河湖岸线监测管理系统设计与实现

针对当前河湖岸线监管效率不高及监管手段信息化程度不足等现状,以泰州引江河为试点河道,设计和开发一套河湖岸线监测管理系统。系统基于B/S架构,结合倾斜摄影测量、低空航测遥感、地理信息系统和空间数据库等技术,通过三维场景实时渲染、量测和空间分析等方式,发现并记录河湖岸线监管范围内存在的违规违章等问题事项,为水管单位进行日常管理及相关决策提供技术支持。系统同时支持多角色账户管理,提供公众参与入口,可有效提升多部门间协同工作效率。     

基于河湖长制的河湖岸线智慧监管方案设计——以珠江三角洲河网区为例

水域岸线的管理与保护是推行河湖长制工作方案的主要任务之一,为实现河湖岸线的智慧监管,提高河湖长的管河治河能力,以广州市为例,对当前河湖长制下的河湖岸线监管工作进行分析,梳理了在河湖岸线监管方面存在的局限性,总结了河湖岸线智慧监管的工作需求。根据河湖长制河湖岸线智慧监管的实际需求,结合天地一体化监测技术及大数据分析技术,针对珠江三角洲河网区的河道特性,设计了针对不同管理河段、不同监管问题,融合多元监管技术的河湖岸线智慧监管方案,以期为推动河湖长制河湖岸线智慧监管系统的构建与落实提供科学指导。     

基于WebGIS的河湖岸线利用现状调查系统的设计与实现

通过设计河湖岸线利用现状调查系统,分析了河湖岸线利用现状调查任务要点、重难点,提出一种基于信息化手段的线上初查、线下核查、线上填报调查方案,全面高效地摸清了全省河湖岸线利用现状;为河湖岸线利用现状调查提供一种技术参考,可进一步助推河湖治理保护高质量发展。图6幅。     

基于无人机VR全景的水域岸线监管数字孪生系统研究

目前,人工巡查、自动监测站、无人机、卫星遥感等监测手段已广泛应用于河湖岸线监管业务,但这些成果数据的展示与管理仍存在展示形式单一、不能反映岸线真实场景、无法掌控岸线全局等问题.为提升监测数据管理能力,提出了一种数字孪生系统,通过无人机获取河道及其岸线的全景图及全景视频,并结合VR技术,实现水域岸线监管,提供VR全景下的...     

河湖岸线洲滩利用对河湖功能影响研究进展

为了实现河湖岸线的保护与高效利用,需要加强河湖岸线洲滩利用对河湖功能影响的研究,提高认识水平。主要综述了河湖岸线利用模式及主控因子、河湖功能与岸线洲滩相互影响以及河湖岸线洲滩利用管理与策略研究等3个方面的研究现状。总结了分别考虑自然和社会功能的河湖岸线利用模式分类方法,初步厘清了河湖功能与岸线洲滩相互影响的研究思路,综合提出了岸线资源化管理、可持续利用2个指导思想和岸线利用"零增长"模式、岸线资源"节约型"、河湖功能"友好型"3点建议。研究可为河湖岸线的保护与高效利用提出更好的研究思想与解决方案。     

河湖水生态信息监测智能无人船的应用研究

针对河湖水生态信息动态监管设计的一款可自主航行和智能作业无人船,集成了水质、水文传感器和水生生物全息显微观测系统等设备在无人船平台上,实时动态监测河湖水生态多项指标,弥补现有定点监测手段"覆盖面不全,建设成本巨大"的不足,实现河湖水生态监管自动化、智能化,在河湖监管领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于无人机与3S技术的鹤地水库水政监管系统开发与应用

借助现代信息技术手段提高水库水政监管的效率与水平,进而为水库水政执法提供科学依据,是当前新形势下的必然选择。以鹤地水库为例,综合采用无人机航测、地图缓存、遥感水质参数反演以及“互联网+”技术研发了一套完整的水库水政监管系统,实现“空天地”一体化的水库水资源监控目标,以更好地辅助库区管理和水政执法,维护库区生态平衡,保障水库生产生活用水安全。系统的实际应用表明,该监管平台在实现海量、多源、异构数据整合的基础上,能对库区范围内的各类水事行为、水质安全状况、水库运行状态起到高效、动态、全面的把握与监管,使得库区管理和水政执法更加科学、准确、及时、高效。研究成果可为全面提升水库水政监管的能力和水平提供参考。     

