一种欠约束丝牵引并联机构工作空间的分析方法

针对光学悬丝吊架试验台系统应用的六丝牵引的并联机构,提出了运用维数缩减法求解欠约束六自由度并联机构工作空间的方法,并利用提出的衡量工作空间质量的评价指标ks,通过Matlab仿真分析了机构结构参数及预紧力系数等对其工作空间的影响趋势,最后经过多次计算对比,得出机构各参数的最优组合,获得最大工作空间,从而为下一步的实际测试试验奠定基础。     

柔性质心测量方法及不确定度评定

为了实现大尺寸飞行器质心的测量,提出了一种柔性质心测量方法。对该方法的重力作用线测量、坐标转换、质心合成等问题进行了研究并进行了不确定度分析。首先,测量被测件在任意一个状态下质心在测量设备中的投影,建立通过该投影的重力作用线并通过坐标转换将重力作用线转换到被测件坐标系下。然后,将被测件旋转或倾斜任意一个角度,测量该状态下重力作用线并转换到被测件坐标系中,通过求得两条重力作用线的交点获得质心。最后,采用蒙特卡洛仿真分析法对该测量方法进行了不确定度评定。仿真分析表明,该方法的测量误差≤0.3mm,实验结果表明,质心测量误差≤0.3mm,可以在被测件与测量设备相对位置关系未知的情况下实现质心的高精度测量。     

多高度小零件视觉测量方法设计

设计一种综合应用激光三角法和二维机器视觉测量技术测量方法,实现对多高度小零件二维几何尺寸的测量。首先在测量高度范围内,利用线结构光进行高度测量标定,采用多项式拟合建立线结构光成像位置与高度的关系;用精密圆形靶标对不同高度平面进行二维尺寸标定,分别考虑不同高度平面坐标系映射到图像坐标系后光学放大率不同和坐标系间的不平行,CCD摄像机阵列垂直方向与水平方向不一定垂直的情况,以及光学镜头畸变等得到不同平面所在高度的二维尺寸测量标定参数,由此建立起各二维尺寸标定参数和高度的函数关系。对具有不同高度的小零件进行测量,并与三坐标测量机结果进行比对,多次测量的高度最大误差小于0.032mm,二维尺寸最大误差均小于0.08mm。     

基于BP和RBF网络结合的相位测量轮廓术系统标定

相位测量轮廓术(PMP)是目前众多光学三维测量方法中比较成熟可靠的一种,其系统标定包括Z和(X,Y)坐标标定.在借鉴传统标定方法优缺点的基础上,提出了一种基于BP和RBF神经网络结合的PMP系统面内标定新方法,该方法将黑白棋盘图案在有效视场内沿世界坐标系Z轴多次放置,获取数据样本.在BP网络对数据样本进行训练和仿真后,利用RBF网络对误差数据进行训练和测试.实验中,BP网络训练步数仅为21步,RBF网络测试样本的平均距离误差仅为0.008 mm,此方法具有较高的标定效率和标定精度.     

ICF靶场坐标系的建立及其监测方法

提出了一种新的惯性约束聚变(ICF)靶场坐标系建立及传递的方法并设计了一种高精度光学标准靶。研制了三台光学视觉监测仪,介绍了监测仪的工作原理及光学系统设计。最后,介绍了标定方法,进行了实验并对试验结果做了分析。分析表明,靶场坐标系监测系统的综合精度为±3.28 μm。结果指出,该坐标系建立及传递的方法简单可行,监测系统精度较高,可以满足靶场系统对试验靶的引导要求。     

航空发动机质量特性参数建模与分析

为准确掌握航空发动机整机质量特性,基于齐次坐标变换方法,建立了一种发动机整机质量特性参数的数学模型。根据合力之矩定理,建立了发动机整机质量特性参数的基础理论模型,分析了影响整机质心计算精度的特征参数;采用机器人学中的齐次坐标变换方法,建立了任意局部坐标系下零部件质心的空间几何模型,建立了局部坐标系相对于主坐标系的变换矩阵,从而建立了精确的零部件质心数学模型。采用算例对模型进行了验证与分析,分析结果表明:该数学模型能够精确的计算发动机各零部件质心参数,模型简单,计算精度高。     

新型质心测量系统及测量方法研究

通过分析多质点称量法与不平衡力矩测质心法,针对本质心测量系统的工作特点,以天平原理与不平衡力矩理论为依据,对高精度质心测量方法进行了探讨。采用十字刀口与升降台结构和称重传感器技术,汲取上述两种方法的优点,形成新型测量机构与方法。利用Visual Basic软件设计了控制系统的操作界面,解算出质心测量系统的算法方程,得到所求物体的质心偏心距与不平衡力矩,并进行了误差分析。结合现有的形心测量技术,研制了一种新型的质心测量系统。     

激光测量标定机器人坐标系位姿变换的正交化解算

针对大型装备智能制造中的机器人在线位姿激光跟踪测量与实时引导需求,提出了一种机器人坐标系与激光测量坐标系标定转换和解算方法。设计了基于距离原则的机器人末端光学工具中心点TCP(Tool Center Point)位置标定算法。通过运用空间点坐标重心化配置算法和基于罗德里格矩阵变换的最小二乘优化算法解算出了具有单位正交性的位姿变换旋转矩阵。进行了机器人坐标系位姿变换激光测量标定和优化对比实验,旋转矩阵初值和正交优化值进行点坐标转换后的综合RMSE分别为0.579 0mm和0.501 5mm。结果表明该方法能够有效改进姿态旋转矩阵正交性,并提高位姿变换解算精度。     

基于坐标配准的牙颌测量点云拼合技术研究

针对牙颌等待测物非接触式光学三维测量,提出了一种融入标定功能的夹具设计方法,实现了测量过程中待测物与标定靶的空间一致性;定义了单目视觉测量过程涉及到的坐标系统;提出了一种基于坐标配准的点云拼合技术,简化了点云拼合流程,实现了点云拼合理论零误差;应用张正友标定方法对摄像机进行了标定;通过实验验证,得到了具有一定精度的牙颌三维模型点云拼合数据,实现了较快的测量速度,为提高牙颌测量系统的整体精度提供了有力支撑。     

基于双平行平面相机模型的钢板尺寸视觉测量

提出基于双平行平面相机模型的视觉测量方法,用于测量生产线上运动钢板的尺寸。该方法采用数据驱动的方式计算像点在标定平面上投影点的世界坐标;采用k近邻(k-NN)方法生成目标在标定平面上的无畸变投影图像,并建立投影图像与世界坐标系的直接关联。提出了双平行平面模型下相机光心位置标定算法,利用线结构光进行板材厚度测量;在无畸变的投影图像上利用钢板边缘间的平行和垂直性进行钢板边缘特征提取,通过边缘直线的世界坐标方程求取长宽尺寸。最后,给出了针对大尺寸钢板测量的多相机测量系统框架。提出的方法为单目视觉测量方法,相比于其他方法具有现场安装简单和标定工作量小的特点。通过图像分辨率为640×480的相机对尺寸为80mm×50mm×15mm的标准铝块进行了测量,结果显示:厚度测量误差为0.1mm,长度和宽度的误差在0.2mm以内。实际应用中测量精度远高于加工精度,能够满足产品计量的要求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.