关节镜测量尺指导下微骨折术治疗膝关节软骨损伤的临床近期疗效观察

目的:通过关节镜探查膝关节软骨损伤的状态并采用微骨折术治疗,观察微骨折术的临床疗效。方法:2009年9月~2012年12月我科对29例膝关节软骨损伤患者采取关节镜下微骨折术治疗。术中利用关节镜测量尺对缺损区进行测量,并在其量化指导下行规律打孔,进行微骨折治疗。手术前后进行膝关节Lysholm评分及VAS评分。结果:软骨损伤于股骨内髁和股骨滑车关节面最常见,分别占41.4%和27.6%;软骨损伤面积多数在1~3 cm2,占69%(20例)。术后平均随访17个月(10~33个月),膝关节Lysholm评分由术前平均43.8分提高到术后末次随访86.1分,VAS评分由术前平均7.5分降至术后末次随访2.2分。结论:当软骨损伤面积小于4 cm2,微骨折技术是治疗膝关节全层软骨损伤的一种安全有效的方法。     

关节镜下经髌内侧入路空心钉固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的:探讨关节镜下经髌内侧入路空心钉固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2008年10月至2011年9月的32例前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者的病例资料,全部患者采用关节镜下经髌内侧入路导入空心钉进行骨折内固定,采用膝关节功能评分及影像学检查评估术后疗效。结果:术后膝关节侧位片螺钉与胫骨平台夹角平均为(48°±7.3°),随访8~32个月,平均18个月,骨折愈合平均时间为(6.5±0.6)周,术后8周Lysholm膝关节功能评分达到(90.5±1.7)分,随访终末期Lysholm评分达到(94.6±1.5)分。结论:采用关节镜下经髌内侧入路导入空心钉治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,取得了良好的临床效果。     

关节镜下成形联合缝合术治疗不稳定型外侧盘状半月板临床分析

目的:回顾分析关节镜下成形联合缝合修补术治疗不稳定型外侧盘状半月板的手术方法和近期疗效。方法:复旦大学附属华山医院运动医学与关节镜外科自2007年6月至2008年10月采用关节镜下半月板成形联合周边缘缝合术治疗不稳定型外侧盘状半月板患者49例(52膝),随访时采用Lysholm评分、HSS膝关节功能评分(hospital for special surgery knee score)及复查MRI评价手术疗效。结果:49例(52膝)术后随访14个月至30个月,平均20.8个月。术前Lysholm评分为43±7.3分,术后90±5.3分(P<0.01),术前HSS评分为40±8.6分,术后89±7.3分(P<0.01),评分优良率分别为86.5%和87.9%。24膝得到MRI复查,21膝完全愈合,3膝部分愈合。结论:采用关节镜下半月板成形联合缝合修补术治疗不稳定型外侧盘状半月板创伤小,手术效果良好。     

关节镜下可吸收半月板箭修复膝关节半月板损伤106例疗效观察

目的:观察总结关节镜下可吸收半月板箭修复损伤半月板的术后疗效及术后并发症。对象与方法:采用镜下可吸收半月板箭复位固定法,对106例患者的108个损伤半月板进行修复。通过症状、体征、Tegner和Lysholm评分对半月板缝合修复的临床效果及术后并发症进行了观察,对术后有明显症状、体征的患者进行了关节镜探查。结果:术后随访106例、1~9·5年(平均26±12·3个月)。Tegner评分术后(7·65±2·54)较术前(3·55±1·59)有显著性差异(P<0·001)。Lysholm评分术后(88·55±25·64)较术前(35·46±14·62)有显著性差异(P<0·001)。疗效优61只半月板,占56·5%;良35只半月板,占32·4%;可8只半月板,占7·4%;差4只半月板,占3·7%。总优良率为88·9%。对术后有症状和体征的14例患者进行关节镜再探查,发现4例未愈合,5例部分愈合。术后并发症包括半月板箭固定处的后关节囊刺痛5例。无严重的血管神经损伤,106例患者术后并发症总发生率4·72%。结论:关节镜下可吸收半月板箭修复半月板损伤手术成功率较高,术中和术后风险较小。     

