甲型H1N1与季节性H1N1流感病毒检测基因芯片的制备与初步应用

建立DNA微列阵技术检测甲型H1N1和季节性H1N1流感病毒的方法,进而探讨该方法用于检测临床标本的可行性。通过生物医学数据库甲型H1N1流感病毒及季节性H1N1亚型流感HA与NA基因进行检索和筛选,应用分子生物学软件,进行序列分析、引物及探针设计,并进行验证。试验所设计的探针可以对甲型H1N1流感与季节性H1N1流感病毒进行区分,用该方法检测了长春市CDC送检的6份疑似甲型H1N1流感病毒临床病例,4份阳性,检测结果同实时荧光定量PCR方法一致。结果表明,利用本研究建立的DNA微列阵技术检测甲型H1N1流感病毒方法,特异性和敏感性强,可作为甲型H1N1流感病毒临床标本检测方法。     

抗猪甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与特性分析

本研究旨在制备猪甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素(HA)蛋白的特异性单克隆抗体.采用RT-PCR方法扩增猪甲型H1N1流感病毒的HA基因,将其克隆至真核表达载体pCAGGS上,获得重组质粒pCAGGS-HA,转染293T细胞,通过间接免疫荧光(IFA)检测表明HA蛋白在293T细胞中得到表达.将pCAGGS-HA以100 μg·只-1剂量免疫5周龄BALB/c小鼠,获得4株稳定分泌抗HA蛋白单克隆抗体(MAb)的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为11G7、3C10、3G3和2B11.其中11G7诱导小鼠产生的腹水HI效价为14log2,中和效价为1:8 192,HI试验结果进一步表明11G7只与甲型H1N1流感病毒发生反应,而不与其他H1N1、H1N2、H3N2、H5N1及H9N2亚型流感病毒反应.该MAb的制备将为建立猪甲型H1N1流感病毒与传统亚型SIV的鉴别诊断方法奠定基础.     

BTV核酸检测能力验证样品制备及其应用评价

为了解国内蓝舌病病毒(bluetongue virus,BTV)核酸检测的整体水平,督促实验室保持和提高BTV核酸检测的能力,设计和实施了"CNCA-15-A02《蓝舌病病毒核酸检测》能力验证计划"。本次能力验证制备了BTV阴性,强阳性和弱阳性样品。无菌采集健康山羊抗凝血加少量TRIzol后制备阴性样品;将BTV1型细胞培养物通过TRIzol处理灭活病毒后,用阴性样品做适当稀释制备了BTV强阳性和弱阳性样品;均匀性和稳定性检验证实样品均达到中国合格评定国家认可委员会对能力验证样品的要求。将能力验证样品编号后通过快递的方式下发给参试实验室,共有21个省、市的31实验室参加了本次能力验证活动,其中1家实验室选用了套式RT-PCR进行检测,其余30家均选用荧光RT-PCR方法,报送结果经比对验证均为满意,满意率达100%。本次能力验证对提升我国BTV的检测水平和评估各级实验室检测能力具有重要意义,为我国蓝舌病的诊断和防控工作提供技术保障。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒及其疫苗研究热点

2009年4月初,北美爆发一种新型甲型(H1N1)流感病毒,并通过各种途径迅速传播,引起了全球极大的恐慌。文章介绍了历史上历次甲型流感大流行,流感的分类与生物学特性,甲型H1N1流感的病原学特点和分子特征,甲型H1N1流感的传染源、传染性、传染途径和传染方式,甲型H1N1流感的临床特征和严重危害。最后指出疫苗是最经济有效的预防流感的手段,国内生产疫苗主要使用鸡胚作为生产基质,筛选出高丰度的流感病毒适应性细胞将成为研究的热点。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒实验室生物风险评估

根据目前掌握的资料,从生物学特性、流行特点、临床表现以及实验室活动等方面对甲型H1N1流感病毒做了初步的风险评估,以期为从事甲型H1N1病毒有关操作的实验室做好相关的风险评估及生物安全防护工作提供依据。     

