基于FPGA的OFDM系统同步算法的研究

符号、载波偏移严重影响着正交频分复用(OFDM)接收系统的性能.本文在分析和研究同步估计算法的基础上,设计了一种OFDM同步系统实现方案,并对符号偏移,载波频偏和采样钟偏移的估计及补偿算法和具体电路实现进行了相应优化.并采用VirtexII系列xc2v1000 FPGA进行实现验证,结果表明该同步系统不仅能有效地实现OFDM系统符号和载波同步,而且可降低硬件资源的消耗.     

一种无需导频的适用于差分OFDM系统的符号与采样钟联合同步方法

该文提出了一种适用于OFDM系统的联合符号和采样钟同步校正方法,其中同步校正是在数字域通过改变对接收过采样信号的插值(interpolation)和抽取(decimation)实现的。这种方法在发送端相邻载波间采用差分QPSK调制,在接收端利用QPSK的差分解调信号获得同步误差信号,从而获得关于OFDM符号同步和采样钟同步调整的算法,其特点是无需专门的同步导频信号。所提出算法的同步性能在高斯白噪声信道和多径衰落信道均得到验证。     

DVB-T接收端同步系统设计与仿真

提出了一种DVB-T接收端的同步方案,包括符号粗同步-精载波频偏联合同步、符号精同步-采样钟相位联合估计、粗载波频偏估计3个部分,完成DVB-T接收端同步,并给出了该同步方案在高斯信道、莱斯信道下的仿真结果.     

数据辅助的OFDM联合同步算法

提出了一种数据辅助的载波、符号与采样频率同步的联合算法。首先完成载波与符号同步,然后利用符号同步算法中提取的定时标记,在接收端统计L个符号内的采样点数,与发射端L个符号内采样点数相比进行采样频率同步。仿真结果表明,算法性能与统计时间长度及定时算法有关。此外算法在时域完成,提高了同步速度。     

基于FPGA的OFDM系统采样钟同步

利用频域离散导频估计采样钟频偏,采用Farrow结构的数字内插滤波器完成采样钟频偏补偿,并且在充分考虑硬件可实现性下作了简化,从而实现了基于FPGA的全数字域采样钟同步模块,基于实测数据的分析表明,该模块不仅有稳定的性能,而且其模块化设计也有利于更高阶算法或多通道系统的实现。     

一种基于二倍钟采样的OFDM载波偏差估计算法

本文从OFDM信号的二倍钟采样出发,给出了一种载波偏差估计算法,该算法直接利用时域信号的采样来估计载波偏差,克服了频域实现算法受载波偏差影响大的缺点,使得算法在不同的载波偏移下具有相同的估计精度,载波偏差估计范围大,同时该算法充分利用信号的有效能量,估计精度高,优于采用循环前缀的算法;论文同时给出了算法性能的理论分析和计算机仿真结果.     

多载波传输系统的频偏及采样钟联合补偿算法

以LTE下行信道为代表的多载波多天线传输系统中,不仅需要频域及时域补偿算法,且对不同接收通道的处理一致性提出了要求。利用内插滤波器组实现了联合数字补偿算法,并完成了该同步方案的定点化硬件实现。仿真及硬件实测结果表明,所提出的算法可基于流水线架构的处理过程,有效实现接收端的联合频偏及采样钟补偿,并有效满足多天线接收通道的一致性处理要求。     

基于无线帧的物理层网络编码同步误差性能

物理层网络编码充分利用无线信道的广播特性,能够有效提高网络吞吐量和带宽利用率。但是物理层网络编码的性能受到载波相位、载波频率、时间、采样钟不同步的影响,因此分析同步误差对物理层网络编码性能影响具有重要的研究意义。基于单载波系统,针对使用BPSK调制的无线通信系统,从理论上分析了一定帧长下,载波相位、载波频率、时间及采样时钟同步误差对系统性能的影响。分析结果表明,在载波相位和时间不同步两种情形下,物理层网络编码性能不受帧长影响;而在载波频率和采样时钟不同步两种情形下,系统性能均随帧长的增加而有所下降,其中采样时钟不同步情形受帧长影响最大。     

