PACS系统与远程医学影像教学

随着计算机科学与医疗设备的迅猛发展 ,数字化图像技术与现代通讯及计算机技术相结合 ,形成了 PACS(Pic-ture Archiving and Com munication System,影像存储及传输系统 )。它将医学图像资料转化为数字信息 ,通过高速计算机设备及通讯网络 ,完成对图像信息的采集、存储、管理、处理及传输功能 ,使图像资料得以有效管理和充分利用。在更好地为临床医疗服务的同时 ,也为医学影像教学提供了更先进的手段 ,使医学影像教学在原有的基础上又提高了一个层次。 PACS与幻灯、投影、胶片等传统教学媒体相结合 ,使教员讲课更加生动、形象、方便 ,…     

关于基于可扩展PACS的医学影像处理科研教学实验室建设的设想

目的：提出了在高校医学影像工程专业建设一个先进的医学影像处理科研教学实验室的设想,以促进医、工、教、研的结合,并方便医学图像处理科研、教学乃至产业化。方法：首先建立基于可扩展PACS系统的研究平台,并在此基础上构建可扩展影像数据库和相关软硬件技术研发平台．逐步形成实验室科研教学所需要的硬环境,同时建立必要的管理制度、项目培育和激励机制以及研究生和优秀本科生能力培养机制等软环境．然后随着实验室与医院和产业界合作程度的加深以及学生毕业后走向社会的“滚动式”的反馈和影响,使得实验室的运作逐步形成良性循环和长效机制。结果：建立这样的实验室不但会方便科研、教学,还可紧扣医院的临床需求把医学影像产品的研发与产业化密切联系在一起,能够形成一个医、工、教、研交叉融合的良好平台和媒介。结论：充分体现卓越工程师教育的新思想和理念,通过不断增强实验室基础职能及其平台和媒介作用,可逐步形成一种范式。可以预见该类实验室建设和良性运作必将同时受到实验室师生、医院相关医生和产业界涉众的欢迎和支持。其对产学研密切结合的教研模式的研究不失为一种有益的试验和探索。     

医院PACS技术与应用

文章通过介绍数字化医学影像技术、PACS的研究和发展状况，阐述了PACS系统的结构和组成，论述了PACS的关键技术和我国医院PACS建设应注意的一些问题。     

国内医院上PACS之我见

本文介绍了当前国内外PACS发展现状，并根据我国医院实际情况和市场行情对我国医院PACS建设提出建议。     

浅谈PACS系统

本文介绍了与PACS技术有关的四大部分的内容,包括PACS技术的提出;PACS系统的构成、基本功能;与PACS技术有关的一些标准化问题;以及PACS技术的现状和PACS技术发展的前景、方向等等问题.     

医院PACS的引进与评价

本文对医学影像归档与传输系统(PACS)引进的必要性、引进方式与规模进行了阐述，重点对PACS产品的供应商、服务商和产品本身的性能进行了系统全面的评价，对医院引进PACS的论证有比较大的指导意义。     

在我国建立PACS体系要解决的问题

医学影像存档与通信系统（ＰＡＣＳ）是当前在医学影像学中具有广阔发展前景的技术领域。我国正处在建立ＰＡＣＳ的起步阶段,借鉴国外的经验,我们提出在建立ＰＡＣＳ时应注意的问题和亟待解决的问题。包括标准化问题、使用方便问题、大容量存储问题以及经济问题等。这些问题的有效解决对促进ＰＡＣＳ在我国的建立将起到推动作用．同时也向我国从事医学影像计算机图像处理和计算机放射科管理工作人员提出需要研究的课题。     

建立PACS系统的关键技术及应用

随着医学影像技术的发展,出现了各种医学成像方法和设备,如传统的X线透视和摄影、X线计算机断层术(X-CT)、数字减影血管造影术(DSA)、核医学(NM)、核磁共振成像(NMR)、超声成像(US)等。这些成像设备产生的医学影像成为医生诊断疾病的重要依据,但同时也使我们面临一个新的问题:如何处理这些堆积如山的有价值的信息。另一方面,各类图像常常需要在科室内部、各室之间、医院之间,甚至地区之间进行传递,以满足医疗诊断、治疗、远程会诊和教学的需要。为此,需要了解PACS系统的关键技术及其应用。1 PACS系统的技术要求与难点 PACS系统技术要求非常高,它可以说是集最先进的计算机与通讯技术之大成的应用:一个实用的PACS系统必须具有处理各种医学影像能力,这些影像种类繁多,包括DR、CR、CT、MR、US、PCT、ECT、各种光学影像(包括内窥镜、显微影像),甚至还有心电一类一维图像。在另一方面,医学影像的数据量极为庞大。例如一幅DR的图像可达16MB.一个病人的DSA资料可达GB数量极。一个中等规模医院仅放射影像部门一年的数据量就可高达4TB(1TB=1000GB)。如何储存与管理如此巨大的数据量,无疑是对     

关于PACS系统网络传输压力的解决

随着医院信息化建设的飞速发展．在运用HIS(Hospital Information System医院信息系统)、PACS(Picture Archiving and Communaction System医学影像存档与传输系统)、RIS(Radiology Information System放射信息系统)过程中，由于多个系统共同使用网络传输数据．给网络造成巨大压力，针对此问题，和平医院根据实际情况设立了PACS分中心服务器．解决网络压力问题。     

PACS建设的应用体会

为适应医院改革和医院信息化建设新形势，我院于2002年与GE公司合作建成了一个PACS系统，并打算与HIS融合．形成了规模较大的医院信息系统，实现了管理信息与图像间地顺畅交流。从我院PACS一年来的实践，浅探PACS建设和应用中的一些体会，供同行参考。     

PACS and multimodality in medical imaging.

A PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) is a system that is able to store, exchange, display and manipulate images and associated diagnoses from any modality within a hospital in a timely and cost-effective way. Several developments, such as the DICOM standard, fast and convenient networking, and new storage solutions for large amounts of data, make the setup of such a PACS system possible. As the information acquired with various imaging modalities is then available and often complementary, it is desirable for the clinician to have a point-by-point spatial co-registration of images from different modalities in order to enable a synergistic use of the multimodality imaging of a patient for increased diagnostic accuracy. Various types of algorithms are available for the matching of medical images from the same or from different modalities. Co-registration algorithms based on voxel properties consist of a similarity or dissimilarity measure and an iterative or non-iterative method minimizing the dissimilarity or maximizing the similarity between the two images by a transformation of one image relative to the other.     

医学影像存档与通讯系统中存储系统分析

图像存储是医学影像存档与通信系统(PACS)设计与实现的重要组成部分。本文通过对PACS存储方面的需求分析,对其中几个关键问题:存储架构、存储技术、存储管理、数据备份与恢复等问题进行了分析,并提出相应的解决方法。     

Reengineering the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) process for digital imaging networks PACS

Prior to June 1997, military picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) were planned, procured, and installed with key decisions on the system, equipment, and even funding sources made through a research and development office called Medical Diagnostic Imaging Systems (MDIS). Beginning in June 1997, the Joint Imaging Technology Project Office (JITPO) initiated a collaborative and consultative process for planning and implementing PACS into military treatment facilities through a new Department of Defense (DoD) contract vehicle called digital imaging networks (DIN)-PACS. The JITPO reengineered this process incorporating multiple organizations and politics. The reengineered PACS process administered through the JITPO transformed the decision process and accountability from a single office to a consultative method that increased end-user knowledge, responsibility, and ownership in PACS. The JITPO continues to provide information and services that assist multiple groups and users in rendering PACS planning and implementation decisions. Local site project managers are involved from the outset and this end-user collaboration has made the sometimes difficult transition to PACS an easier and more acceptable process for all involved. Corporately, this process saved DoD sites millions by having PACS plans developed within the government and proposed to vendors second, and then having vendors respond specifically to those plans. The integrity and efficiency of the process have reduced the opportunity for implementing nonstandard systems while sharing resources and reducing wasted government dollars. This presentation will describe the chronology of changes, encountered obstacles, and lessons learned within the reengineering of the PACS process for DIN-PACS.     

Filmless medical imaging: Experiences of the Massachusetts General Hospital

As the concept of picture archival communication systems (PACS) gathers momentum, the vision of a filmless digital department and digital image management has become a reality. This report will discuss the experiences of a major health-care institution with implementation of a large-scale PACS. Specifically, we discuss success with a modular, nonproprietary, multivendor solution that offers flexibility and state of the art functionality at our institution.     

Important changes in medical x-ray imaging facility shielding design methodology. A brief summary of recommendations in NCRP Report No. 147

The recently published Report No. 147 of The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements entitled "Structural shielding design for medical x-ray imaging facilities" provides an update of shielding recommendations for x rays used for medical imaging. The goal of this report is to ensure that the shielding in these facilities limits radiation exposures to employees and members of the public to acceptable levels. Board certified medical and health physicists, as defined in this report, are the "qualified experts" who are competent to design radiation shielding for these facilities. As such, physicists must be aware of the new technical information and the changes from previous reports that Report No. 147 supersedes. In this article we summarize the new data, models and recommendations for the design of radiation barriers in medical imaging facilities that are presented in Report No. 147.     

Association of the Implementation of PACS with Hospital Revenue

The purpose of this study is to assess the association of implementation of PACS with the inpatient and outpatient revenue of a general hospital. The authors analyzed the in- and outpatient revenue data of all general hospitals (212) in South Korea obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation (KNHIC) during the period from 1996 through 1999 using the mixed model for repeated measure data. The following variables were used in the analysis: status of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) implementation, population size, state of competition, inhabitant's income, hospital location, hospital size, whether a tertiary hospital, whether public or private, the effect of year. The revenues from both in- and outpatient departments were significantly higher one year after the introduction of PACS while controlling for the confounding variables. Although the causality needs to be clarified, the implementation of PACS was correlated significantly to the increased amount of inpatient and outpatient revenue.     

医院小型PACS系统的设计与实现

介绍了PACS的概念、分类及其在设计和实现中的一些关键技术,如图像数据的采集方法、图像存储设备及介质的选取,图像传输的网络等,并分析了各种类型PACS的优缺点,最后结合实际给出金卫工程试点医院小型PACS设计方案及网络结构图。     

The design and development of a physician-oriented PACS for the enhancement of e-hospital facilities

Recent advancements in modern medical diagnoses have required a huge increase of the use of equipment such as CT and ultrasound machines. Correspondingly, the storage and dissemination of these medical images have become an important issue to medical professionals. Unfortunately, management of these images has traditionally been slow and cumbersome. With the prevalence of the personal computer, however, along with increased network bandwidth, it is now possible to handle this information electronically as well as wirelessly. The Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is at the forefront of this revolution. Yet, commercially available PACS software is generally prohibitively expensive for hospitals with limited financial resources. A dilemma among many hospitals is deciding how to acquire and implement the proper PACS system without unduly affecting the budget. In this paper, a full function, efficient, and economical PACS system is presented as a viable, non-compromising option for many small and medium-sized hospitals. This system, designed and developed mainly by the physicians and technicians of Puli Christian Hospital (PCH), with the assistance from academia, allows for customization to fit the needs of individual hospitals. This system can be used as the foundation of a hospital's health information infrastructure and to enhance e-hospital service.