上海市重要河湖岸线保护与利用规划编制研究

针对上海市河湖岸线在开发使用上存在的重开发利用,轻岸线保护的问题,通过河湖岸线的功能分区,能够有效解决岸线保护与开发的矛盾,在保护中有序开发、在开发中落实保护。为此,文章在分析上海市重要河湖岸线保护与利用的现状及问题基础上,合理划定临水边界线和外缘边界线,对岸线进行合理的功能分区,为河湖岸线管理提供了科学的规划依据,有利于河湖岸线的有效保护与合理利用。     

基于InSAR相干系数的河湖岸线水事活动监测

及时发现河湖岸线水事活动对监管河湖岸线、维护河湖健康具有重要意义。选取黄河小北干流4期Radarsat-2遥感影像形成2期干涉像对,对干涉数据进行数据预处理生成相干系数图。利用地物的干涉相干特性,采用差值阈值法获取河湖岸线水事活动疑似"热点"图斑,以同期高分辨率可见光遥感影像为验证数据对结果进行验证和分析。结果表明,基于相干系数变化可以成功发现河道临河房屋建设、堆放、占用等水事活动,利用该方法进行河道水事活动监测是可行的。     

基于微信公众平台的水利工程监管技术研究

工程监管是水利建设中的重要环节,如何利用互联网+解决水利工程监管难题是各方关注的管理热点。针对现行水利工程监管手段存在的不足,即成本高,周期长,数据采集、上报和传播不及时、受限制,以及未能充分引导和利用社会公众力量共同参与监督等情况,提出了基于微信公众平台的监管技术研究。采用移动互联网和微信技术,开发无需安装、即扫即用的微信公众平台。通过该平台,监管人员和社会公众采用通过移动智能终端扫描二维码,就能简单地使用定位、拍照和录像等方式随时随地采集信息,动态监管在建和已建水利工程,及时发现和上报疑似违法、违章、违规行为。同时,提出了一种新的水利工程监管模式和更便捷的监管手段,使工程监管更科学和高效。     

依托岸线规划浅析金沟河岸线资源利用

金沟河岸线保护和利用规划纳入了新疆重点河湖岸线保护与利用规划。文章介绍了金沟河岸线保护与利用规划的编制情况,分析了金沟河岸线规划布局的特点,指出了金沟河岸线保护与利用过程中存在的问题,针对问题给出了合理保护与科学利用岸线资源建设性的意见和解决方案。     

基于熵权-逼近理想解排序法的河长制实施效果评价

为科学量化评价河长制实施效果,提升河湖管理效能,利用2012—2021年相关数据建立了包括1个目标层、6个准则层、17个评价指标的评价体系,利用熵权法确定评价指标权重,采用逼近理想解排序法定量评价安庆市河长制实施效果,运用障碍度模型识别影响河长制实施效果的关键指标,2012—2021年安庆市河长制实施效果综合评价分值从0.21上升至0.78。结果表明河长制管理水平呈不断提高趋势,水域岸线管控及执法监管工作正面效果逐年凸显,水环境治理与水污染防治还需有针对性地加强。评价方法适用于安庆市河长制绩效考核研究,可为其他区域河长制考核评价提供借鉴。     

河流岸线开发适宜性及发展潜力研究

河流岸线对河流沿线生物栖息、调蓄径流、蓄泄洪水等均具有重要意义,因此,应根据河流岸线特点来分析岸线资源开发的适宜性及发展潜力,探究河流岸线科学分类方法及开发阈值。针对河流岸线纵向及横向空间特征建立了评价指标体系,利用多准则多目标的数学方法,对岸线资源开发的适宜性进行了综合评价。在此基础上,以康县燕子河为实例进行了研究,即将河流岸线分为保护区、保留区、控制利用生产岸线、控制利用生活岸线、控制利用生态岸线、开发生产岸线、开发生活岸线以及开发生态岸线共8种发展适宜功能区,对其岸线适宜性功能定位及开发阈值进行了研究。研究结果表明:8个发展适宜功能区中,保护区和保留区不宜开发建设,控制利用区和开发利用区的开发阈值分别为60%～70%,70%～85%,发展潜力分别为40%～50%,90%～100%。研究结果可为岸线因地制宜发展、精细化管理及河流岸线资源的可持续开发利用提供一定的科学依据。     

