铋盐共沉淀分离富集火焰原子吸收法测定酱中的微量铅

研究了铋盐共沉淀分离富集及火焰法测定铅的最佳备件，在pH8.9的溶液中，用氨水定量沉淀铅。样品中微量铅测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2％-1.8％，加标回收率为98.8％-101.5％。方法可用于酱中微量铅的测定，且共存物不产生干扰。     

用DDTC—Zn作载体流动注射在线共沉淀预富集火焰原子吸收法测定人…

提出了在高酸度下流动性射在线共沉淀预富集－火焰原子吸收法测定痕量铅的新体系。在０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ介质中痕量铅与ＤＤＴＣ－Ｚｎ螯合物产生共沉淀。在线生成的沉淀物收集在编结反应器中，用甲基异丁酮溶解沉淀并直接引入火焰原子化器中进行测定。经４０ｓ富集，检测限为２．７μｇ／Ｌ，测定含量为２００μｇ／Ｌ的铅时，相对标准偏差为１．３％，建立的方法已成功地应用于人发标准参考物中和水样中痕量铅的测定。     

用DDTC-Zn作载体流动注射在线共沉淀预富集火焰原子吸收法测定人发和水样中的痕量铅

提出了在高酸度下流动注射在线共沉淀预富集－火焰原子吸收法测定痕量铅的新体系。在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中痕量铅与ＤＤＴＣ－Ｚｎ螯合物产生共沉淀。在线生成的沉淀物收集在编结反应器中，用甲基异丁酮溶解沉淀并直接引入火焰原子化器中进行测定。经４０ｓ富集，检测限为２．７μｇ／Ｌ。测定含量为２００μｇ／Ｌ的铅时，相对标准偏差为１．３％。建立的方法已成功地应用于人发标准参考物中和水样中痕量铅的测定     

流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定雪中的微量铅

建立了测定雪中微量铅的流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法。在优化条件下。测定铅的线性范围为0～52．0ng／mL，线性回归方程为A=0．018c 0．016，相关系数r=0．9995，检出限为0．2ng／mL。用于雪中微量铅的测定，加标回收率为94．2％～107．3％，相对标准偏差为1．47％～3．22％。该方法的测定结果与标准加入法基本一致。     

吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵-Ni(Ⅱ)快速共沉淀分离富集和原子吸收光谱法测定痕量铜、铅和镉

研究了用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)为沉淀剂,以Ni(Ⅱ)为载体离子的共沉淀体系快速共沉淀分离富集铜、铅和镉,并用火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定的方法。通常情况下,内标元素和载体离子选择不同的元素,本文尝试将Ni既作为载体又作为内标元素。实验证明,该体系在pH=3.0的条件下,能够定量共沉淀试样中的铜、铅和镉。当试液为100 mL时,铜、铅、镉的检出限分别为9.7×10-3、3.3×10-2,1.01×10-3μg.mL-1,加标回收率为95.8%~101.8%,取得了较为满意的结果。本法只需快速收集部分沉淀,与传统的共沉淀方法比较,具有快速、简便、重现性好的优点。     

应用内标的PAN-Ni体系快速共沉淀分离富集和火焰原子吸收光谱测定食盐中铅

应用1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(简写作PAN)-镍(Ⅱ)共沉淀体系,以锰(Ⅱ)为内标,在pH 9的氨性缓冲溶液中对食盐中痕量铅(Ⅱ)进行快速共沉淀富集,并用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅的含量,对共沉淀条件作了优选。在优化的条件下,试液中作为内标的锰(Ⅱ)及铅(Ⅲ)离子均定量地与PAN-Ni(Ⅱ)共沉淀析出。锰(Ⅱ)、铅(Ⅱ)及镍(Ⅱ)均匀地存在于沉淀中,而且在铅(Ⅱ)、锰(Ⅱ)之间或镍(Ⅱ)、锰(Ⅱ)之间存在着一定的比例关系。因此,根据共沉淀中铅(Pb1)及锰(Mn1)的吸光度APb1,AMn1的比值即可求得铅的含量(w%),原试样中铅含量(Pb0)可由下式计算:mPb0=APb1/AMn1.mMn0。试验结果表明,经过共沉淀分离,基体干扰已予消除。此方法的检出限为3.18×10-2mg.L-1。应用于3种不同来源的食盐的分析,算得铅含量测定值的RSD(n=6)均小于4.3%,回收率测得值在95.4%至101.6%之间。     

