曲梁缓冲器的大变形及变形能的椭圆函数解EI北大核心CSCD

金属曲梁结构在发生大变形情况下仍然具有良好的回弹性能,可以用作承受重复冲击系统的冲击能量吸收装置。针对由固支圆形曲梁组成的缓冲器,推导了基于半径和截面角的固支曲梁的大变形平衡方程。给出了端部压力及平板压力作用下曲梁的截面角、位形及变形能的Jacobi椭圆函数解,详细分析了简支圆形曲梁缓冲器的大变形特性及能量吸收特性。结果表明:曲梁缓冲器具有明显的非线性大变形特性和良好的缓冲吸能特性,其缓冲系数曲线有明显的极小值点;缓冲系数的极小值取决于曲梁材料、曲率半径及初始安装角度,与其数量无关。     

缓冲包装材料非线性特性的辨识及应用

为辨识缓冲材料的非线性特性,简述了BP神经网络原理,构建了缓冲材料静态缓冲系数的神经网络模型。通过静压缩试验获得了训练样本和检测样本,利用Matlab神经网络工具箱对网络进行训练及仿真,结果表明该模型具有较好的泛化能力,能够精确识别缓冲系数。从全面和局部缓冲设计两个方面对非线性辩识的应用进行了分析,引入黄金分割法求解最小缓冲系数,给出具体的设计过程,通过实例分析了方法的可行性,从而为智能缓冲设计提供了新的思路。     

蜂窝纸板缓冲曲线特征分析

分析了典型缓冲材料与蜂窝纸板力学模型的应力-应变曲线及缓冲系数-最大应力曲线特征,并提出了利用缓冲系数-最大应力曲线设计蜂窝纸板缓冲衬垫的方法。研究结果表明:典型缓冲材料的应力-应变曲线呈现单调递增趋势;蜂窝纸板的应力-应变曲线特征比较复杂,分为线弹性阶段、屈曲变形阶段、密实化阶段;蜂窝纸板的缓冲系数-最大应力曲线不规则,线弹性阶段的缓冲系数较大,缓冲效率不高,在该阶段可以与其它缓冲材料组合使用,屈曲变形阶段的缓冲系数及应力均较小,缓冲效率较高,但需要跨越峰值应力,在该阶段衬垫设计按照线弹性阶段的峰值应力计算,密实化阶段的材料承受应力较大,不利于保护产品。预压后的蜂窝纸板损失了部分承载能力,其缓冲系数-最大应力曲线平滑,因而其衬垫可按照经典缓冲衬垫设计方法进行设计。     

基于高速图像测量技术的缓冲材料缓冲性能的表征

有效表征缓冲材料的缓冲特性对于优化设计缓冲包装十分重要。采用动态缓冲系数表征材料的缓冲性能是一种非常有效方法。基于动态压缩实验和高速图像测量技术,测量了发泡聚乙烯缓冲材料冲击过程中的动态应力—应变曲线,由此得到不同应力水平情况下单位体积的动态变形能和动态缓冲系数,从而直接表征了泡沫材料的动态缓冲性能,为缓冲包装设计提供了重要的基础数据。     

蠕变对发泡聚乙烯缓冲性能影响的研究

目的研究发泡聚乙烯(EPE)缓冲衬垫在受到内装产品长期静态压载后的缓冲特性变化规律。方法设定2个不同负载(15.3,22.2 kg)模拟某一类电子产品自重,并设置对照组,预载时间为72 h,进行静、动态缓冲特性实验,对比分析EPE产生不同程度的永久变形后,在不同预载量下的应力-应变曲线、最大加速度-静应力曲线及缓冲系数-最大应力曲线。结果预载使EPE静压的屈服阶段变短,吸能特性降低,最小加速度增大,最小缓冲系数增大。结论蠕变会显著降低EPE的缓冲性能,在对发泡材料进行缓冲特性研究时,应增加对材料初始形态的预处理,使其更加符合实际使用状况。     

