颈前路植骨钢板内固定治疗创伤性枢椎滑脱

目的评价颈前路椎体间植骨钢板内固定治疗创伤性枢椎滑脱的临床效果。方法15例创伤性枢椎滑脱病人,行椎体复位、自体髂骨移植、颈前路钢板内固定。结果随访5～19个月,15例病人现均获得复位与骨融合,颈椎高度、生理曲度获得重建,活动良好,无并发症。结论颈前路复位、植骨钢板内固定是治疗创伤性枢椎滑脱的有效方法,尤其适用于枢椎椎体前缘骨折及椎体骨块突向椎管内、压迫脊髓神经者。     

颈前路钢板内固定加植骨术治疗创伤性枢椎滑脱

目的探讨颈2,3椎体复位,植骨融合前路钢板内固定治疗创伤性枢椎滑脱的效果。方法7例创伤性枢椎滑脱病例,行复位、自体髂骨移植、钢板内固定。结果随访4～16个月,7例均获得复位与骨融合,没有并发症。结论复位、植骨前路钢板内固定是治疗创伤性枢椎滑脱的有效方法,尤其适用于Ⅱ或Ⅲ型合并颈2前下缘或后下缘撕脱骨折病例。     

颈前路植骨融合内固定术治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折

目的 探讨颈前路植骨融合内固定术治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折的疗效和应用价值。方法 对6例不稳定性Hangman骨折患者行颈前路植骨融合，Zephir颈前路钢板系统内固定术。术后进行10～18个月(平均14个月)随访。结果 术后症状明显恢复。全部病例颈椎生理前凸维持良好，C2椎弓骨折线模糊。术后6个月植骨融合率达到100％。无内固定系统松动和断裂现象存在。结论 应用颈前路植骨融合内固定术治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折具有可获得术后上颈椎即刻稳定，防止植骨块移位，无须行石膏固定，维持颈椎生理前凸，促进骨折愈合和植骨融合率高等优点。     

颈前路植骨融合钛钢板内固定治疗不稳定Hangman骨折

目的 探讨经前路植骨融合钛钢板固定治疗不稳定Hangman骨折的临床应用价值.方法 对15例不稳定性Hangman骨折行颈前路植骨融合钛钢板内固定术,术后进行6个月～4年(平均24个月)随访.结果 所有患者术后均获得骨性愈合,颈部症状消失,术后颈椎活动良好.结论 颈椎前路植骨融合钛钢板内固定术治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折,能够获得良好的即时稳定性,不影响颈椎活动度.     

前路减压植骨钢板内固定治疗急性颈髓损伤

颈髓损伤是一种后果十分严重的创伤，对其治疗方法、手术时机及手术方法等一直存在着争议。我院自2000年4月-2003年5月采用颈椎前路槽式减压自体髂骨植骨加带锁钢板固定治疗急性颈椎颈髓损伤26例，获得较好疗效，现报告如下。     

后路植骨APOFIX内固定治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳

创伤性寰枢椎骨折脱位导致的寰枢椎关节不稳。是临床上常见的上颈椎损伤，早期可伴脊髓损伤，或随着病程进展最终出现神经根刺激和脊髓压迫症状。使用Apofix内固定系统治疗此类损伤具有操作简单、固定可靠、植骨块愈合率高等优点。我们自1998年5月-2002年12月收治创伤性寰枢椎不稳31例，其中18例采用此方法治疗，疗效满意，现报道如下。     

经口咽前路寰枢椎钢板内固定

对颅颈交界区畸形及其他病变引起的寰枢椎脱位伴脊髓压迫症需减压内固定，可根据不同情况选择不同的内固定方法，包括寰枢前路内固定、寰枢后路内固定或枕颈内固定，经口咽前路囊枢椎钢板内固定是新近发展起来的一种寰枢椎前路固定方法，用于治疗先天性疾患、外伤或类风湿性关节炎等所致的难复性寰枢椎脱位，但临床应用不多。     