关节镜下重建膝关节新鲜与陈旧前交叉韧带训练伤疗效对比分析

目的比较部队官兵体能训练所致膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤手术时机对疗效的影响。方法关节镜下对平均病程(5±0.8)周27例新鲜组和平均病程(76±10.5)周19例陈旧组ACL损伤,均以半腱肌和股薄肌为替代物进行手术重建。结果按Lysholm评分,新鲜组和陈旧组ACL损伤的优良率分别为92.5%和78.9%,两组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论体能训练所致膝关节交叉韧带损伤早期关节镜手术重建的疗效优于晚期重建。     

移植基质诱导的自体软骨细胞修复关节软骨缺损临床研究

 目的 探讨基质诱导的自体软骨细胞移植修复关节软骨缺损的方法与疗效.方法 2004年11月～2006年11月,对7例膝关节软骨炎患者行关节镜取软骨、基质诱导自体软骨细胞移植(Matrix-induced Autologous chondrocyte implantation,MACI)膜植入术.对患者行MRI检查确定损伤位置,并进行IKDC2000评分.术后按照特定的康复计划进行循序渐进的功能锻炼.结果 随访时间6个月到24个月.术后半年多数患者各项症状逐渐消失,IKDC2000评分大部分增高.复查MRI和关节镜,显示原来缺损的关节软骨已基本修复,并伴有软骨下骨的修复.结论 与传统自体软骨细胞移植(Autologous chondrocyte implantation,ACI)技术相比,利用MACI技术修复软骨缺损具有术后恢复时间短、操作简便、创伤小、生成更多透明软骨等优点,具有良好的应用前景.     

急性膝关节前交叉韧带不完全损伤关节镜下诊治方法选择

目的探讨急性膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)不完全损伤的关节镜下诊断意义和早期临床治疗方案的选择。方法1999年8月-2003年10月收治急性膝关节ACL不完全损伤37例,所有患者均早期行关节镜检查确诊,其中关节镜下射频皱缩术后保守治疗8例,Ⅰ期行ACL加强手术19例,Ⅰ期行ACL重建手术10例,随诊10~23个月,并行临床效果评定。结果获随诊患者34例(92%),治疗康复6个月膝关节Lysholm评分,从术前(43.6±5.2)分提高到(91.8±2.3)分,与术前比较有显著提高(P<0.01)。结论急性膝关节ACL不完全损伤应早期首选关节镜检查以明确诊断,确定损伤程度,选择合理的临床治疗方案;Ⅰ期镜下修复或重建ACL,对早期恢复膝关节稳定有重要的临床意义。     

关节镜下双带线锚钉前交叉韧带止点足印重建治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折

目的:探讨关节镜下复位、双带线锚钉前交叉韧带(ACL)止点足印解剖重建治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法:2009年4月～2011年4月,对15例胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折患者在关节镜下行骨折解剖复位、双带线锚钉ACL止点足印解剖固定术。胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折的Meyers-McKeever分型:Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型2例;男12例,女3例;年龄21～57岁,平均30.6岁。术前前抽屉试验及Lachman试验均呈阳性,Lysholm评分为(49.9±3.7)分,IKDC 2000主观膝关节评分为(53.3±5.3)分。结果:患者均获随访,随访时间9～15个月,平均12个月。术后6个月X线片复查示髁间嵴骨折均愈合,骨折复位良好。末次随访时,患肢膝关节活动范围达0～120°;Lysholm评分为(89.6±3.2)分,IKDC2000主观膝关节评分为(90.8±5.7)分,两项评分与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(t1=22.100,t2=20.700,P=0.000)。结论:关节镜下复位、双带线锚钉ACL止点足印解剖重建治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折,有利于实现ACL胫骨止点解剖原点重建,对于恢复ACL正常生理功能有重要意义。     

