Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation. Report of two cases

Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation is a relatively uncommon lesion, but must always be considered in the event of trauma to the scapulothoracic area in which initial radiology does not show signs of fracture. Its diagnosis and treatment must be carried out promptly because of the possible serious complications that may occur through the clavicle compressing nearby structures. The authors report two cases, which were diagnosed by CT-scan. In the first case, treatment consisted in orthopedic reduction, while in the second case open reduction and fixation with Kirschner wires was required. The result was satisfactory in both cases, and the patients remain asymptomatic three and five years after trauma.     

下颈椎小关节突脱位前路稳定手术疗效分析

目的探讨下颈椎小关节脱位前路融合内固定的临床效果。方法39例新鲜下颈椎小关节脱位患者,首先在透视下行颅骨牵引复位,34例复位成功(87％)。其中32例完成了颈前路减压、植骨内固定,5例未成功者和3例陈旧性脱位,先行后路切开复位,再一期行前路减压、植骨内固定。结果全部患者均获骨性融合,无迟发性不稳和后凸畸形,术前神经功能正常者术后无一例出现神经损害症状,不全瘫患者术后均有不同程度恢复。结论前路减压融合是治疗下颈椎小关节脱位安全、有效的方法,可获良好的生物学稳定。     

A rare case of spinal injury: bilateral facet dislocation without fracture at the lumbosacral joint

Lumbosacral dislocations are rare disorders; since they were first reported by Watson-Jones [1], only 100 cases have appeared in the literature [2]. A traumatic bilateral lumbosacral dislocation is even rarer, with a mere 10 cases reported [3]. Because of its low incidence and atypical location, the lesion may often go unnoticed on initial clinical assessment [4]. Surgical treatment modalities are not defined, but open reduction and internal fixation are often necessary because of a three-column involvement [5]. In this paper, we report on an initially misdiagnosed case of lumbosacral dislocation treated with open reduction and internal fixation.     

枕颈钢板固定融合治疗齿突骨折伴脊髓损伤

目的　探讨齿状突骨折与迟发性脊髓损伤关系及外科治疗方法选择。方法　对 7例齿突骨折伴迟发性脊髓损伤患者全部施行槽式钢板内固定及取髂骨植骨融合术。随访 6个月～ 48个月 ,平均 2 8个月。结果　 7例枕颈植骨全部融合 ,功能评价 :优 6例 ,良 1例。结论　认为陈旧性齿突骨折 ,造成寰枢椎不稳 ,最终导致寰枢椎脱位及脊髓压迫 ,应积极选择牵引复位 ,后方减压 ,坚强内固定及枕颈融合术。     

舟骨骨折—月骨周围脱位的诊断与手术治疗的临床研究

目的：总结舟骨骨折月骨周围脱位的诊断和切开复位内固定舟骨骨折同时修复损伤韧带的临床研究。方法：2005年5月至2011年12月共收治患者13例,通过病史、体征结合X光及CT+三维重建明确诊断,采用切开复位腕骨内固定舟骨骨折,同时修复腕骨间韧带,克氏针暂时固定手术治疗。结果：13例患者均受随访,时间24-55个月,平均29.6个月。全部患者舟骨骨折完全愈合,未发现有舟骨近端及月骨缺血性坏死发生,手术前后对腕关节采用Cooney临床评分系统,术后13例患者Cooney评分75-95分,平均87分,优良率可达84.6%。结论：通过病史、体征结合X光及CT+三维重建可明确诊断,早期切开解剖复位内固定结合腕骨间韧带修补及克氏针暂时内固定可防止部分腕骨缺血坏死及腕骨间不稳、腕骨高度塌陷,降低了远期腕关节创伤性关节炎的发生率。     

Galeazzi-equivalent lesions in adolescence

Two cases of a Galeazzi-equivalent lesion in adolescence are described. Accurate diagnosis of the epiphyseal injury of the distal ulna, rigid fixation of the distal radius, and stabilization of the distal radioulnar joint are keys in obtaining a good result in the treatment of Galeazzi-equivalent lesion in adolescence.     

髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.     

Peripheral talar fractures

Peripheral fractures of the talus are uncommon and often overlooked. CT scanning has become the imaging modality of choice and is necessary for decision making on treatment. Displaced peripheral fractures have to be managed with open reduction and internal fixation. Precise anatomical reduction is necessary to achieve a good result. A rigid internal fixation with interfragmentary lag screws is the method of choice in almost all fractures, which allows early postoperative mobilization. The outcome is related to the degree of the chondral lesion and the degree of instability of the subtalar joint, but it may be poor due to the treatment. Early diagnosis and proper treatment achieve the best possible results and prevent long-term complications. Typical complications of the fracture are nonunion and malalignment with slight subtalar instability or osseous overgrowth with secondary impingement and posttraumatic subtalar arthritis.     

关节镜辅助下切开复位内固定治疗踝关节骨折的临床观察

目的：探讨Lauge-HansenⅣ度踝关节骨折关节镜辅助下手术治疗的临床效结果。方法：自2008年1月至2009年12月,对42例踝关节骨折采用关节镜辅助下切开复位内固定治疗。骨折按Lauge-Hansen分类法：旋后外旋型Ⅳ度26例,女11例,男15例,平均年龄（36.8±11.7）岁;旋前外旋型Ⅳ度16例,女6例,男10例,平均年龄（37.6±11.2）岁。所有患者在关节镜辅助下行骨折切开复位内固定,镜下观察韧带及软骨损伤情况,下胫腓联合分离患者行下胫腓联合螺钉固定,软骨损伤按Cheng-Ferkel分期进行治疗。临床疗效采用AOFAS评分系统进行评价。结果：42例均获随访,时间1年。术后AOFAS评分为（92.00±9.32）分,临床疗效优28例,良11例,可3例,其中31例存在不同程度的软骨损伤。无软骨损伤患者的AOFAS评分高于软骨损伤患者,C级以下软骨损伤患者的AOFAS评分高于C级以上软骨损伤患者,无软骨损伤患者的AOFAS评分高于C级以上软骨损伤患者。下胫腓联合固定患者AOFAS评分低于未固定组患者。结论：Lauge-HansenⅣ度踝关节骨折常合并有关节内软骨及周围韧带损伤,其中下胫腓联合损伤及C级以上的软骨损伤是导致踝关节功能恢复欠佳的重要因素,关节镜辅助下切开复位内固定治疗不仅利于关节面的解剖复位,同时可以对合并的软骨和韧带损伤进行更好的诊治,从而提高手术的临床效果。     

陈旧性颈椎小关节脱位的稳定性重建

１９８８年１２月～１９９３年１２月治疗１２例陈旧性颈椎小关节脱位，其中男８例，女４例，平均年龄３７．８岁，受伤至入院时间平均３．７个月。脱位节段为Ｃ３，４１例，Ｃ４，５４例，Ｃ５，６４例，Ｃ６，７３例。单侧关节脱位７例，双侧关节脱位５例。入院时检查有脊髓和神经根症状５例，仅有神经根症状５例，无脊髓和神经根症状２例。治疗方法是在关节突切除、植骨融合的基础上，分别在椎板或棘突上用钢丝固定４例，用Ｌｕｑｕｅ棒固定１例，前路松解加后路椎板成形减压１例，不作内固定而在术后持续颅骨牵引６例。平均随访３年２个月，比较４种治疗方法的效果，发现术后采用持续颅骨牵引的复位效果较好。其原因可能是手术切除了交锁的关节突后，持续的颅骨牵引可使已瘢痕化的脱位椎骨间连接逐渐松动，趋于恢复到正常的颈椎轴线，并在这个过程中复位的椎骨间发生融合，稳定了脊柱     

