自适应光学系统中高精跟踪回路性能在线分析

在自适应光学系统中,高精跟踪回路的闭环误差由未完全补偿的跟踪残余误差和倾斜噪声误差组成。利用高精跟踪回路闭环残余倾斜数据和电压数据,可以计算高精跟踪回路的跟踪残余误差、倾斜噪声以及开环倾斜误差。基于此种方法对1．2m望远镜61单元白适应光学系统中高精跟踪回路的性能进行了在线分析。分析结果表明,系统引入的噪声随着所观测恒星星等的增加而增加．     

弱光61单元自适应光学系统的控制优化

在自适应光学系统中,波前校正残误差主要由未完全补偿湍流所引起的误差和系统闭环噪声组成。基于一阶比例－积分控制器分析了弱光６１单元适应光学系统的控制特性。在此基础上风云地非Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ湍流情况,提出一种根据实际测量的大气湍流波前扰动功率谱来确定系统,针对非Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ湍流情况,提出一根据实际测量的大气湍流波前扰动功率谱来确定系统最优控制带宽的新方法。应用这种方法对弱光６１单元自适应光     

应用功率谱方法分析自适应光学系统噪声

在自适应光学系统中,系统噪声是其波前校正残余误差的主要组成部分之一。从波前探测器噪声引入着手,应用功率谱方法分析了探测器噪声在自适应光学系统闭环校正过程的传递．应用这种方法对６１单元自适应光学系统的噪声进行了理论和实验结果的对比．     

基于MEMS技术的自适应光学系统的研究

用自适应光学系统来校正由大气湍流等产生的波前畸变,能够得到很好的效果.通过对自适应光学系统的工作原理进行研究,提出了一种基于MEMS技术的微小型自适应光学系统校正波前畸变的方法,将MEMS技术应用于变形反射镜,并构建了具体的实验平台,用来校正一种人为产生的波前畸变,且阐述了具体的实验过程.实验结果表明,基于MEMS技术的自适应光学系统能够很好地闭环校正波前畸变,且其体积小、质量轻、校正性能稳定,为自适应光学技术在星载相机上的应用提供了依据.     

大气湍流随机相位屏的数值模拟和验证

本文使用傅立叶变换法对符合Kolmogorov谱的大气随机相位屏进行了数值模拟,采用三层随机相位屏叠加模拟大气湍流.通过比较模拟相位屏的相位结构函数和理论值的符合度对相位屏的统计特性进行了验证,利用长曝光传递函数和相位结构函数计算大气相干长度r0.结果表明,用傅立叶变换法模拟的随机相位屏是正确的,但相位结构函数存在明显的低频空间频率成分不足,采用三层随机相位屏叠加对相位结构函数和理论值的符合度有所改善,实际r0值比设计值偏大.     

大气湍流随机相位屏的数值模拟和验证大气湍流随机相位屏的数值模拟和验证

本文使用傅立叶变换法对符合Kolmogorov谱的大气随机相位屏进行了数值模拟，采用三层随机相位屏叠加模拟大气湍流。通过比较模拟相位屏的相位结构函数和理论值的符合度对相位屏的统计特性进行了验证，利用长曝光传递函数和相位结构函数计算大气相干长度r0。结果表明，用傅立叶变换法模拟的随机相位屏是正确的，但相位结构函数存在明显的低频空间频率成分不足，采用三层随机相位屏叠加对相位结构函数和理论值的符合度有所改善，实际r0值比设计值偏大。     

自适应光学系统中实时自适应控制的仿真研究

介绍和分析了一种利用校正残差进行实时迭代的自适应控制算法，可以应用到校正大气湍流的实际自适应光学系统。利用61单元自适应光学系统上实际采集的大气湍流扰动信号，实现了自适应控制算法，并对这种算法的收敛性、稳定性、控制效果等进行了计算机仿真研究，与常规PID算法进行了比较。     

一种快速自适应卡尔曼滤波算法

本文提出了一种快速自适应卡尔曼滤波算法，其增益矩阵可在观测噪声和状态噪声未知的情况下，直接由观测数据得到。计算机模拟及实测数据的处理结果表明，与一般自适应卡尔曼滤波算法相比，此算法具有简单、有效，便于实时处理的特点。     

基于脉动阵列的自适应光学实时波前处理机设计

针对自适应光学系统对波前处理机高计算量、高实时性的要求,本文提出了一种基于脉动阵列的自适应光学实时波前处理方法.该方法将脉动阵列的概念引入波前处理机设计,完成了波前斜率计算、复原运算和控制运算向脉动阵列的映射,合理地建立了数据的深度流水线,同时分析了以FPGA技术实现时系统的计算延时.对于48个子孔径,61单元的自适应光学系统,以一片Xilinx Virex-Ⅱ XC2V3000芯片实现了基于脉动阵列的实时波前处理机,实验测得计算延时仅8.6μs,结果表明该方法能极大地提高系统的实时性,集成度、通用性和扩展性.     

