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目前,气升式环流生物反应器普遍使用管式气体分布器,管式气体分布器易堵塞,动力效率低。气泡粒径小,动力效率高的微孔气体分布器应用于气升式环流生物反应器的研究少有报道。本文为研究微孔气体分布器应用于气升式环流生物反应器的实际效果,对微孔气体分布器进行结构优化研究,考察分布器形式、直径和安装位置等因素对氧传质系数的影响,进而考察优化后的微孔气体分布器的充氧能力、氧利用率、动力效率等性能参数及其变化规律。指导微孔气体分布器的工业化应用。实验结果表明:盘式微孔气体分布器传质效果优于管式,且盘式微孔气体分布器直径为0.4R时,传质效果最佳;膜盘到导流筒底部距离为1R时,分布器的氧传质系数最大,R为导流筒半径;微孔气体分布器适宜的气体流量为1.5m3/h,充氧能力0.14kg/h,氧利用率为34.63%,动力效率为3.35kg/(kW·h)。 相似文献
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氧传质系数是气液搅拌反应器设计的关键参数,研究新型搅拌桨的氧传质性能对气液两相搅拌反应器的强化有着重要的意义。本文实验研究了气体分布器、搅拌转速、气量对氧传质系数、搅拌功耗及气含率的影响,结果表明,氧传质系数随搅拌转速和气量的增加而增加;并建立了氧传质系数与搅拌功耗和表观气速的经验公式,为进一步放大应用提供了基础。采用欧拉-欧拉多相流模型及群体平衡模型对半弧面新型斜叶桨进行了计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟研究,模拟研究了不同结构、搅拌转速、气量下的流体力学性能和氧传质系数,模拟计算结果与实验值的相对偏差在20%以内;这为研究这一半弧面新型斜叶桨提供了一种可靠的数值模拟方法;优化了半弧面新型斜叶桨的结构,提高了搅拌釜的氧传质效率。 相似文献
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很多废水处理装置涉及非牛顿型流体中的多相流动和传质问题,研究其中的气液传质过程有助于实现装置的优化设计和高效节能运行。以鼓泡反应器内清水和不同质量分数的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液为实验对象,分别研究气相表观气速和液相流变特性对气泡尺寸分布、全局气含率和体积氧传质系数的影响。实验结果表明,液相的流变特性对其传质特性参数均有较大影响。与清水相比,CMC水溶液中气泡平均直径和分布范围更大;清水和CMC水溶液的全局气含率均随表观气速的增加而增大;CMC水溶液的体积氧传质系数随CMC水溶液质量分数的增加而减小。基于实验研究,得出修正的体积氧传质系数公式和适用于幂律型非牛顿流体流动体系氧传递过程的无量纲关联式,可很好地实现非牛顿流体流动的废水处理装置中气液传质参数的计算。 相似文献
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很多废水处理装置涉及非牛顿型流体中的多相流动和传质问题,研究其中的气液传质过程有助于实现装置的优化设计和高效节能运行。以鼓泡反应器内清水和不同质量分数的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液为实验对象,分别研究气相表观气速和液相流变特性对气泡尺寸分布、全局气含率和体积氧传质系数的影响。实验结果表明,液相的流变特性对其传质特性参数均有较大影响。与清水相比,CMC水溶液中气泡平均直径和分布范围更大;清水和CMC水溶液的全局气含率均随表观气速的增加而增大;CMC水溶液的体积氧传质系数随CMC水溶液质量分数的增加而减小。基于实验研究,得出修正的体积氧传质系数公式和适用于幂律型非牛顿流体流动体系氧传递过程的无量纲关联式,可很好地实现非牛顿流体流动的废水处理装置中气液传质参数的计算。 相似文献
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微孔曝气器充氧性能的影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于双膜理论,研究者提出了曝气器充氧过程中氧传质的基本方程dρ/dt=KL a(ρ*∞-ρL),叙述了氧总转移系数KL a和饱和DO质量浓度ρ*∞的主要影响因素,包括几何参数(曝气器浸没深度、曝气器密度、池表面积、曝气器布局)、运行工况(水平流、通气量、污泥龄)和水质条件(表面活性剂、TDS含量)。在一定范围内增大池表面积、通气量或施加水平流均可提高KL a;微孔曝气器采用均匀布置方式或增大曝气器浸没水深有利于氧传质,提高氧转移效率;TDS的质量浓度超过2 g/L,KL a将明显增大;但曝气器浸没深度、曝气器密度和TDS含量对微孔曝气器充氧性能的影响和机理解释仍需进一步研究。温度越低,压力越大或水深越深,ρ*∞越大,这有利于提高曝气器的充氧能力。对微孔曝气器充氧性能影响因素的研究,可为污水处理厂曝气系统的优化运行提供参考。 相似文献
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气升式反应器中三相体系进行半连续操作的气含率和传质特性研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
就出现在细胞培养等气液固三相体系在气升式反应器(ALR)中气含率和传质系数同反应器结构参数、固含量及操作条件之间的关系作了理论推导,在不同结构形式的 ALR 中对空气/0.15NaCl 溶液(内含不同数量的固体颗粒)体系作了实验测定,估计了模型中的待定参数,求出气含率(■)和氧的传质系数(K_Lα):■由此可推算二氧化碳的传质系数,并讨论了反应器高度和气体分布器的影响。 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
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Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2007,35(3):1-25,67
收集了2005年7月~2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院有限公司《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2009,37(3)
收集了2007年7月~2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007~2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍. 相似文献
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Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many
coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ
within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting
organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled.
An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent
is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible.
UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive
substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using
UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control
over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant
UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely
block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology
of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago,
IL. 相似文献
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Miller DR 《Journal of chemical ecology》2006,32(4):779-794
Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA. 相似文献