地形图辅助的建筑物地面和机载点云特征配准

机载和地面激光扫描数据配准的实质是坐标转换问题.以建筑物的立面为研究对象,基于地形图的建筑物线性特征,提出建筑物线-面特征约束的地面和机载点云数据配准方法,实现机载和地面点云数据的配准及其向地形图坐标系的转换.采用拟合方法,获取地面与机载点云、地形图的建筑物线性特征参数.依据特征之间的空间关系,建立特征参数与坐标转换模型的关系,分别实现地面与机载点云向地形图坐标系的水平转换.垂直转换则通过建筑物水平屋顶边缘的高程相对配准以及控制点处的高程绝对配准计算.以上海海洋水族馆点云为例进行实验验证,结果表明该方法可以实现地面和机载点云数据配准.     

基于改进FPFH-ICP的车载激光雷达点云配准方法

为了改善传统车载激光雷达点云配准方法准确度低、计算速度慢的问题，提出了一种基于快速点特征直方图（fast point feature histograms, FPFH）初始匹配与改进迭代最近点（iterative closestpoint,ICP）精确配准相结合的改进FPFH-ICP配准算法。配准前使用体素滤波器和statistical-outlier-removal滤波器进行预处理；采用FPFH提取点云特征，基于采样一致性（sample consensus initial alignment, SAC-IA）进行初始配准，为精确配准提供良好的位姿信息；建立K-D树并在传统ICP配准算法的基础上添加法向量阈值，对车载激光雷达点云数据进行精确配准；在4种不同场景的实验中，改进FPFH-ICP配准比ICP配准的均方根误差和配准用时分别平均减少了7.56%和41.22%，比点特征直方图（point feature histograms, PFH）配准的均方根误差和配准用时分别平均减少了30.28%和18.95%，表明改进的FPFH-ICP能够对车载激光雷达点云数据实现精确且高效的配准。     

一种基于PVDAC描述子的RGB-D三维点云配准方法

利用RGB-D数据进行三维点云配准时容易陷入局部最优.针对这个难题,提出了一种基于多维特征的PVDAC描述子实现三维点云配准的方法.该方法首先通过ORB特征检测算法提取二维数据的关键点,并计算关键点在2D下的灰度特征,然后构建关键点在3D下的局部像素值距离、点云法线角度以及曲率特征,接着将2D特征和3D特征联合生成全新的PVDAC像素描述子,并利用PVDAC像素描述子描述关键点实现三维点云的粗配准,最后基于ICP算法完成三维点云的精细化配准.实验表明,本文算法在大场景点云配准时总体均方误差约为0.05 m2,在小场景单物体点云配准时达到了0.000 2 m2的较小误差,实现了三维点云的精确配准.     

基于ISS特征点的快速CPD建筑物点云配准算法

针对大规模建筑物点云数据采用CPD（coherent point drift）算法进行配准时,计算复杂度增大的问题,提出了一种基于建筑物点云特征点简化数据的快速配准ISS-CPD算法。该配准算法采用ISS(intrinsic shape signature)算法求得建筑物点云的特征点,可减少建筑物点云的数据量规模,再对所提取的不同视角下建筑物点云的特征点用CPD算法进行配准。实验结果表明,改进的配准算法提高了建筑物点云的配准效率。     

改进迭代最近点算法支持下的LiDAR点云与正射影像粗-精配准方法

针对直接迭代最近点算法(Iterative Closest Point,ICP)算法难以满足无人机LiDAR点云与正射影像高精度高效配准等问题,提出基于改进ICP的LiDAR点云与正射影像配准方法,为遥感地物目标解译提供丰富的空间信息和语义信息。首先采用体素滤波算法消除原始点云数据冗余;然后,利用主成分分析算法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)对点云进行粗配准和计算刚体变换参数初始值,最后使用ICP算法实现LiDAR点云与正射影像精配准。实验结果表明,基于改进ICP的配准方法能够实现复杂地物分布、地物遮挡等情况下点云与影像快速、高精度地配准和点云纹理精准着色,相比原始ICP算法精度和效率分别提高了约1.8倍和3倍。     