Fish community structure associated with stabilized and unstabilized shoreline habitats,Coeur d'Alene River,Idaho, USA

Stabilization of riverbanks and lake shorelines has become widely used to reduce erosion. Studies on effects of stabilization on fish species and communities have indicated highly variable effects from beneficial to detrimental. Bank stabilization implemented to reduce shoreline erosion of metals‐contaminated sediments in the lower Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, prompted concern of possible effects on the fish community. Fish sampling (electrofishing and gillnetting) and habitat assessment were conducted at 24 sites in the lower 54 km of river during 2005 and 2006 to assess differences in the fish community (relative abundance, species diversity and community composition) at stabilized and unstabilized shorelines. Within stabilized and unstabilized shorelines we evaluated seasonal differences as well as upstream and downstream differences. We captured 3511 fish from 17 species and 7 families; 83% of fish were captured by electrofishing. Fish relative abundance was significantly higher at stabilized than unstabilized sites for electrofishing. We also found positive correlations between relative abundance and diameter of rock at stabilized sites for both sampling gears. Three species (brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, northern pike Esox lucius and pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus) were captured more readily at stabilized shoreline sites. Seasonally, the differences in relative abundance among habitat types indicate that stabilized structures are providing stable habitat year‐round. Overall, stabilized shorelines on the lower Coeur d'Alene River were not found to be adversely affecting overall fish relative abundance, diversity and species composition under the existing low fraction (2.5%) of bank stabilization. Based on these results and reviews of other studies, we suggest that two factors affecting the results of bank stabilization studies are (i) the habitat quality of the unstabilized river, and (ii) the percentage of the river that has been stabilized. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nearshore Community Characteristics Related to Shoreline Properties in the Great Lakes

Successful protection and restoration of Great Lakes nearshore ecosystems will likely rely on management of terrestrial resources along Great Lakes shorelines. However, relationships between biological communities and changing shoreline environmental properties are poorly understood. We sought to begin understanding the potential roles of shoreline geomorphological and land cover properties in structuring nearshore biological communities in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Despite high variability in densities (benthic macroinvertebrates and zooplankton) and catch per unit effort (CPUE, shallow water and nearshore fish) within and among lake areas, several biological community patterns emerged to suggest that nearshore aquatic communities respond to shoreline features via the influences of these features on nearshore substrate composition and stability. Benthic macroinvertebrate densities were not different between shoreline types, although they were generally lower at nearshore sites with less stable substrates. Shallow water fish CPUE and zooplankton densities were generally lower for nearshore areas adjacent to developed mid-bluff shorelines and sites characterized by less stable substrates. Larger fish CPUE appeared to be unresponsive to local shoreline and substrate properties of nearshore zones. The emergence of these patterns despite significant ecological differences among lake areas (e.g., productivity, community composition, etc.) suggests that shoreline development may have comparable influences on nearshore ecosystems throughout the Great Lakes, providing a terrestrialbased indicator of relative nearshore biological and ecological integrity.     

Comparison of the distribution and degradation of plastic debris along shorelines of the Great Lakes,North America