组合缓冲包装衬垫的缓冲性能研究

目的为促进缓冲材料的组合应用,对材料不同组合形式的等效缓冲性能进行研究。方法利用缓冲包装设计的理论和知识体系进行公式推导。结果叠置及并置组合后,等效缓冲系数取值区域介于2种组合材料缓冲系数之间;组合等效缓冲系数公式以不同材料的缓冲性能参数及比例参数表达。结论推导过程没有对材料模型进行假设,该组合等效缓冲系数公式具有较强的普适性。该等效缓冲系数公式的提出为组合缓冲衬垫设计及不同种类缓冲材料的合理使用提供了依据。     

集装箱平板玻璃冲击应力分析

通过理论和实验的方法,分析集装箱中表面一块平板玻璃受到横向正面冲击的最大应力。将表面一块平板玻璃简化为四边自由均匀各向同性矩形薄板,其余玻璃作为弹性基础。通过计算,给出了最大冲击应力随集装箱正面、背面和底部缓冲材料刚度系数的变化曲线及随底部缓冲材料位置变化曲线。集装箱模型实验的结果与理论结果基本相符。无量纲最大应力响应和刚度系数曲线可供平板玻璃集装箱的结构设计参考。     

缓冲材料冲击试验机的数据采集和处理系统

缓冲材料的缓冲特性是缓冲防振包装设计的重要依据。材料的缓冲特性可用最大加速度—静应力曲线或缓冲系数—最大应力曲线表示。材料缓冲特性的试验方法有动态压缩试验法和静态压缩试验法，与静态压缩试验法相比，动态压缩试验法更接近包装件跌落的实际状况，所以测试结果...     

混合介质缓冲器的动力学特性及缓冲效果研究

介绍一种新型的混合介质缓冲器,其中的混合介质由不可压缩的航空机油与可压缩的空心橡胶小球组成。当冲击发生时,液体将动压力瞬间传递到所有小球上,使它们同时参与变形,冲击能量可被大幅度吸收、损耗。若设计得当,这类缓冲器可具有卓越的缓冲性能。建立了混合介质缓冲器的动力学方程,利用MatLab得到该方程的数值解,并通过试验验证了动力学模型的准确性。理论分析了不同冲击作用下该系统的位移功率谱及混合介质缓冲器的各参数对缓冲效果的影响,对混合介质缓冲器的缓冲效果作出评价。     

一种高容量金属橡胶缓冲器研制

大兆瓦风力发电机组变桨系统出现机械损坏后将导致叶片失控,进而影响机组安全。可以在叶片的根部安装限位缓冲装置,利用橡胶变形和金属塑性变形吸收叶片旋转产生的巨大冲击能量,避免叶片自转扫到塔筒。结合ABAQUS仿真计算及落锤试验技术,介绍一种结构紧凑、免维护的高容量金属橡胶缓冲器的原理、设计计算及试验验证方法。仿真计算及落锤试验结果均表明该缓冲器的各项性能参数达到设计要求,缓冲容量超过9 kJ,能量吸收率超过70%。验证了特殊的金属薄壁框架和橡胶垫组合结构具有优良的吸能特性。     

非均匀热载荷作用下功能梯度梁的非线性静态响应

由于功能梯度材料结构沿厚度方向的非均匀材料特性,使得夹紧和简支条件的功能梯度梁有着相当不同的行为特征。该文给出了热载荷作用下,功能梯度梁非线性静态响应的精确解。基于非线性经典梁理论和物理中面的概念导出了功能梯度梁的非线性控制方程。将两个方程化简为一个四阶积分-微分方程。对于两端夹紧的功能梯度梁,其方程和相应的边界条件构成微分特征值问题;但对于两端简支的功能梯度梁,由于非齐次边界条件,将不会得到一个特征值问题。导致了夹紧与简支的功能梯度梁有着完全不同的行为特征。直接求解该积分-微分方程,得到了梁过屈曲和弯曲变形的闭合形式解。利用这个解可以分析梁的屈曲、过屈曲和非线性弯曲等非线性变形现象。最后,利用数值结果研究了材料梯度性质和热载荷对功能梯度梁非线性静态响应的影响。     