APSK信号解调算法研究

针对APSK数字调制信号的解调测试需求,设计适用于信号分析仪的APSK数字调制信号解调方法。本文采用前馈解调方案,首先经过载波粗同步去除较大载波频偏,其次通过定时同步恢复出符号周期的最佳采样时刻,最后经过载波细同步流程去除剩余频偏,完成信号解调。经过采集数据验证,证明了本文所提算法可实现APSK信号的大频偏、高精度解调,满足解调测试需求。     

数字电视视频广播的关键技术--OFDM及其同步

研究数字地面视频广播(DVB-T)OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex)传输系统接收端的同步.根据DVB-T标准和OFDM原理,在FFT前该方案采用多载波系统时域的保护间隔所携带的冗余信息进行粗符号同步和分数粗频偏估计;在FFT后,利用频域插入的连续导频进行整数倍频偏估计、分数细频偏及采样钟偏移估计,利用散布导频实现精符号同步.     

Multi-Hop WiMAX Networks: A New Opportunistic Algorithm Using AMC and PUSC Mode for Different Mobility Users

Resource allocation algorithms play the main role in provisioning high throughput in broad band wireless communications. The previous studies in WiMAX networks have considered either AMC or PUSC techniques for the resource allocation algorithms. In this way, AMC based algorithms have presented high throughput for low speed users. Conversely, PUSC based algorithms have not been affected by users’ speed, whilst the throughput is low. To date, the importance of presenting proportional fair and maintaining the network throughput for the users with different speeds has not been acknowledged yet. This paper presents a novel opportunistic algorithm which is suitable for the users with different mobility speeds. The new algorithm uses two modes of AMC and PUSC simultaneously. The simulation results reveal that in comparison to similar algorithms, the proposed algorithm presents more proportional fair throughput when there are both high and low speed users.     

A Novel Scheduling Algorithm for Low and High Mobility Users in Multi-hop WiMAX Network

QoS provisioning and high capacity for high mobility users are considered as the distresses of broadband wireless communications (BWC) and specifically the key technology of WiMAX. Hence, the scheduling and resource allocation algorithms play the main role in this regard. In the research conducted on scheduling algorithms in WiMAX network, two principal methods of AMC and PUSC are used. The high capacity in AMC mode algorithms is achieved by considering the low speed users. Conversely, in PUSC mode algorithms, speed does not affect the network performances; however, the capacity is low. To date, the importance of presenting QoS and maintaining the network capacity for the users with different speeds has not been acknowledged yet. This paper presents novel scheduling algorithms and also new frame partitioning scheme which are proper for the users with different mobility speeds. The new algorithm uses two modes of AMC and PUSC simultaneously to maintain the high capacity of the network. QoS is also provided. The simulation results reveal that our algorithm increases capacity while it presents low packet delay and packet loss rate in the presence of both high and low mobility speed users.     

基于WiMax的无线回程容量开销分析

文章主要分析讨论了基于802．16e版本的WiMax用于点对点无线回程传输的头部开销及容量大小。重点分析了信头中FCH（控制帧头）以及下行DL—MAP（下行接入消息）在回程传输中需要的资源大小，再依据这些大小限制进行下行PUSC（部分占用子信道）配置最终估算出容量大小。     

Partial internal model control

Internal model control (IMC) is a well-known and effective control scheme. However, when unstable processes are concerned, the original IMC structure cannot be directly used for control system implementation. In this paper, a new scheme called partial internal model control (PIMC) is proposed, which is capable of controlling both stable and unstable processes. In PIMC, a process model is expressed as the sum of the stable and antistable parts and only the stable part of the process model is used as the internal model. The process stable part is canceled by the internal model and the remaining antistable part is stabilized and controlled with a primary controller, which is usually a PID-type regulator when the antistable part is of a low order. Various properties of a PIMC system such as internal stability and robust stability are analyzed. The design of PIMC is discussed in detail. Various simulation examples are included for illustration and a real-time implementation on a motor system is presented     

A two wave theory of traveling-wave tubes and backward-wave oscillations

Starting from Pierce's small-signal TWT equations, a two-wave theory for complicated TWT's and BWO's is developed. Explicit gain expressions for TWT's with severs and velocity tapers are given. A detailed treatment is given of a BWA structure with a single-step velocity taper in the center. The BWO start oscillation current is calculated as a function of the taper strength. The effciency of a step velocity taper as a remedy for backward-wave oscillations in the higher passbands of a TWT is then analyzed. It is shown that a suitable taper can increase the start oscillation current by more than a factor of 10 without adverse effects on the TWT performance if the backward waye coupling impedance is low. A tube with a weak linear taper is analyzed by a perturbation technique and it is found that there is no significant difference between the start oscillation currents for tubes with weak linear or abrupt tapers of comparable strengths.     