颈前路植骨融合内固定治疗Ⅱ、ⅡA型Hangman骨折

目的观察颈前路植骨融合钢板内固定治疗Ⅱ、ⅡA型Hangman骨折的临床疗效。方法对16例Ⅱ、ⅡA型Hangman骨折患者术前颅骨牵引后行颈前路植骨融合钢板内固定术。结果 16例均获随访,时间12~24个月。均未出现脊髓、神经损伤,无椎动脉损伤及脑脊液等并发症,无切口感染,未发生咽喉疼痛、吞咽困难。术后3个月患者均获骨性愈合。颈椎生理曲度恢复,屈伸及旋转活动良好,无内固定系统松动、断裂现象。4例脊髓神经D级者全部恢复到E级。枕颈部疼痛均较术前明显改善。7例行取髂骨术者切口愈合良好,术区无遗留疼痛。结论颈前路植骨融合钢板内固定治疗Ⅱ、ⅡA型Hangman骨折能获得即时稳定,减压彻底,固定确实,融合满意。     

前路减压植骨钢板内固定治疗颈椎间盘突出症(附32例病例报告)

[目的]探讨前路减压植骨钢板内固定治疗颈椎间盘突出症的疗效及并发症的预防。[方法]通过对32例2001年3月-2003年12月行前路减压植骨钢板内固定颈椎间盘突出症患者临床资料及手术治疗结果的随访进行回顾性分析。[结果]32例获随访患者在3-6个月内均获得牢固融合，无骨不连发生，无内植物并发症发生。神经压迫症状恢复或好转。[结论]前路减压植骨钢板内固定是治疗颈椎间盘突出症的行之有效的方法。     

创伤性枢椎前骨脱（Hangman骨折）

本文综述了Ｈａｎｇｍａｎ骨折的发生机制，分类，临床表现和治疗。     

颈前路减压植骨钢板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的初步疗效

目的：分析颈前路减压钢板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法：对１０３例脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈前路减压植骨钢板内固定术,并对临床结果进行Ｏｄｏｍ’ｓ法疗效评定及影像学分析。结果：１０３例中获随访９９例,临床疗效优良８０％,植骨融合率为９７．９％（９７／９９）,其中单节段椎间融合率为１００％（１２／１２）,多节段椎间融合率为９７．７％（８５／８７）。结论：颈前路钢板内固定对于脊髓型颈椎病的治疗是有     

Anterior decompression and plate fixation in fracture dislocations of the lower cervical spine

Summary Surgical treatment of unstable traumatic injuries of the cervical spine can be carried out by a posterior or anterior approach, with different advantages and disadvantages. Twenty patients were treated with anterior decompression, interbody fusion with autogenous iliac bone graft, and osteosynthesis with a Louis anterior plate. The screws were inserted in the vertebral body without reaching the posterior vertebral wall. There were 18 male and 2 female patients, aged between 18 and 66 years (average 36 years). The osteoarticular lesion was in 8 cases a tear-drop fracture and in 12 a fracture-dislocation. The mechanisms of injury were flexion-compression, flexion-rotation, hyperflexion, and hyperextension. A complete spinal cord lesion was present in 10 cases, central cord syndrome in 5, isolated radiculopathy in 3, and anterior cord syndrome in 1; one patient had normal neurological function. At long-term follow-up fusion of the graft was observed in all cases without evidence of spinal malalignment, breakage of the implant, or aseptic hardware loosening. Neurological deterioration was not observed in any case. In one case, complicated by late infection, healing was uneventful after plate removal, surgical debridement, and antibiotic therapy. A fistula of the hypopharynx due to perforation of the piriform recess appeared following repeated bronchoscopy 12 months after surgery. There were no signs of implant loosening and the lesion was surgically repaired. From a neurological point of view the 10 patients with complete cord lesion remained unchanged; those with incomplete cord lesions improved by 1 or 2 degrees on the Frankel scale; those with isolated radiculopathies recovered fully; and the neurologically intact patient remained unchanged. The present study and the data reported in the literature prove that anterior surgery with plate fixation in cervical spine injuries allows the achievement of complete neural decompression by direct visual examination. On the other hand, posterior surgery can result in incomplete decompression and associated neurological deterioration. Anterior plate instrumentation has proved itself mechanically adequate, even if it is less stable than posterior constructs. The advantages of anterior surgery compared to those of posterior surgery are such that several specific risks are acceptable. Posterior surgery is nevertheless indicated if the lesion cannot be reduced preoperatively under closed conditions.Read at the International Meeting of the Cervical Spine Research Society, Athens, 25th–28th June, 1992     

The use of plate fixation in anterior surgery of the degenerative cervical spine: a comparative prospective clinical study

