葡萄糖脱氢酶微型生物传感器的研制及应用

以甲苯胺兰（ＴＢ）修饰碳糊微电极为基体，将葡萄糖脱氢酶（ＧＤＨ）用丝素蛋白膜固定于修饰微电极表面制成了生物传感器，在ｐＨ７．０的ＮａＯＨ－ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４缓冲溶液中，烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（ＮＡＤ）的浓度为１．０４×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的条件下，其响应电流与葡萄糖浓度在１．０×１０＾－４～３．２×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内有良好线性关系，响应时间为２０ｓ；检测限为４．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。该传感器     

生物分子电催化的研究：V.邻菲绕啉电化学聚合修饰电极的性质

本文用恒电位，恒电流，循环扫描等电化学方法，首次制备了邻菲绕啉（０－ｐｈｅｎ）聚合膜修饰电极，在０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌＯ４水溶液中，其氧化与还原过程的峰电位分别为＋０．０４Ｖ和－０．５３Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ），该修饰电极在酸性，中性，碱性条件下均具有良好的稳定性，能较好地改善Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６和Ｖｋ３在电极上的氧化还原性质，对维生素Ｃ和肼的氧化有很好的催化作用，其氧化峰电位分别降低２２０ｍＶ和５６２     

5,10,15—三（4—氨基）苯基—20—苯基卟啉的电聚合膜及其金属化膜的电分…

本文对新型结构的卟啉进行电化学聚合，制得聚卟啉修饰电极，并在此基础上直接进行金属化，得到金属化的Ｃｕ聚卟啉修饰电极，实验表明，聚卟啉修饰电极在ｐＨ１－６的范围，对ｐＨ的变化呈能斯特响应，斜率为５９．８ｍＶ／ｐＨ，金属化Ｃｕ聚卟啉ｐＨ也具有能斯特响应，范围为ｐＨ４－８，斜率为２８．７ｍＶ／ｐＨ。可用于实际样品的测定。     

胺修饰β－环糊精交联树脂的制备及吸附性能

胺修饰β－环糊精交联树脂的制备及吸附性能陈永明，何炳林（南开大学高分子化学研究所，分离吸附功能高分子材料国家重点实验室，天津，３０００７１）关键词β－环糊精．β－环糊精交联树脂．选择性吸附．胺修饰．吸附平衡常数环糊精（ＣＤｓ）是葡萄糖由１，４糖苷键构...     

铜铂微粒修饰微电极测定一氧化氮

详细报道了金属铜，铂微粒微电极用于ＮＯ的检测，该修饰电极对ＮＯ具有催化氧化作用，当ＮＯ浓度在８．２×１０＾－８－４．５×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ内，浓度与峰电流呈线性关系，相关系数为０．９９７。     

多聚磷酸吡哆醛血红蛋白的制备及性质研究

血红蛋白是利用不等渗裂解法从人的全血中提取得到的．在不同的温度和无氧条件下，用磷酸吡哆醛修饰血红蛋白，它们的摩尔比为４：１．随后用戊二醛在４℃，ｐＨ７．４条件下交联磷酸吡哆醛化血红蛋白，获得多聚磷酸吡哆醛血红蛋白．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示了交联前后血红蛋白的分子量的变化。凝胶层析得到修饰交联后的血红蛋白的分子量分布是一个连续的整体，约从６万到６０万道尔顿之间．多聚磷酸吡哆醛血红蛋白溶液是一个可溶的有载氧能力的溶液，它的Ｐ５０在２０～２６ｍｍＨｇ之间．     