焦磷酸测序技术在确证猪甲型H1N1流感病毒中的应用

目的本研究旨在通过对猪甲型H1N1流感病毒进行序列信息分析的基础上,利用焦磷酸测序技术建立一种快速、简单地确证猪甲型H1N1流感病毒的方法。方法通过序列信息比对,设计H1HA和N1NA基因保守区段的扩增引物及测序引物。从感染猪甲型H1N1病毒的鸡胚尿囊液中提取病毒RNA,RT-PCR扩增目的基因片段,采用焦磷酸测序技术(PSQ)针对HA基因和NA基因进行保守核苷酸区段的测序分析。利用扩增引物与其他猪源病毒进行特异性试验,利用测序引物进行重复性试验。将该方法与病毒分离和荧光定量RT-PCR方法做临床样品的平行检测,并比较结果。结果通过序列信息比对寻找到表征H1N1亚型的核苷酸保守区段,经焦磷酸测序后能进一步确证毒株的序列信息为猪甲型H1N1流感病毒。特异性试验表明,不与其他猪源病毒发生交叉反应;重复性试验表明,重现性为100%。对221份临床样品检测表明,病毒分离鉴定与焦磷酸测序方法结果符合率为96.8%,与TaqMan荧光定量方法检测结果符合率90.3%。经统计学分析,焦磷酸测序确证与病毒分离鉴定在检测临床样品上,两者差异不显著。结论基于序列分析的焦磷酸测序技术可以作为进一步确证方法使用。     

甲型H1N1流感的特点及其防控

甲型H1N1流感病毒是2009年3月墨西哥出现的一种新型流感病毒。此后不久,这种病毒造成世界范围内的蔓延。论文分析总结了甲型H1N1流感病毒与1918年流感病毒的相似性以及表现出的新特点,归纳了这种病毒的潜在危害性。此外,介绍了甲型H1N1流感的防控策略,主要包括加强猪群监控,流感疫苗和抗流感病毒药物治疗。     

甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立与评价

自甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒于2009年在世界多个国家暴发流行后,许多国家的猪群中检测到该病毒的存在,因此建立快速准确的甲型H1N1流感病毒的检测方法成为迫切需求。本研究针对甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒NA基因设计特异性引物和探针,建立甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒特异性实时荧光RT-PCR快速检测方法。并将该方法与WHO推荐美国CDC建立的检测方法和美国农业部推荐的检测方法进行比较。通过田间试验验证该方法在实际应用中的效果。结果表明:本研究建立的方法对检测甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗的灵敏度达到10-6,与WHO推荐的A型流感病毒实时荧光PCR检测方法的灵敏度一致,并且高于美国农业部推荐方法的检测灵敏度(10-5);该方法特异性强,与经典型H1N1和其他亚型流感病毒株无任何交叉反应。与香港兽医化验所进行了检测比对,检测灵敏度和特异性完全一致。近3 800份的田间试验表明,所建立的方法准确可靠。本研究所建立检测方法快速灵敏,检测结果准确可靠,适合用于甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒的分子生物学检测和监测。     

伪狂犬病病毒核酸检测能力验证样品制备及其应用

能力验证样品的制备是实验室病原核酸检测能力验证的难点和核心内容,本研究以伪狂犬病病毒南阳株细胞培养物为材料,通过高温处理的方式灭活病毒,研制了伪狂犬病病毒核酸检测的能力验证样品,经均匀性和稳定性检验证实样品达到中国合格评定国家认可委员会对能力验证样品的要求。利用能力验证样品,设计和实施了"BIQTC-2013-01《猪伪狂犬病病毒核酸检测》能力验证计划",共有7家实验室参试,验证满意率达100%。伪狂犬病病毒核酸检测能力验证样品的研制和在能力验证计划中的应用,为评估我国各级实验室伪狂犬病病毒核酸检测的能力提供了较有价值的借鉴和参考。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒NS1蛋白核仁定位的研究