The method of anterior mono- or bisegmental cervical spine fusion is a well-established procedure for degenerative conditions of the cervical spine. While the early reports promote fusion with bone graft alone, recent studies report superior results with the addition of anterior plating. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of using plates in anterior cervical spine fusion in a prospective study. Fifty candidates for anterior monoor bisegmental cervical spine fusion were randomly and prospectively selected and assigned to a plated and a non-plated group. After a minimum follow-up of 22 months, patients were clinically and radiologically examined. The reduction in pain, improvement in neurology and functional assessment showed a significant improvement in both groups compared to the preoperative values. The total neurological score improved significantly in both groups, but the changes were greater in the group with plates. There was no significant difference between the groups for fusion rating, but graft quality (graft height) was significantly better in the plated group. We conclude that the overall data do not suggest better results with plating in mono- or bisegmental anterior spine fusions. Indications for additional internal fixation are restricted to special conditions with increased instability, insufficient bone quality or inappropriate graft placing.     

The cervical spine and its relation to anterior plate-screw fixation: a quantitative study

Multilevel discectomy and inter-vertebral body fusion combined with anterior plate-screw fixation is the common procedure in cervical spine surgery. The correct placement of the screws is an important factor for the outcome of these operations. Yet no systematic approach has been undertaken to optimize the geometry of the fixation-plates regarding the position of the screw-perforations. In this study MRI scans of 50 consecutive patients were analyzed regarding the height of each segment (C3–C7), the anterior–posterior diameter of the vertebral body and the distance between the vertebral arteries. Based on this data we developed Standard Spine Models. Using these models we designed two plates each for single and two-level surgery, and three plates each for three- and four-level surgery. These ten plates do fit the cervical spines of all 50 patients examined in this study. With these plates the screw-perforations could be positioned efficiently over the bodies of the concerned vertebrae. This should facilitate the selection of a plate and the positioning of the screws. Thus the surgeons might save time and the screws might be positioned more exactly and entirely in the vertebral bodies, ensuring a secure fixation.     

三种界面固定融合器在颈椎前路手术中的应用(附62例报告)

目的：比较ＴＦＣ（Ｔｈｒｅａｄｅｄｃａｇｅ，带螺纹鸟笼状椎间融合器）、ＢＡＫ（ＢａｇｂｙａｎｄＫｕｓｌｉｃｈｍｅｔｈｏｄ，笼状椎间融合器）及作者设计的ＣＨＴＦ（Ｃｅｒｖｉｃａｌ－ｓｐｉｎｅｈｏｌｏｗｔｈｒｅａｄｅｄｆｉｘａｔｏｒ，颈椎空心螺纹式内固定器）在颈椎前路减压融合术中的应用效果。方法：采用ＴＦＣ、ＣＨＴＦ和ＢＡＫ作为界面固定行颈椎前路减压融合术治疗颈椎病、陈旧颈椎骨折脱位和急性颈椎间盘脱出症共６２例，１１５个椎节。其中５２节采用ＴＦＣ，４３节植入ＣＨＴＦ，２０节为ＢＡＫ。术后次日戴颌－胸支具下床活动及步行。结果：三种植入物均较稳定，Ｘ线片未发现有位移现象。观察３个月以上的４６例中２４例已恢复正常生活及工作，近于正常者１５例，两者相加达８５％。结论：ＴＦＣ、ＣＨＴＦ和ＢＡＫ均可使手术椎节立即稳定、促进融合，并避免了取髂骨手术的并发症。ＣＨＴＦ操作简单方便，设计优于ＴＦＣ和ＢＡＫ     

Biomechanical analysis of anterior cervical spine plate fixation systems with unicortical and bicortical screw purchase