基于精确几何模型梁单元的螺旋弹簧刚度分析

以精确几何模型梁单元为基础,对圆截面螺旋弹簧刚度的非线性特性进行了分析。结合弹簧细长结构的变形特点,选取弹簧半径、弹簧高度、螺旋线极角和簧丝截面扭转角作为螺旋弹簧的描述变量;按照Bernoulli梁理论,通过形心曲线切矢量和簧丝截面扭转角建立截面坐标系;基于大转动梁的变形虚功率,获得螺旋弹簧曲率矢量,构建弹簧变形虚功率;应用柔体建模过程的滤除高频震荡分量方法修正弹簧系统动力学方程求得弹簧刚度,提高计算效率。数值算例表明,计算结果符合弹簧刚度的受力变形规律。同时与弹簧经典理论算法和传统有限元方法进行对比,验证了分析方法的正确性和合理性。     

弹性曲梁几何非线性精确模型及其数值解

基于直法线假设,采用轴线可伸长梁的几何非线性理论,建立了弹性曲梁在任意荷载(保守和非保守)作用下的静态大变形数学模型。其中包含了轴线弧长、轴线位移、横截面转角、内力等七个独立未知函数。通过引进变形后的弧长为未知函数,使得问题的求解区间为未变形梁的轴线长度。该模型不仅考虑了轴线伸长,同时精确地考虑了梁的初始曲率对变形的影响以及轴向变形与弯曲变形之间的相互耦合效应。作为应用,采用打靶法计算了悬臂半圆形曲梁在沿轴线均布的切向随动载荷作用下的非线性平面弯曲问题,给出了随载荷参数大范围变化的平衡路径曲线及平衡构形。     

An accurate solution for the responses of circular curved beams subjected to a moving load

In this paper, an accurate and effective solution for a circular curved beam subjected to a moving load is proposed, which incorporates the dynamic stiffness matrix into the Laplace transform technique. In the Laplace domain, the dynamic stiffness matrix and equivalent nodal force vector for a moving load are explicitly formulated based on the general closed‐form solution of the differential equations for a circular curved beam subjected to a moving load. A comparison with the modal superposition solution for the case of a simply supported curved beam confirms the high accuracy and applicability of the proposed solution. The internal reactions at any desired location can easily be obtained with high accuracy using the proposed solution, while a large number of elements are usually required for using the finite element method. Furthermore, the jump behaviour of the shear force due to passage of the load is clearly described by the present solution without the Gibb's phenomenon, which cannot be achieved by the modal superposition solution. Finally, the present solution is employed to study the dynamic behaviour of circular curved beams subjected to a moving load considering the effects of the loading characteristics, including the moving speed and excitation frequency, and the effects of the characteristics of curved beams such as the radius of curvature, number of spans, opening angles and damping. The impact factors for displacement and internal reactions are presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vibration and damping analysis of curved sandwich beams with a visoelastic core

The energy method has been used to derive the governing equations of motion for transverse vibrations of curved sandwich beams. Assuming a series solution, the equations are solved for a simply supported curved sandwich beam with viscoelastic cores. The damping effectiveness of the beam is evaluated by application of the correspondence principle of linear viscoelasticity. Theoretical results for resonant frequencies and associated system loss factor for curved sandwich beams have been verified experimentally. The effects of curvature, core thickness, lack of symmetry and modal number on the resonant frequency parameter and associated system loss factor have been studied.     