茶叶中痕量铅的催化光度法测定

研究了测定痕量铅的催化光度法。在pH 11.0的NH3-NH4C l缓冲溶液中,铅(Ⅱ)催化H2O2对氧化还原型酚酞褪色的反应。测定铅的线性范围为0.014~0.64 ng/mL,检出限为1.23×10-11g/mL。用于茶叶的测定,结果令人满意。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定食品中痕量铅

样品经硝酸和高氯酸分解后，加入磷酸二氢铵作基体改进剂测定铅，方法快捷，准确，经济，精密度≤14％，回收率92％～104％，检出限0．4ng／mL，用于多种食品中铅的测定，结果令人满意。     

镍—1—（2—吡啶偶氮）—2—萘酚共沉淀分离富集碱金属盐中痕量铅及铅？…

采用Ｎｉ－１－（２－吡啶偶氮）－２－萘酚在ｐＨ９．７溶液中共沉淀分离富集碱金属盐试剂中的痕量铅，用火焰原子吸收光谱测定，克服了基体干扰，取得了较为满意的结果。同时对共沉淀机理进行了初步的探讨，结果表明其属于吸附共沉淀类型。     

微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收法测定化妆品中的铅

建立了微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化妆品中铅的方法。探讨了样品前处理条件、基体改性剂的选择和优化、石墨炉升温条件等对测定结果的影响。在优化的试验条件下,铅的质量浓度在0~100 ng/mL范围内与吸光度具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.9991,检出限为0.33 ng/mL。用该法对5种化妆品中的铅进行测定,加标回收率在95.0%~106.1%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于3.6%。该方法可应用于化妆品中痕量铅的分析。     

Effect of 254 NM Irradiation on Mercury Vapor

Abstract

Some observations are reported on the decay of the mercury atomic concentration as a result of irradiation with 254 nm radiation. The rate of fall of the atomic absorption is linearly related to the intensity of incident 254 nm radiation. Some possible mechanisms are suggested.     

原子吸收光谱和原子发射光谱法测定酸雨中钾、钠、钙、镁方法比较

采用原子吸收光谱法和原子发射光谱法分别测定了酸雨中的钾、钠、钙、镁4种元素的含量,并对两种方法的样品前处理技术、标准曲线、方法检出限、准确度、精密度、干扰及消除等进行了比较研究。结果表明,两种方法无显著性差异,均可用于酸雨中钾、钠、钙、镁4种元素的测定。     

Combined use of atomic spectrometric methods in the analysis of rocks

Standard reference materials of limestone, granite and argillite were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XFS), flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS and G-AAS), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The major elements Al, Ca, Fe, Si and Ti were determined by XFS and ICP-AES. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the concentrations of the corresponding oxides obtained by XFS and ICP-AES were (1.36±0.51)% (n=18) and (1.30±0.70)% (n=17), respectively, on the average. The relative deviations (RD) from the certified values were (1.29±3.01)% (n=18) and (–0.69±5.48)% (n=14), respectively, on the average. The numbers in parentheses are the numbers of the single RSD- and RD-values used for the calculation of the averages and the relative standard deviations. Some minor and trace elements of the standard reference materials were determined by G-AAS and ICP-AES. The precision (RSD) was markedly better in the case of ICP-AES. On the other hand, the accuracy (RD) of both methods was about the same (7%). Apparently, the precision and the accuracy are primarily determined by the measuring technique and the sample pretreatment procedure, respectively. The analytical power of the combined use of atomic spectrometric methods is also discussed.     