High-Chip-Count UWB Biphase Coding for Multiuser UWB-Over-Fiber System

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel technique to optically generate high-chip-count, phase-coded direct-sequence (DS) ultrawideband (UWB) signals for multiple-access UWB communications. In the proposed system, a lightwave from a laser source is phase-modulated by a Gaussian pulse train. The phase-modulated lightwave is then sent to a polarization modulator, to modulate the polarization state of the lightwave by a code pattern. The polarization-coded optical signal is then converted into a biphase-coded DS-UWB signal by a polarization-dependent frequency discriminator. The key device in the proposed system is the frequency discriminator, which is implemented using a length of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and a polarizer. A 127-chip, biphase-coding DS-UWB that has a data rate of 26.46 Mb/s and a chip rate of 3.36 Gb/s is experimentally generated. A multiuser UWB-over-fiber system is then proposed and a two-user system is demonstrated, in which the encoding is performed experimentally and the decoding is performed by numerically calculating the correlation between the coded UWB signal and the signature sequence. The signal of each user is well recognized. An effective two-user UWB-over-fiber system based on the DS-UWB technology is thus demonstrated.      

A Study on Straight-Line Tracking and Posture Control in Electric Bicycle

The development of automatic control for driving a bicycle is a challenging theme and is expected to be a human assist system. Previously, an acceleration-based method for stabilizing bicycle posture was proposed by the authors. In the experiments with this controller, the posture of the bicycle might be stabilized, but it is impossible to run on the desired trajectory, because there is no consideration with respect to a trajectory control. For the sake of expanding this system into more sophisticated equipment, a realization of the trajectory control for the bicycle is important. From the viewpoint of an assist system for human motion, a unified control of posture and trajectory brings a sophisticated function to a bicycle, and a high-performance bicycle is expected to be a convenient vehicle, similar to a small car. This paper proposes two strategies to stabilize bicycle posture and trajectory control that realizes a straight-line tracking: one is a lateral velocity controller, and the other is a steering function controller. The validity of the proposed approaches is evaluated by simulations and experiments.     

Diffraction and Reflection of a Plane Electromagnetic Wave by a Right-Angled Impedance Wedge

The interior of a right-angled impedance wedge is a natural model of a corner reflector and is of interest in the development of wireless propagation models. Using a previously-developed solution for the diffraction of a plane wave by a wedge of arbitrary angle, the geometrical optics field is determined and the diffracted field is computed. If an impedance compatibility condition is not met, the geometrical optics field is discontinuous across a plane specified by the edge of the wedge and the incident field direction. The diffracted field is required to compensate for this and its magnitude is proportional to the discontinuity. The field is computed for a variety of impedances and incident angles. Simple analytical approximations are also provided and their accuracy quantified.      

A dual planar reflectarray with synthesized phase and amplitude distribution

A quasi-planar reflector arrangement for generating an arbitrary phase and amplitude distribution in the antenna aperture and thus a wide range of far field patterns is presented. A parallel pair of reflectarrays is used. One is implemented as a standard reflectarray using rectangular patches on a microwave substrate with metallized backside. The other reflectarray is provided with a polarizing grid, which acts as a ground plane for one polarization and is transparent for the orthogonal polarization. An offset rectangular feed horn is embedded in the lower reflectarray to illuminate the upper reflector. A design procedure for a linear polarized antenna with a sector beam in the azimuth and a narrow beam width in the elevation is presented and is verified with measurement results.     

A tunable polarization-independent liquid-crystal Fabry-Perotinterferometer filter

The authors propose a simple structure for a tunable polarization-independent wavelength-selective filter. This successfully fabricated filter consists of a liquid crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer, a γ/4 plate, and a mirror. The input light is divided into a transmitted light and a reflected light. The polarization of this reflected light is rotated 90° by the γ/4 plate and the mirror and then this light is input again into the filter. The bandwidth is 0.48 nm and the tuning range is 50 nm. Fiber-to-fiber loss is approximately 3.9 dB and polarization dependence of the loss is approximately 0.3 dB