为研究2009年甲型H1N1流感病毒的NS1蛋白的核仁定位情况,采用RT-PCR对其NS1基因进行了扩增,将其克隆至PEGX-KG载体,构建重组质粒KG-NS1,转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白.然后采用GST柱亲和层析方法纯化NS1重组蛋白,免疫家兔来制备多抗,Western blot检测抗体.通过间接免疫荧光对表达不同长度NS1 (NS1-219、NS1-230、NS1-237)的3种重组流感病毒进行了核仁定位的研究,3种重组毒的NS1蛋白存在于细胞核和细胞质,但都不能定位于核仁,说明NS1蛋白的截短与否并不影响其核仁定位,其生物学意义有待于进一步研究.     

Experimental infection with H1N1 European swine influenza virus protects pigs from an infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 human influenza virus

The recent pandemic caused by human influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009 contains ancestral gene segments from North American and Eurasian swine lineages as well as from avian and human influenza lineages. The emergence of this A(H1N1) 2009 poses a potential global threat for human health and the fact that it can infect other species, like pigs, favours a possible encounter with other influenza viruses circulating in swine herds. In Europe, H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes of swine influenza virus currently have a high prevalence in commercial farms. To better assess the risk posed by the A(H1N1) 2009 in the actual situation of swine farms, we sought to analyze whether a previous infection with a circulating European avian-like swine A/Swine/Spain/53207/2004 (H1N1) influenza virus (hereafter referred to as SwH1N1) generated or not cross-protective immunity against a subsequent infection with the new human pandemic A/Catalonia/63/2009 (H1N1) influenza virus (hereafter referred to as pH1N1) 21 days apart. Pigs infected only with pH1N1 had mild to moderate pathological findings, consisting on broncho-interstitial pneumonia. However, pigs inoculated with SwH1N1 virus and subsequently infected with pH1N1 had very mild lung lesions, apparently attributed to the remaining lesions caused by SwH1N1 infection. These later pigs also exhibited boosted levels of specific antibodies. Finally, animals firstly infected with SwH1N1 virus and latter infected with pH1N1 exhibited undetectable viral RNA load in nasal swabs and lungs after challenge with pH1N1, indicating a cross-protective effect between both strains.     

H5N1虎源流感病毒荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及临床应用

根据本室分离获得的虎源H5N1流感病毒的HA基因序列测定结果,结合GenBank中报道的H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因序列进行同源性比较分析,选择保守序列区作为扩增区域,利用Primer5·0引物设计软件和BLAST软件程序设计出特异性扩增引物。采用成本较低、不需要特异探针引物、优化周期短,能区分病毒变异株的SYBRGreenI随机掺入法建立定量PCR反应体系,并对反应条件进行优化。试验结果表明应用该方法对虎源H5流感病毒的检测具有高度的特异性,检测的灵敏度为101~102拷贝数。对20份病死老虎临床病料和24份人工感染的小鼠脏器病料用荧光定量RT-PCR方法、常规RT-PCR方法和病毒分离方法进行检测,荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测结果略高于常规RT-PCR方法,但与病毒分离方法结果相一致。这说明荧光定量RT-PCR方法可以对临床上H5N1虎源流感病毒检测提供参考。     

Comparative study of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, swine H1N1, and avian H3N2 influenza viral infections in quails