Atomic decomposition of identity: General formalism for population analysis and energy decomposition

The concept of “atomic resolution of identity” has been introduced, leading to a very simple general formalism for generating different decomposition schemes of molecular quantities. Thus, different population analysis and energy partitioning schemes can be treated as special cases of a common framework. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

Experimental Parameters Affecting the Intensity of Cadmium Electrodeless Discharge Lamps

Abstract

Several experimental parameters have been found to affect the intensity of microwave excited electrodeless discharge emission at the cadmium resonance line (228.8 nm.). A thorough study of the effect of pressure of the fill gas, microwave power applied to the tube; and weight of Cd introduced into the tube has been accomplished. Direct comparisons of Cd resonance emission for the cases of He, Ne, Ar and air fill gases are presented. From these studies preductions of optimum conditions for construction and operation of Cd electrodeless discharge lamps may be made.     

分子轨道成分的计算

量子化学文献中经常涉及到“分子轨道成分”概念, 然而相应的计算方法却没有普遍得到重视, 甚至存在严重误区. 专门对分子轨道中基函数的成分、原子轨道的成分以及原子的成分这些基本概念和计算方法进行了详细讨论, 通过实例分析比较了不同方法间的差异, 同时指出了计算和分析时需要注意的问题, 给出了在方法选择上的建议.     

原子光谱法测量火焰温度

火焰温度的准确测量一直是重要的研究课题,对于构建燃烧模型、探究原子化机理、燃烧反应机理和减少燃烧过程中污染物的排放等具有重要意义。非接触式测温法因对火焰燃烧状态几乎无干扰受到特别关注,是火焰温度测量的重要技术手段,其中原子光谱法由于其固有的非接触式特性及谱线简单、光谱信号强、操作简便等优点,在高温诊断领域中得到了广泛的关注和应用。原子光谱法测温是根据处于不同能级的原子光谱信号结合热力学平衡状态下的玻尔兹曼能级分布来进行火焰温度的测量。按照采集的原子光谱信号的来源,原子光谱法可分为原子吸收光谱法、原子发射光谱法和原子荧光光谱法3类。该文简述了原子光谱相关测温方法的原理、发展及应用,包括原子吸收光谱双线法、原子发射光谱双线法、多谱线斜率法(玻尔兹曼图解法)与原子荧光光谱双线法等。     

原子吸收光谱和原子发射光谱法测定工业废水中的总铬

为了探讨原子吸收光谱法和原子发射光谱法测定工业废水中的总铬分析方法的异同,分别采用两种方法对工业废水中的总铬进行了对比分析,对样品前处理方法,方法的标准曲线、检出限、准确度、精密度、干扰及消除等进行了比较,并对两种方法的测定结果进行t检验。结果表明,两种方法具有良好的一致性。相对来说,原子发射光谱法各方面指标要优于原子吸收光谱法。     

Emission Characteristics of Jet Configurations for Jet-Boosted Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Comparisons of emission characteristics and analytical performance have been made between three types of jet configuration. These include cone-jet configuration, six-jet configuration, and cylinder-jet configuration. The cone-jet configuration shows the highest emission intensity among all jet configurations. Regardless of the jet configuration, the Cu II 224.70 nm emission line was found to be the most dominant of all Cu emission lines. The intensity ratios of the resonance line Cu I 324.75 to a nonresonance line Cu I 282.44 nm was 1.3 for the six-jet configuration, 2.3 for the cylinder jet, and 2.8 for the cone jet. This may indicate that self-absorption was significant in six-jet configuration. The effects of main and auxiliary gas flow rates on the emission characteristics for the cone jet configuration were also investigated. The intensity of Cu I at 324.75 and 327.40 nm decreases about 30% when the gas flow rate increased from 0 to 150 ml/min, while the intensities of Cu II 224.70 nm and the UV–Visible Cu I 510.55-, 515.32-, and 521.82-nm lines increased by a factor of 2 to 3. The decrease in intensity of the resonance line relative to the Cu II and Cu I green lines may be caused by self-absorption. The cone-jet and six-jet configurations show comparable values of precision, linearity, and detection limits, while the cylinder-jet configuration provides the worst analytical performance among three types of jet configurations. The linearity of the calibration curve was the worst in the six-jet configuration due to self-absorption.