六氰合铁酸铜钴在蜡浸石墨电极表面的电化学沉积

首次报道了电化学沉积的混合金属六氰合铁酸盐修饰电极作为电流型传感器的研究。针对六氰合铁酸盐修饰电极在中性和碱性条件下的不稳定性，采用混合金属电沉积的方法，成功地提高了电极的稳定性，所得到的修饰电极在 ｐＨ ４～１０之间均表现出良好的稳定性。该电极的响应时间（ｔ９５％）为 ０．５ｓ，并对Ｆｅ３＋／Ｆｅ２＋电对表现出良好的电催化作用。催化氧化峰电流与Ｆｅ２＋的浓度在１．０×１０－４～６．５×１０－２ｍｏｌ/Ｌ范围内呈很好的线性关系，检测下限为 １．４×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

还原菌修饰碳糊电极研究及对微量金的测定

研究用细菌修饰的碳糊电极对金离子的响应特性，并应用该电极检测水溶液中的金离子，金离子家度在１０－１００μｇ／ｍＬ。呈线性关系，重现性为３．４％，检测限达１ｎｇ／ｍＬ，电极具有制备简单，灵敏诬高等优点。文中还讨论了金离子在还原菌修饰的碳糊电极上的还原机理。     

聚合黄素修饰电极的制备和性质

１引言黄素是生物体内氧化还原过程中的重要辅基。黄素修饰电极的制备方法有吸附法和化学键合法。用本文研究的电化学聚合法制得的黄素修饰电极，活性中心浓度大，稳定性好，可催化还原型辅酶Ｉ（ＮＡＤＨ）的氧化，使其氧化过电位降低～２００ｍＶ。可用于ＮＡＤＨ的选择性测定。２实验部分２．１仪器与试剂ＢＡＳ１００Ａ电分析仪（美国ＢＡＳ公司）。黄素由复旦大学化学系有机化学教研室提供。Ｈ２ＳＯ４、ＮａＣＩＯ４、Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４及ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４均为分析纯，乙腈、Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基甲酸胺（ＤＭＦ）为化学纯。水为去离子水。２．２实…     

低浓度甲烷甲醇深度氧化Ag/La0.6Sr0.4MnO3催化剂

用柠檬酸溶胶－凝胶法制备钙钛矿型Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３氧化物,并用Ａｇ对其进行修饰,制得Ａｇ／Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３系列催化剂。结果表明,６％Ａｇ／Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３催化剂上甲烷或甲醇氧化转化９５％时的反应温度Ｔ９５可低至７３５Ｋ（对ＣＨ４）或４２１Ｋ（对ＣＨ３ＯＨ）;适量Ａｇ的负载修饰并不改变催化剂基质氧化物Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３的纳米级钙钛矿型结构;Ａｇ的掺杂诱使催     

Environmentally Friendly Techniques and Their Comparison in the Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from Green Tea,Rosemary, Clove,and Oregano

Many current food and health trends demand the use of more ecological, sustainable, and environmentally friendly techniques for the extraction of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants. However, extraction yields and final antioxidant activities vary between sources and are highly influenced by the given extraction method and nature and ratio of the employed solvent, especially for total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which are well recognized as natural antioxidants with food applications. This review focused on the most common extraction techniques and potential antioxidant activity in the food industry for various natural antioxidant sources, such as green tea, rosemary, clove, and oregano. Green extraction techniques have been proven to be far more efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical. In general, these techniques include the use of microwaves, ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, enzymes, and deep eutectic solvents, among others. These extraction methods are described here, including their advantages, disadvantages, and applications.     

Green synthesis of biogenic metal nanoparticles by terrestrial and aquatic phototrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes and biocompatible agents

The size, shape and controlled dispersity of nanoparticles play a vital role in determining the physical, chemical, optical and electronic properties attributing its applications in environmental, biotechnological and biomedical fields. Various physical and chemical processes have been exploited in the synthesis of several inorganic metal nanoparticles by wet and dry approaches viz., ultraviolet irradiation, aerosol technologies, lithography, laser ablation, ultrasonic fields, and photochemical reduction techniques. However, these methodologies remain expensive and involve the use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, there is a growing concern for the development of alternative environment friendly and sustainable methods. Increasing awareness towards green chemistry and biological processes has led to a necessity to develop simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly procedures. Phototrophic eukaryotes such as plants, algae, and diatoms and heterotrophic human cell lines and some biocompatible agents have been reported to synthesize greener nanoparticles like cobalt, copper, silver, gold, bimetallic alloys, silica, palladium, platinum, iridium, magnetite and quantum dots. Owing to the diversity and sustainability, the use of phototrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes and biocompatible agents for the synthesis of nanomaterials is yet to be fully explored. This review describes the recent advancements in the green synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles by plants, aquatic autotrophs, human cell lines, biocompatible agents and biomolecules.     