Quail has been proposed to be an intermediate host of influenza A viruses. However, information on the susceptibility and pathogenicity of pandemic H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) and swine influenza viruses in quails is limited. In this study, the pathogenicity, virus shedding, and transmission characteristics of pH1N1, swine H1N1 (swH1N1), and avian H3N2 (dkH3N2) influenza viruses in quails was examined. Three groups of 15 quails were inoculated with each virus and evaluated for clinical signs, virus shedding and transmission, pathological changes, and serological responses. None of the 75 inoculated (n = 45), contact exposed (n = 15), or negative control (n = 15) quails developed any clinical signs. In contrast to the low virus shedding titers observed from the swH1N1-inoculated quails, birds inoculated with dkH3N2 and pH1N1 shed relatively high titers of virus predominantly from the respiratory tract until 5 and 7 DPI, respectively, that were rarely transmitted to the contact quails. Gross and histopathological lesions were observed in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of quail inoculated with either pH1N1 or dkH3N2, indicating that these viruses were more pathogenic than swH1N1. Sero-conversions were detected 7 DPI in two out of five pH1N1-inoculated quails, three out of five quails inoculated with swH1N1, and four out of five swH1N1-infected contact birds. Taken together, this study demonstrated that quails were more susceptible to infection with pH1N1 and dkH3N2 than swH1N1.     

欧亚类禽H1N1与古典H1N1亚型猪流感病毒NA基因遗传进化分析

本研究对2011年分离自吉林省猪群的3株流感病毒进行了遗传进化分析。结果表明欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒和古典H1N1猪流感病毒在吉林省猪群中共同流行,因此加强猪流感流行病学调查具有重要意义。     

Probable reverse zoonosis of influenza A(H1N1)pdm 09 in a striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Striped skunks (skunks) are susceptible to respiratory infection by influenza A viruses (IAV). As they are common synanthropes, maintenance of IAV in skunks could provide a source of infection for humans. We previously studied the nasal turbinates, lungs and faeces of 50 free‐ranging skunks for the presence of IAV and identified two individuals with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection during the 2009/2010 and 2013/2014 flu seasons. Subsequent to publication of that study, ferrets were shown to preferentially replicate and harbour A(H1N1)pdm09 in the soft palate, a site which had not been investigated in the skunks. From March 2015 to May 2016, we surveyed a convenience sample of 80 free‐ranging urban skunks for IAV in soft palate, nasal turbinates and lungs. The newly emergent influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 clade 6B.1 was detected at all three sites in one skunk with acute rhinitis in February 2016. Clade 6B.1 was the dominant clade in circulation during the 2015/2016 flu season. As the skunk was detected at the height of flu season, reverse zoonosis was considered the most probable source of infection.     

H1N1猪流感病毒环介导等温扩增快速检测方法的建立

目的:建立H1N1猪流感病毒环介导等温扩增(LAMP)快速检测方法。方法:从GenBank中获得H1N1猪流感病毒血凝素(HA)、神经氨酸酶(NA)基因序列,应用DNAStar软件MegAlign程序分析其序列,利用Primer ExplorerV4软件在序列保守区域设计LAMP引物,即外引物和内引物,同时以H1N1猪流感病毒的cDNA作为阳性模板,对试验中的几个反应条件进行优化。结果:LAMP检测方法对H1N1猪流感病毒的灵敏度达到4～6个拷贝,其引物对于H9亚型禽流感病毒、猪瘟病毒和猪圆环病毒均无非特异性扩增,表现出良好的特异性。结论:建立的H1N1猪流感病毒环介导等温扩增快速检测方法灵敏度高、特异性强、重复性好,为快速检测猪流感病毒提供了新方法和新思路。     

Serological and virological surveillance of swine H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus infection in two farms located in Hubei province, central China

Swine influenza viruses H1N1 and H3N2 have been reported in the swine population worldwide. From June 2008 to June 2009, we carried out serological and virological surveillance of swine influenza in the Hubei province in central China. The serological results indicated that antibodies to H1N1 swine influenza virus in the swine population were high with a 42.5% (204/480) positive rate, whereas antibodies to H3N2 swine influenza virus were low with a 7.9% (38/480) positive rate. Virological surveillance showed that only one sample from weanling pigs was positive by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes revealed that the A/Sw/HB/S1/2009 isolate was closely related to avian-like H1N1 viruses and seemed to be derived from the European swine H1N1 viruses. In conclusion, H1N1 influenza viruses were more dominant in the pig population than H3N2 influenza viruses in central China, and infection with avian-like H1N1 viruses persistently emerged in the swine population in the area.