手术治疗移位髋臼骨折

目的：探讨移位髋臼骨折的诊断及外科治疗方法。方法：1995－2001年，共收治此类损伤32例。按Letournel分类，选用不同的手术入路进行切开复位内固定。结果：按术后X线标准，解剖复位18例，复位欠佳8例，不满意6例；按Matta临床评分，优19例，良8例，可3例，差2例，优良率84．4％。结论：治疗效果的关键是正确诊断，严格掌握手术适应证，选择合适的手术入路，充分利用两点加压复位及双螺钉复位技术。     

Surgical treatment of osteochondroma on the first rib by double clavicle osteotomy and internal fixation with a reconstruction plate: A case report and literature review

IntroductionThe accepted indication for surgical removal of osteochondroma is when a lesion becomes symptomatic. There have been no established standard surgical approaches to remove osteochondroma on the first rib and no report on management after that. This report aims to present a novel approach by double clavicle osteotomy followed with internal fixation.Case presentationA 17-year-old female presented with a gradually enlarged bony mass with tenderness at the supraclavicular area. Radiographic images revealed a bony mass attached to the first rib. The provisional diagnosis is osteochondroma. The tumor was approached by osteotomy at the proximal and distal shaft of the clavicle. After removing the entire tumor, the direct reduction and internal fixation of the clavicle were performed.DiscussionBoth, size of the mass and mobilization of the clavicle are factors in determining the surgical approach. Clavicular osteotomy, especially two sites, is considered when the lesion is extremely large. A possible complication after the clavicular osteotomy is nonunion or malunion. A proper technique of reduction and method of fixation contributes to reducing complications.ConclusionThe double clavicle osteotomy is an effective route for removing a large tumor at the first rib. Plate fixation following clavicular osteotomy contributes to bone union and excellent functional outcomes postoperatively.     

踝关节塔门型骨折22例临床分析

踝关节塔门型骨折是一种少见且治疗困难的关节内骨折。本文介绍２２例该类骨折，分别采用单纯手法复位石膏外固定、撬拨复位钢针内固定、切开复位钢针内固定和踝关节融合术等方法。其结果以撬拨复位、切开复位钢针内固定的效果较好，而单纯手法复位石膏外固定和关节融合术的疗效较差，文中着重讨论了该病的发病机理，诊断及治疗等问题。     

髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.     

髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.     

Transphyseal distal humeral separation in neonates: A case series

IntroductionBirth trauma is a rare condition. Typically, injury in neonates occurs as a result of obstetrical manipulation to allow delivery or from trauma sustained during a difficult passage through the birth canal. Transphyseal separation of the humerus is particularly rare. Diagnosis is not always straightforward and is prone to mistakes. There is a general consensus that the outcome is usually favorable. It is generally agreed that the fracture needs to be realigned, while the suggested methods in contention vary from a simple plaster cast to closed and even open reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation. The purpose of this study was to review our experience in treating transphyseal distal humeral separation in neonates to better define the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway.MethodsTen consecutive cases of transphyseal distal humeral separation in neonates were treated at our institution between September 2008 and June 2021. All cases were reviewed and clinical data collected on birth injury risk factors, diagnostic workup, age at diagnosis and treatment, and type of treatment. Results of treatment and outcome were analyzed for time to fracture union, complications and clinical alignment, range of motion and residual pain at the latest follow-up.ResultsMean age at diagnosis was 4.2 days (range 0 to 9 days) and time between diagnosis and treatment varied from three to 26 h (average 15 h). Risk factors for birth injury were present in six patients. Four patients were initially treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization, all the other cases were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Arthrography was performed at the time of treatment in six cases. Average follow-up was 37 months (range 12 to 120 months). At the latest follow-up, all fractures had healed with full range of motion. No clinical or radiographic deformity requiring repeated surgery or physeal damage was observed.ConclusionsThis rare lesion may occur both in the presence and in the absence of risk factors. Due to the rarity of the injury, misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis are not uncommon. Treatment with closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation is advisable and safe.     