Synthesis,structure, and function of internally functionalized dendrimers

The past three decades have witnessed an exponential increase in the structural diversity and applications of dendrimers, spanning across drug delivery and diagnostics, protein, and enzyme mimicry, solubility enhancement, coatings, light harvesting, and catalysis. The dendrimer community has recently focused on internally functionalized dendrimers (IFDs) owing to their advanced design and functionality. The synthesis of IFDs relies on advanced orthogonal chemistries and/or (de)protection schemes, as well as careful purification to minimize polydispersity of composition and molecular weight. The studies published on IFDs, however, lay scattered across the chemical literature, and a comprehensive presentation of structural rationale, synthetic procedures, and technologically relevant applications is missing. To address this need, this review presents a comprehensive collection and discussion of all available studies on IFDs, detailing their methods of synthesis and their structure–function correlations. The wide variety of internal functionalities, including hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, allyl, alkyne, and imidazole groups, enables myriad applications in biochemistry, chemical and biomedical engineering, and material science. Particular focus is given to IFDs that are amenable to modular synthetic strategies, which promote higher synthetic yield and scalability, and therefore possess stronger translational and commercial potential. As such, this review guides research groups pursuing the difficult task of IFD rational design and synthesis providing them a concise roadmap to their mission.     

Recent development in nanomaterials fabricated paper-based colorimetric and fluorescent sensors: A review

The paper-based sensing devices have drawn a broad interest in analytical chemistry for colorimetric and fluorescent-based analysis of biological, environmental, clinical, and food samples. It is due to the simple, rapid, biodegradable, user-friendly, less expensive, and low waste generation into the environment. Here, the recent development of paper-based sensors fabricated with different noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) and semiconductor and carbon quantum dots (QDs) is demonstrated to analyze several chemical substances from various samples. User-friendly and portable recording devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, scanners, etc. along with color detecting softwares are employed to measure the color intensity of nanomaterials fabricated paper devices after the deposition of a sample solution containing various chemical substances. The advantages and disadvantages of incorporating nanomaterials in the paper substrate (direct deposition, inkjet printing, screen printing and wax printing) are illustrated. The mechanism for colorimetric, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence sensing using noble metal NPs (Ag, Cu, and Au), semiconductors, and carbon QDs for the determination of metal ions, anions, pesticides, biomolecules, and other toxic chemical substances are discussed. Thus, this review article would be highly useful for scientists and researchers to design colorimetric sensors to monitor chemical toxicants in clinical, environment, foods, and many other related samples.     

生物光化学

生物光化学研究光在动植物体内所引起的生化现象。例如:经过各种不同波长的光辐照后的生命现象,生长规律,某些生理和病理过程,疾病的产生和治疗机理,细胞的辐射损伤和自然防御,以及光合色素在生物进化中的作用等。本文就光引起的现象:视觉、生物钟(光周期性)、植物的光合作用、辐射损伤及其修复、牛皮癣的治疗、新生儿黄疸病的治疗机理,以及光合色素——藻胆蛋白等七种现象,做了综述性的介绍。     