关节镜下双骨道多股自体腘绳肌腱解剖重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨关节镜下双骨道多股自体腘绳肌肌腱解剖重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的方法和疗效。方法31例ACL损伤患者,年龄18～45岁,平均27岁。在关节镜下应用两组骨道,用多股半腱肌腱在屈膝50°～60°位拉紧并固定重建前内侧束,用多股股薄肌腱在屈膝10°～15°位拉紧并固定重建后外侧束。结果31例患者术后进行3～13个月(平均5.2个月)随访,术后膝关节活动度均在正常范围。术后前抽屉试验和轴移试验均为阴性;Lachman试验:25例“-”,5例“1+”,1例“2+”。术后Lysholm评分为(88.7±9.4)分,较术前(47.4±9.6)分显著提高(t=3.14,P<0.01)。术后Tegner活动评分为(6.9±1.3)分,较术前(3.1±0.9)分显著提高(t=3.13,P<0.01)。结论双骨道多股自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL能够更好地恢复膝关节在不同伸屈角度的稳定性。     

关节镜下TightRope环扎固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的疗效评估

目的 探讨关节镜下TightRope环扎内固定治疗前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年5月—2020年6月上海市松江区中心医院骨科收治的ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者26例，男性18例，女性8例；年龄13～37岁，平均18.9岁；运动伤16例，道路交通伤6例，摔伤4例；骨折分型(Meyers-McKeever-Zaricznyj):Ⅱ型8例，Ⅲ型14例，Ⅳ型4例。患者均行膝关节镜下骨折复位TightRope锁扣带袢钛板环扎固定术。手术前后采用Lysholm膝关节评分、国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)及膝关节Tegner评分评价膝关节功能，通过Lachman试验及pivot-shift试验评价膝关节稳定性。记录手术时间、膝关节活动度及术后并发症情况。结果 患者均手术顺利，术后随访10～15个月，平均12.5个月。平均手术时长(37.5±6.9)min。末次随访Lysholm、IKDC及膝关节Tegner评分分别为(95.4±4.2)分、(93.5±4.5)分、(7.9±1.5)分，高于术前(45.4±...     

Autologous chondrocyte implantation: complex defects and combined procedures

The treatment of cartilage lesions is often difficult and challenging in the young, complex knee. It is not uncommon to find these lesions associated with complicating factors such as the lesions being uncontained, the presence of bony deficiency, or the involvement of multiple lesions. This chapter presents different approaches and techniques to help manage these surgical complications and outlines the importance of understanding the predisposing factors associated with chondral lesions and degradation. It addresses when and how to manage malalignment, joint instability, and inadequate meniscal function when using a cellular treatment option to treat the chondral lesion. The key to managing these complex cases is to make sure that all joint pathologies are addressed, ensuring that an environment conducive to a successful repair is created.     

Long‐term clinical and radiological assessment of untreated severe cartilage damage in the knee: a natural history study

We aimed to evaluate whether and to what extent an isolated deep cartilage lesion localized within the tibiofemoral and the patellofemoral joint has an impact on the clinical outcomes and osteoarthritis (OA) progression when it is left untreated. From 1991 to 1994, 4121 consecutive knee arthroscopies were performed, and 37 of them in patients with a single isolated chondral lesion of Outerbridge grade 4 located within weight‐bearing areas of the femoral and tibial condyles (FT group) and patella (P group). The lesion size ranged from 2 to 4 cm². Outcomes were reported at a mean 15.3‐year follow‐up using the Lysholm score, the Tegner activity scale and the Womac score. The mean Lysholm, Tegner and Womac score in the FT group was 87.7, 5.6 and 88.7, respectively. In the P group, it was 83.8, 4.8 and 84.6, respectively (P<0.0.5). Osteoarthritic changes were found in 39% of the patients. There was no difference in OA severity between an injured and an uninjured knee. In patients of the FT group, there was a relationship between the incidence of tibiofemoral OA and patellofemoral OA (P=0.00075). Severe isolated single chondral damage left with no treatment has a limited influence on clinical outcomes and the development of OA.     