The distribution patterns, compositions and textures of plastic debris along the Lake Erie and St. Clair shorelines were studied in order to determine the roles of potential source locations, surface currents, and shoreline types in the accumulation of plastic litter. The results were compared with those previously determined from Lake Huron, where abundant plastic pellets characterize the southeastern shoreline. Lake Erie and St. Clair shorelines contained some pellets, but were mainly characterized by plastic fragments and intact products, respectively. The potential sources for the pellets include spillage within factories or during transport and off-loading; whereas intact products were derived from urban waste. Once entering the lake environment, low density floating polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene were degraded by UVB radiation at either the water surface or once deposited on shorelines. Mechanical degradation by wave action and/or sand abrasion fragmented intact products into cm-size particles. Certain textures identified on the surfaces of plastic particles could be related to the nature of the depositional environment. Plastics sampled from infrequently visited muddy, organic-rich shorelines were characterized by more adhering particles and less mechanical pits than those from sandy shorelines. In terms of relative distribution, the Lake St. Clair shoreline contained the least amount of plastic debris of the three lakes. This is a function of the breakwaters and retaining walls built along Lake St. Clair, which replace natural sandy or muddy sinks for floating polymers. This study represents the first detailed record of plastics distribution along multiple, but related fresh water shorelines.     

Northernmost (?) Glacial Lake Algonquin Series Shorelines,Sudbury Basin,Ontario

Shorelines of Lake Algonquin, the largest of the glacial lakes of the Great Lakes area, are well known in southern Ontario, but are sporadic and difficult to trace northward onto the Precambrian shield. Improved knowledge of the extent and uplift pattern for Algonquin shorelines is needed to support geophysical models of isostatic response, interpretation of glacial and glacial lake history, and the search by archeologists for evidence of Paleoindian activity, shown to be localized along its shoreline. The Sudbury basin is one of the few areas of mapping of Quaternary geology on the Canadian shield that provides a record of Algonquin lake phases. Meltwaters from the northward-receding ice front formed a series of deltas southward into the Sudbury basin in central Ontario around the time the Cartier I moraine was deposited. Instrumental surveys of deltas, bars, and shorebluffs carried out in the northern Sudbury basin delineate several discrete water planes. Correlation with previously surveyed and correlated shorelines on Manitoulin Island, southwest of Sudbury, indicates the presence of an upper Algonquin shoreline and features correlated to the Cedar Point, Payette, Sheguiandah, and Korah levels. Features southwest of the Sudbury basin at Nairn correlate with Korah and post-Korah water levels. Land between Nairn and Sudbury is too elevated to have been reached by the later Nipissing transgression. Similar shoreline sequences have been surveyed near North Bay, with results supporting the findings of this study.     

基于互联网社交媒体的“河湖长制”舆情分析系统构建

微博作为目前主流的互联网社交媒体,群众可在其上随时随地发布“河湖长制”相关的事件信息。通过微博对感兴趣事件进行提取与分类可以有效提高“河湖长制”管理过程中问题事件的发现与解决效率,并针对群众对河湖岸线管理状态评价进行有效的监测与分析。随着“互联网+”技术在河湖长制中发挥巨大作用,对微博社交大数据在“河湖长制”管理工作中的应用进行了探讨,基于互联网社交媒体中含有的大量关于“河湖长制”事件的文字描述信息,提出了微博社交文本信息挖掘系统框架,采用互联网爬取技术和语义分析技术抓取关于“河湖长制”事件的新闻和公众信息,并对事件进行识别,提取时间、位置和事件类型等标签,最后进行数据挖掘分析情感倾向。以2018年6月至2020年12月微博上珠江河网区数据为实例,情感分析模型在测试集上的事件分类准确率为88.6%,证明该模型具有一定的可用性。该舆情分析系统可极大提高了“河湖长制”管理效率。     

Municipal Land Use Regulation and the Great Lakes Shoreline Hazard in Ontario

The application of the Ontario municipal land use planning process to the Great Lakes shoreline flood and erosion hazard during the decade following high lake levels of 1973 is assessed. Zoning bylaws and other planning documents for twenty selected shoreline municipalities were examined. Development occurring within the 100-year flood and erosion zone of each municipality was determined using air photos and municipal building permit files. By 1983 all study municipalities had recognized the shoreline hazard in their planning documents but only a minority had comprehensive development controls in place. During the 1973–82 period, an average 37.5 percent increase in development in the hazard zone among the municipalities was measured. While some of this development was permitted on condition of flood proofing or installation of erosion control works, more can be done to minimize an increase in hazard susceptibility. The study lends support to a recent Ontario government initiative designating regional conservation authorities as implementing agencies for shoreline hazard management.