弹性髓内钉内固定在儿童肱骨溶骨性病变中的应用研究

目的探讨弹性髓内钉在儿童肱骨溶骨性病变中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析上海交通大学附属儿童医院2013年至2018年收治的18例肱骨溶骨性病变患者临床资料。所有患者均行刮除植骨联合电刀磨钻并辅以弹性髓内钉内固术,根据病灶愈合标准、Mirels评分及美国骨肿瘤学会评分系统(MSTS)评分评价预后情况。结果所有患者术后均随访18个月以上。根据病灶愈合标准,病灶复发3例,持续存在1例,缺损愈合2例,病灶愈合12例;Mirels评分8分3例,7分1例,6分2例,0分12例;术前MSTS评分4~8分,平均6分,术后MSTS评分22~30分,平均28分,手术前后MSTS评分差异有统计学意义(t=18.044,P=0.0043)。结论对于儿童肱骨溶骨性病变,弹性髓内钉内固定是一种安全、有效的辅助措施,它可以提高术后肢体功能,有效降低病变复发后病理性骨折发生风险。     

Unstable dorsal fractrue-dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal jont

Four cases of unstable fracture-dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are reproted, including 3 isolated dorsal fracture-dislocation and 1 dorsal fracture-dislocation associated with a fracture of the fourth metacarpal bone. All cases required open reduction and Kirschner wire fixation which resulted in good function. Attention is drawn to the frequent delay in diagnosis. The applied anatomy is discussed.     

Verletzungen der Fußwurzel, Luxationen und Frakturen im Lisfranc-Gelenk

Lisfranc injuries are rare, accounting for under 1% of all fractures. In 90% of cases the dislocation is combined with a fracture, while in the remaining 10% the ligaments only are affected. The injury can present in various ways. Isolated complex foot trauma is not difficult to diagnose, but in more than 20% of all Lisfranc luxations the diagnosis is missed. This is because when confronted with a multiply traumatised patient physicians concentrate on any life-threatening injuries and not on the foot, but the diagnosis of Lisfranc injury is very often missed even after low-energy trauma because the presentation is occult. In addition to the history, knowledge of the condition of the soft tissues and skill in the interpretation of X-rays and also of the results of computer tomography are necessary. The treatment of choice is open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires ore single screws. Concomitant compartment syndrome is present in up to 60% of cases. Good functional results can be achieved by timely diagnosis, early internal fixation with anatomical reduction and consistent management of soft tissue.     

旋转和垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折患者的诊断和治疗

目的探讨旋转和垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的临床特点及其急诊处理、诊断和治疗方法选择。方法回顾性分析18例存在旋转和垂直不稳定的骨盆骨折患者，10例保守治疗，8例手术治疗。8例手术患者骨盆前环骨折均行切开复位内固定，2例耻骨上支骨折采用重建钢板固定，2例采用拉力螺钉固定，4例耻骨联合分离患者均采用双钢板固定；6例骨盆后环骨折患者采用切开复位双钢板固定，2例在CT引导下经皮置入骶髂关节松质骨拉力螺钉固定。结果18例患者全部恢复行走功能，所有保守治疗患者骨盆骨折均畸形愈合，遗留骶髂关节部位酸痛6例，遗留双小腿、双足麻木3例，行走跛行2例。8例手术治疗患者骨盆外形均恢复好，仅1例患者诉沿髂嵴切口有不适，2例CT引导下经皮置入骶髂关节螺钉患者骨盆外形接近完全恢复，功能恢复快而满意。结论旋转和垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折患者保守治疗效果差，宜首选内固定手术治疗，宜同时固定骨盆前、后环或先行前环切开复位内固定，2～3d后再次在CT引导下经皮置入骶髂关节螺钉内固定。CT引导下经皮置入骶髂关节螺钉手术操作简单、时间短、出血少、固定牢靠，是固定骶髂关节骨折脱位的首选方法。