运动训练及中医疗法对关节软骨GAG和软骨细胞形态影响的研究

采用计算机图形处理技术对非周期大强度训练后兔膝关节软骨糖胺多糖 (GAG)含量和软骨细胞形态做半定量和定量分析。结果表明 ,训练对软骨GAG和细胞形态有明显影响 ,而中医恢复疗法对这些影响有一定的的恢复作用     

Treatment of patellofemoralarticular cartilage injuries with autologous chondrocyte implantation

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has successfully been used to repair chondral injuries of the knee. Articular cartilage defects of the patella and trochlea represent a class of cartilage lesions of the knee that have recently been considered an increasing indication for treatment with ACI. These lesions often differ from condyae lesions, having a different etiology and coexisting pathologic conditions in the knee associated with them. Patellar and trochlear cartilage lesions are often associated with patellofemoral maltracking. To obtain good results with these cartilage injuries with ACI, it is essential to address the underlying maltracking issues. Additionally, the contours of the patellar and trochlear cartilage differ from that of the condyles, requiring a modification in the standard technique of periosteal attachment used with condylar lesions. Although results of treating trochlear lesions with ACI have shown good results, the initial reports of treating patellar lesions with ACI were diminished compared to condylar lesions. Recognizing and treating the coexisting pathologic conditions and carefully modifying the standard technique of periosteal attachment has resulted in improved results.     

Fresh osteochondral allografting

The treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee is a difficult challenge. Fresh, small-fragment osteochondralallografting is a technique involving the transplantation of articular (hyaline) cartilage into the defective joint surface. The graft, a composite of living cartilage and a thin layer of underlying subchondral bone, provides a mature matrix with viable chondrocytes along with an osseous component that provides a surface for fixation and integration with the host. Fresh allografting is particularly useful in larger lesions (greater than 2 cms) or when associated osseous defects are present. Clinical experience with fresh osteochondral allografts now extends over 2 decades. Up to 90% of individuals treated for femoral condyle lesions are improved. The allograft tissue appears well tolerated by the host, with documented long-termsurvival of chondrocytes and intact matrix. Successful clinical outcomes have established fresh osteochondrall allografting as an appropriate alternative in the treatment of chondral and osteochondral lesions of the knee.     

Three-dimensional spin-lock magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder joint at 3 T: initial experience

Objectives This was a pilot study which aimed to assess the feasibility of 3D-spin-lock (3D-T_1ρ) MRI of the shoulder joint and to establish baseline values of healthy humeral and glenoid cartilages in vivo. Material and methods Four asymptomatic volunteers [mean age 31 years (range 29–36 years)] were recruited. A 3.0 T scanner, employing a four-channel, phased-array, shoulder, radio-frequency (RF) coil was used. Three-dimensional T_1ρ-weighted images were acquired with a 3D gradient-echo (GRE) sequence with T_1ρ magnetization preparation. In order to a construct T_1ρ map, we acquired four 3D-T_1ρ-weighted images with spin-locking length (TSL) values of 2 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, and 30 ms. The glenoid and humeral cartilage were segmented manually at each slice of the 3D images. We performed additional regional analysis by dividing the cartilage into anterior/posterior and superior/inferior regions. Results The global average T_1ρ value of the shoulder cartilages varied from 37.9 ms to 48.5 ms and from 32.4 ms to 36.9 ms for humeral and glenoid cartilages, respectively. In the humeral cartilage, the average regional T_1ρ values varied from 35.9 ms to 52.2 ms; 54.4 ms to 69.0 ms; 39.1 ms to 49.3 ms and 34.6 ms to 57.2 ms for the anterior–superior, anterior–inferior , posterior–superior and posterior–inferior regions, respectively. In the glenoid cartilage, the values varied from 31.3 ms to 40.8 ms; 34.1 ms to 35.3 ms; 26.7 ms to 37.2 ms and 32.8 ms to 35.7 ms for the same regions, respectively. Conclusion We demonstrated that 3D-T_1ρ MRI of the shoulder can be performed on a 3 T clinical scanner within specific absorption rate (SAR) limits, and we present baseline values for healthy patients which may be useful for quantitative comparison with diseased shoulders.