Anterior plate fixation with unicortical screw purchase does not involve the risk of posterior cortex penetration and possible injuries of the spinal cord. However, there are very few biomechanical data about the immediate stability of non-locking plate fixation with unicortical or bicortical screw placement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immediate biomechanical properties in terms of flexibility of a non-locking anterior plate system with 4.5-mm screw fixation and unicortical or bicortical screw purchase applied to a single destabilized cervical spine motion segment. Using fresh cadaveric cervical spine specimens C3-C7, multidirectional flexibility was measured at the level C4-C5 before and after destabilization and fixation with an anterior plate with either unicortical or bicortical screw purchase. The results showed that fixed cervical spine segments with anterior plate and bicortical screw purchase were more rigid than intact specimens in all modes of testing. The difference was statistically significant for flexion and extension (P<0.001). Plate fixation with unicortical screw purchase had statistically significant decreased ranges of motion compared to the intact specimen only in extension. Neither unicortical nor bicortical screw purchase decreased the range of motion significantly in axial rotation compared to the intact specimens. This in vitro study documented that neither unicortical nor bicortical screw purchase with non-locking plate fixation can increase stability in all modes of testing, in axial rotation in particular. Direct comparison between the group with uni- and that with bicortical screw fixation did not reveal significant differences, and therefore no advantage was shown for either type of screw fixation. Therefore, we demonstrated that both uni- and bicortical screw purchase with non-locking plate fixation can decrease immediate flexibility of the tested motion segment, with better results for bicortical purchase. No significant differences were found comparing the two groups of screw fixation. These data suggest that unicortical screw fixation can be used for anterior plate fixation with a comparable immediate stability to bicortical screw fixation.Supported by the German Research Foundation, DFG, Bonn, Germany     

Traumatic lesions of the lower cervical spine in Poland

Summary From 1965 through 1990 the Spinal Department of the Metropolitan Rehabilitation Center in Konstancin provided treatment to 1330 patients with spinal injury in the C5-T1 area dmitted to hospital in the early post-traumatic period. The most common causes of injury were falls from a horse cart, diving, and road accidents, in that order. This paper presents an analysis of the dependencies between the degree of spinal cord injury and the mechanism of spinal injury, as well as the results of conservative and surgical treatment. The most serious lesions of the spinal cord were those following spinal injuries of a crush character and dislocations by a flexion mechanism. The injuries with the best prognosis were typical compression fractures of the vertebrae. Significant neurologic improvement was obtained in over 50% of patients. Improvement was greatest and most frequent in patients who received surgical treatment.     

颈前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的 探讨颈前路减压自体髂骨植骨融合钢板内同定术在治疗脊髓型颈椎病中的应用价值.方法 75例脊髓型颈椎病患者,病变累及1个节段23例,2个节段46例,3个节段6例.经颈前路减压,单间隙为开窗式,余为开槽式.加自体髂骨植骨,加带锁钢板内固定.结果 平均随访12个月,植骨于术后4～5月完全骨性融合.术后恢复之椎间高度未发生丢失现象,颈椎生理曲度维持良好.无脊髓、血管损伤,无钢板、螺钉折断、滑脱等并发症,但有4例术后长期存在吞咽时异物感,有1例进食时有明显梗阻感.JOA评分由平均术前8.1分上升至术后14.1分.手术优良率夏为83.3%.结论 颈前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效可靠,宜使用低切迹颈前路钢板内固定. 个节段23例,2个节段46例,3个节段6例.经颈前路减压,单间隙为开窗式,余为开槽式.加自体髂骨植骨,加带锁钢板内固定.结果 平均随访12个月,植骨于术后4～5月完全骨性融合.术后恢复之椎问高度未发生丢失现象,颈椎生理曲度维持良好.无脊髓、血管损伤,无钢板、螺钉折断、滑脱等并发症,但有4例术后长期存在吞咽时异物感,有1例进食时有明显梗阻感.JOA评分由平均术前8.1分上升至术后14.1分. 术优良率夏为83.3%.结论 颈前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效可靠,宜使用低切迹颈前路钢板内固定. 个     

Esophagus perforation complicating anterior cervical spine surgery

Purpose  

To study the diagnosis and treatment strategy of esophagus perforation complicating anterior cervical spine surgery.     

前路植骨融合带锁钢板内固定治疗颈椎外伤性滑脱

[目的]探讨应用前路植骨融合带锁钢板内固定技术治疗颈椎外伤性滑脱(TSCS)。[方法]24例TSCS，新鲜损伤19例，陈旧性损伤5例。采用颈椎牵引复位后颈前路植骨融合及带锁钢板内固定术进行治疗，术后颈围外固定至融合。[结果]随访10～32个月，平均18个月，24例植骨块与上下椎体融合。无钛板松动移位、断裂。所有患者颈部疼痛和上肢放射痛症状消失或基本缓解。合并颈髓损伤的15例按ASIA分级均有不同程度恢复。[结论]前路植骨融合带锁钢板内固定可重建颈椎即刻稳定性，有效防止继发性脊髓损伤，是治疗1’scs安全可靠的治疗方法。