高密度机载LiDAR数据中确定树冠覆盖方法

针对混交林植被参数提取相对纯林植被参数提取传统方法的局限性,提出一种从单棵树木的三维形状特征出发来确定树冠覆盖轮廓的方法.提出单棵树冠三维形状的模型假设,利用模型生成模拟点云数据进行试验,模拟结果直观展示出所提出方法的有效性;使用机载扫描的高密度混交林Li DAR点云数据进行实验.研究结果表明:该方法能对树冠覆盖范围有较准确的确定,为今后精细化的森林测绘和环境评估提供了技术上的参考.     

无序多视角点云的自主配准方法

为了提高自主多视角点云配准方法的效率和精度,提出一种基于特征匹配的无序多视角点云全局配准方法,通过计算和匹配点云的特征描述子快速实现双视角点云配准;设计了有效的判定准则用于判别双视角配准的结果是否可靠;利用所提出的模型扩展方法对可靠的双视角配准结果进行点云模型的扩展。通过交替地执行双视角配准、配准结果判别和模型扩展,该方法可实现无序多视角点云的全局配准。在斯坦福图形学实验室公开数据集上的实验结果表明,与效果较优的同类方法相比,该方法可使得配准效率平均提高近5倍,且配准误差显著下降,同时可提高多视角点云配准的性能。     

基于轨道移动式激光扫描多期点云的隧道断面变形提取方法

针对轨道移动式激光扫描技术监测地铁隧道变形的点云数据特征和隧道断面变形信息提取与分析的问题,本文提出了一种基于轨道移动式激光扫描点云的隧道断面变形提取方法和处理流程.首先采用RANSAC圆柱检测法提取地铁结构特征部位点云,利用提取的隧道结构点云进行点云的粗配准.然后设计了一种基于权重的ICP算法的精配准方法,精配准后的隧道点云通过切片点云降维处理得到二维断面数据,利用断面的k近邻点拟合曲线提取隧道断面变形值,并采用弧线投影的方法对断面变形表达.实验验证表明,提出的基于曲线拟合隧道断面变形分析的方法和过程,能够准确高效地提取到0.7 mm以上的地铁隧道断面变形信息.     

基于改进ICP算法的室内环境三维地图创建研究

提出一种基于离散选取机制的改进特征点ICP算法,并设计了基于该算法的三维地图创建方法.该方法分为3个阶段,首先提取并匹配相机运动过程中采集的RGB彩色图像中的SURF特征点;然后结合RANSAC算法进行初始配准,优化特征点集初始位姿、去除误匹配,并结合基于离散选取机制的特征点ICP算法进行精确配准;最后利用g2o图优化算法结合关键帧实现对相机运动轨迹的优化,减少累计误差,并将相机采集到的点云数据根据相机当前位姿构建三维点云地图.经过在5个公开数据集环境下进行实验对比,证明本方法的可行性和有效性,在相机运动长度为15.989 m的情况下误差仅为0.059 m,且能够准确地创建实验环境的三维地图.     

基于关键点特征匹配的点云配准方法

针对ICP配准算法对点云的初始位置要求高、处理低重叠率的点云配准能力低的问题,提出了一种基于关键点特征匹配的点云配准方法. 设计一种多尺度加权法向投影均值差的关键点提取算法,结合SHOT描述子对关键点进行特征描述,融合几何一致性以及RANSAC算法去除匹配过程中的误匹配点对,优化关键点之间的对应关系,通过奇异值分解计算刚体变换矩阵,完成点云粗配准,使用ICP进行精确配准. 实验表明,本文提出的关键点提取算法能有效提取点云表面特征变化明显的点,使用SHOT特征对关键点进行描述,能够快速、精确地完成点云数据配准,并且对于较低重叠率的点云,也具有较好的配准效果.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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