三唑类药物研究新进展

三唑类化合物作为药物广泛应用于临床,是目前药物研究开发的重点领域之一．越来越多的高活性、低毒性、不良反应少、多药耐药性小、生物利用率高、药代动力学性质好、药物靶向性强、给药方式多样化、广谱、高疗效的三唑类化合物作为候选药物或药物用于临床医治多种疾病,显示出了三唑类化合物在医药领域的巨大开发价值和潜在的宽广应用．本文结合自己的工作,参考国内外近五年文献系统地综述了三唑类化合物作为药物在整个医药领域的研究与开发近况,包括抗真菌、抗细菌、抗结核、抗癌、抗病毒、抗炎镇痛、抗惊厥等,并展望其发展趋势与前景．希望该评论有助于为高活性低毒性三唑类医药合理设计提供新思路．     

THE EFFECT OF CLAY DISPERSION ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF POLYPROPYLENE／CLAY COMPOSITES

PP/clay composites with different dispersions, namely, exfoliated dispersion, intercalated dispersion and agglomerates and particle-like dispersion, were prepared by direct melt intercalation or compounding. The effect of clay dispersion on the crystallization and morphology of PP was investigated via PLM, SAXS and DSC. Experimental results show that exfoliated clay layers are much more efficient than intercalated clay and agglomerates of clay in serving as nucleation agent due to the nano-scale dispersion of clay, resulting in a dramatic decrease in crystal size (lamellar thickness and spherulites) and an increase of crystallization temperature and crystallization rate. On the other hand, a decrease of melting temperature and crystallinity was also observed in PP/clay composites with exfoliated dispersion, due to the strong interaction between PP and clay. Compared with exfoliated clay layers, the intercalated clay layers have a less important effect on the crystallization and crystal morphology. No effect is seen for samples with agglomerates and particle-like dispersion, in regard to melting temperature, crystallization temperature, crystal thickness and crystallinity.     

Purification and properties of three cellobiases from Aspergillus niger A20

Three cellobiases, here called cellobiase A, B, and C, from the culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger A20, were purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, gel filtration through Sephadex G-75, and column chromatography of DEAE-cellulose. The purified enzymes were homogeneous on polyacrylamide disk electrophoresis. The mol wt of the purified enzymes were estimated by SDS-gelelectrophoresis to be 88,000, 80,000, and 71,000 for cellobiases A, B, and C, respectively. The enzymes were active at pH 4.5 and 55–60°C. The pattern of their aminoacid compositions showed high contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, serine, and glycine. The apparent K_m values for cellobiose were 0.9, 1.63, and 1.0 mM for cellobiases A, B, and C, respectively. Calcium ions stimulated cellobiases B and C, and Co²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions stimulated cell obiase A. The purified enzymes hydrolyzed cellobiose and aryl-β-d-glucosides, but they had no action on sucrose, maltose, and cellulose. The three cellobiases catalyzed transglycosylate reaction, and the major product formed from cellobiose was tetramer of glucose.     

石墨烯纤维：制备、性能与应用

石墨烯纤维是一种由石墨烯片层紧密有序排列而成的一维宏观组装材料。通过合理的结构设计和可控制备,石墨烯纤维能够将石墨烯在微观尺度的优异性能有效传递至宏观尺度,展现出优异的力学、电学、热学等性能,从而应用于功能织物、传感、能源等领域。目前,石墨烯纤维主要通过湿法纺丝、限域水热组装等方法制备得到,其性能可以通过对材料体系和制备工艺的优化而进一步提升。本文首先介绍了石墨烯纤维的制备方法,然后详细阐述了石墨烯纤维的性能,讨论了其性能提升策略,并总结了石墨烯纤维的应用,最后对石墨烯纤维的未来发展、挑战和前景进行了展望。     

Tautomeric and conformational isomerism of natural hydroxyanthraquinones

Natural 1,5-di-, 1,4,5-tri-, and 1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinones and their anions and metal complexes were shown to be equilibrium mixtures of tautomers and conformers using quantum-chemical and correlation analysis of elecronic absorption spectra. Solvent effects, ionization, complexation, and the introduction and substitution of substituents were accompanied by shifts of tautomeric and conformational equilibria that determine the color of the compounds. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 224–229, May–June, 2006.