衷优化了面积、噪声和增益等因素。相较于传统用门级电路定制设计实现的开窗方式,可编程开窗数字IP核对于不同面阵规格具有良好的可扩展性,并且可以借助后端软件综合优化版图布局,从而缩短设计周期。实际研制中采用0.18μm标准CMOS工艺完成了中心距15μm的640×512读出电路设计及流片验证,并与640×512元短波红外InGaAs探测器芯片进行了耦合测试,结果表明分时选通技术有效降低了列级电路功耗,电路读出总功耗小于80 mW,列级功耗仅为15 mW,读出速率达到15 MHz,可编程开窗IP核功能正常,可以实现指定区域的开窗功能。     

短波红外焦平面弱信号读出的高帧频模拟链路设计

针对短波红外焦平面阵列探测器弱信号耦合、高帧频输出和噪声抑制的要求, 文中设计了512256面阵探测器读出电路（ROIC）的高帧频模拟信号链路结构。完整的模拟信号链包含运放积分型（CTIA）单元输入级、相关双采样、电荷放大器和互补型输出级。在低温模型基础上,进行了前仿真和提取版图寄生参数的后仿真。仿真得到输出动态范围为2.8V,8路输出的工作帧频高于250Hz。基于CSMC-6S05DPTM0.5m 工艺完成流片,读出电路ROIC芯片的测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,为短波红外焦平面探测器弱信号读出提供了有效的设计选择。     

向数字化发展的红外焦平面列阵

在过去数年里,红外焦平面列阵(FPA)取得了显著进步,近来的研发重点已经集中到硅读出集成电路(ROIC)上,帧频增加、引入新型的信号处理功能是该领域的重要进展。因为优于具有模拟信号输出的探测器,具有数字信号输出的FPA备受关注。数模转换器(ADC)在芯片上的实现是数字FPA的基础,片上ADC有三种结构,即芯片级ADC、列级ADC和像元级ADC。主要通过对部分有关英语文献资料的归纳分析,介绍了数字化FPA的发展动向和趋势。     

阵列型图像传感器模数转换技术

阵列型图像传感器的信号读出方式对整个传感器的性能有较大的影响。在新型的数字化图像传感器中,光电信号的多路传输在数字域实现,实现了信号的无损传输,提高了图像传感器的通道隔离度及抗干扰能力。模拟数字转换器(ADC)是数字化图像传感器的重要组成部分,其性能对整个成像系统的性能有重大影响。以阵列型图像传感器对ADC的要求入手,分析了ADC各性能参数对阵列型图像传感器性能的影响,介绍了数字化图像传感器的各类结构及适用于阵列型图像传感器的不同ADC及其实现方式。CMOS工艺技术的发展使得像素级ADC技术进入实用化阶段,像素级ADC技术可以利用数字积分技术有效提高图像传感器的动态范围,使得光电信号积分及多路传输都在数字域进行,极大地提高了图像传感器的性能。     

应用于海洋观测的TDI-CCD驱动电路的设计

面阵CCD及线阵CCD不能胜任海洋目标观测的要求,选用具有高信噪比高灵敏度的时间延迟积分CCD(Time delay integration CCD, TDI-CCD)作为 探测器并实现其驱动电路。在图像采集过程中,TDI-CCD探测器使用两个读取端口输出。 该探测器驱动电路产 生TDI-CCD和A/D的驱动时序。CCD的模拟输出信号被A/D采样,转换成可被计算机识别 的数字信号。采用FPGA作为主控芯片,产生驱动时序,接收被A/D转换过的数字信号, 并发送图像至计算机。利用相关双采样(Correlated double sampling, CDS)技术滤除TDI-CCD模 拟输出信号的相关噪声,提高信号的信噪比。现场可编程门阵列(Field programmable gate array, FPGA)代码在ISE14.7下进行仿真,实验表明,研制的TDI-CCD驱动电路能够产生CCD要求的驱动时序。     

面向超大面阵CMOS图像传感器的列总线自加速建立方法研究

在超大面阵CMOS图像传感器（COMS Image Sensor,CIS）中，由于像素面阵输出的列总线上存在超大的寄生电阻电容，列总线信号建立速度的主导因素发生改变，严重影响了读出速度.为了解决这一问题，本文提出了一种可应用于超大面阵CIS列并行读出机制的列总线自加速建立方法，基于电流增益增强理论，在不引入额外总线的前提下，通过对模拟信号建立过程的实时跟踪，加快列总线信号的变化过程，在列总线终端实现了自加速，将超长列总线的读出速度提升了一个数量级. 55 nm工艺下的测试与实验结果显示，采用本文提出的方法后，在亿级像素规模CIS列总线引入的寄生电容与寄生电阻分别为47 pF和20 kΩ的情况下，光电信号从像素节点到列级电路采样节点的上升建立时间由4μs缩短至790 ns，下降建立时间由22.43μs缩短至1.17μs，将亿级像素规模的CMOS图像传感器帧频提升至100帧，压缩了相关双采样的取样间隔时间，从而拓宽了噪声抑制的频率范围.本文方法实现了在保持低噪声和高速读出的同时，单列功耗仅有6.6μW.     

一种用于非制冷红外焦平面阵列的低噪声高均匀性读出电路

提出了一种高均匀性低噪声的读出电路,该电路通过抑制非制冷红外焦平面阵列固定模式噪声,从而可实现高质量的红外图像.该电路前端采用了行共享的增益可控NMOS管抑制像元固定模式噪声,同时采用了新型的相关双采样电路抑制列固定模式噪声.在仿真基础上,采用了AMS 0.35μm CMOS工艺完成了16×16像元芯片的制备.对芯片的大量测试结果表明提出的读出电路可以有效地降低非制冷红外焦平面阵列的固定模式噪声,同时具有高均匀性的特点,适用于高性能非制冷红外探测器.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first     

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS(CHINA)

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NOTICE OF CHANGING JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS （CHINA） TO MICROSYSTEMS ＆ NANOENGINEERING

正Journal of Electronics(China)(JE)was founded in 1984,sponsored by the Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.JE is one of the first English academic journals in China in the field of Electronics and Information technology.The journal was published quarterly since it was launched in 1984 to 2003,then it is published bimonthly till now.During