某乏燃料运输容器减震器设计及验证

目的 研发用于某运输容器的减震器,同时探究减震器尺寸和填充材料的分散性对减震器设计的影响。方法 开展减震器尺寸对运输容器减震效果的分析计算,通过木材抗压强度试验获取木材压缩强度分散性,并使用有限元方法对运输容器进行9 m过重心角跌落分析,并进行9 m过重心角跌落测试验证。结果 一般来说减震器尺寸越大,其吸收能量越多,但其尺寸超过某临界点后减震效果反而下降;低抗压强度的填充木材吸能力不如较高抗压强度的,但填充木材抗压强度较大时,减震器偏硬会导致较大的容器刚体加速度。结论 该减震器设计合理,满足规范要求。填充木材的力学性能分散性,偏大或偏小都会对设计产生影响,因此,使用木材作为缓冲填充材料,设计时需要充分考虑木材压缩强度分散性对缓冲效果的影响。     

Effects of in-plane constraints on the free vibration of a symmetrically laminated doubly curved panel

Summary. For a symmetrically laminated curved panel, although the stretching-bending anisotropic coupling stiffnesses are zero, but due to presence of the curvature, the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviors of the panel are still coupled, and hence the in-plane constraints at the boundaries have influences on the transverse behavior of the panel. Such effects of in-plane constraints on the free vibration of the symmetrically laminated curved panel are investigated using a modified Galerkin method in this study. Transverse shear deformation of the panel is considered by using first-order shear deformation theory. Numerical results of the symmetric angle-ply and cross-ply laminated panel with simply supported boundary conditions (SS2 and SS3) are presented. Results show that the in-plane boundary constraints have significant effects on the vibration behavior of the symmetrically laminated curved panel, and the effects strongly depend on the radius of curvature, thickness and lamination schemes, etc. Effects of bending-twisting anisotropic coupling of symmetric angle-ply laminate on the vibration behavior are also discussed.     

Dynamic response of thick laminated annular sector plates subjected to moving load

The dynamic response of thick laminated annular sector plates with simply supported radial edges subjected to a radially distributed line load, which moves along the circumferential direction, is studied. A three-dimensional hybrid method composed of series solution, the layerwise theory and the differential quadrature method in conjunction with the finite difference method is employed. The fast rate of convergence and high accuracy of the method are demonstrated through different examples. Additionally, as a limit case, the out-of-plane dynamic responses of circular curved beams is obtained and compared with those of an unconstrained higher order shear deformation curved beam theory, which is formulated here. Then, the effects of different parameters such as the sector angle, thickness-to-outer radius ratio, ply lay out and the load velocity on the out-of-plane response of the symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply laminated sector plates are investigated. The results can be used as benchmark solutions for future works.     

基础位移激励下斜支承弹簧减振系统的振动

建立了基础位移激励下斜支承弹簧减振系统的几何非线性振动方程,研究了基础位移激励下斜支承弹簧减振系统的几何非线性振动问题。采用L-P法推导出了斜支承弹簧减振系统的非线性振动近似解,讨论分析了基础位移激励振幅、位移激励频率、斜支承弹簧倾角等因素对斜支承弹簧减振系统非线性振动的影响,得到了斜支承弹簧系统的减振效果优于垂直安装弹簧减振系统的减振效果,为斜支承弹簧减振器的设计提供了理论依据。     

Out-of-plane free vibration of functionally graded circular curved beams in thermal environment

A first known formulation for the out-of-plane free vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) circular curved beams in thermal environment is presented. The formulation is based on the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), which includes the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia due to both torsional and flexural vibrations. The material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent and graded in the direction normal to the plane of the beam curvature. The equations of motion and the related boundary conditions, which include the effects of initial thermal stresses, are derived using the Hamilton’s principle. Differential quadrature method (DQM), as an efficient and accurate numerical method, is adopted to solve the thermoelastic equilibrium equations and the equations of motion. The formulations are validated by comparing the results, in the limit cases, with the available solutions in the literature for isotropic circular curved beams. In addition, for FG circular curved beams with soft simply supported edges, the results are compared with the obtained exact solutions. Then, the effects of temperature rise, boundary conditions, material and geometrical parameters on the natural frequencies are investigated.