相位共轭自适应光学回波算法和多目标捕获特性

本文首次用回波算法导出相位共轭自适应光学系统的三个前提条件,论证了在大气扰动中实现波前校正的可行性,并对相位共轭自适应光学系统的多目标捕获特性进行了讨论。     

Open-loop control of liquid-crystal spatial light modulators for vertical atmospheric turbulence wavefront correction

We present an open-loop adaptive optics (AO) system based on two liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (LCSLMs) that profit from high precision wavefront generation and good repeatability. A wide optical bandwidth of 300 nm is designed for the system, and a new open-loop optical layout is invented to conveniently switch between the open and closed loop. The corresponding control algorithm is introduced with a loop frequency (the reciprocal of the total time delay of a correction loop) of 103 Hz. The system was mounted onto a 2.16 m telescope for vertical atmospheric turbulence correction. The full width at half-maximum of the image of the star α Boo reached 0.636 arc sec after the open-loop correction, while it was 2.12 arc sec before the correction. The result indicates that the open-loop AO system based on LCSLMs potentially has the ability to be used for general astronomical applications.     

Coherent Doppler lidar signal covariance including wind shear and wind turbulence

The performance of a coherent Doppler lidar is determined by the statistics of the coherent Doppler signal. The derivation and calculation of the covariance of the Doppler lidar signal for random atmospheric wind fields and wind shear are presented. The signal parameters are defined for a general coherent Doppler lidar system in terms of the atmospheric parameters. There are two distinct physical regimes: one in which the transmitted pulse determines the signal statistics and the other in which the wind field and the atmospheric parameters dominate the signal statistics. When the wind fields dominate the signal statistics, Doppler lidar data are nonstationary and the signal correlation time is proportional to the operating wavelength of the lidar. The signal covariance is derived for signal-shot and multiple-shot conditions. For a single shot, the parameters of the signal covariance depend on the random, instantaneous atmospheric parameters. For multiple shots, various levels of ensemble averaging over the t emporal scales of the atmospheric processes are required. The wind turbulence is described by a Kolmogorov spectrum with an outer scale of turbulence. The effects of the wind turbulence are demonstrated with calculations for a horizontal propagation path in the atmospheric surface layer.     

Modelling and parameter estimation for fly-by-wire aircraft/control systems

This paper covers in detail the issues related to parameter estimation of open loop dynamics of fly-by-wire aircraft/control systems from closed loop data. System identifiability aspects in the closed loop and the effect of various feedback types on the parameterisation of the system matrices are reviewed. The methods commonly employed for the detection of collinearity in the data are discussed. A brief discussion of the common methods used for analysis of unstable/augmented aircraft are given. Also, controller information based identification method (CIBIM), which utilises knowledge of the controller in the analysis, is presented. The discussion is followed by numerical results of application of the techniques to simulated data.     

Dual update-rate carrier tracking technique for new generation global navigation satellite system signals in dynamic environments

With the upcoming of modernised Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo, the new generation global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) will be able to provide the users a better positioning performance. An important modification on most of the new generation GNSS signal structures is the availability of the pilot channel, which stands for an additional measurement obtained; moreover, a pure phase-locked loop (PLL) can be used in carrier-phase tracking loop. Utilising this characteristic, the authors present a dual update-rate PLL for modernised GNSS signals to deal with the well-known dilemma that the usage of long coherent integral time can help in reducing the noise from thermal effects, whereas the usage of short coherent integral time can permit the tracking loop to suffer more dynamics stress. By processing data and pilot channels with different coherent integral times, different discriminators, and then performing the fusion of those two different update-rate measurements in a Kalman-filter-based loop filter, this loop offers several advantages over the traditional methods in dynamic and low carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) environments. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed dual update-rate PLL shows good performance in both dynamic and low CNR environments.     

Comparative study of the beam-width spreading of partially coherent Hermite-sinh-Gaussian beams in atmospheric turbulence

Taking the partially coherent Hermite-sinh-Gaussian (H-ShG) beam as a more general type of partially coherent beams, a comparative study of the beam-width spreading of partially coherent H-ShG beams in atmospheric turbulence is performed by using the relative width, normalized beam width, and turbulence length. It is shown that the relative width versus the beam parameters, such as the spatial correlation length sigma(0), beam orders m, n, Sh-part parameter Omega(0), and waist width w(0), provides a simple and intuitive insight into the beam-width spreading of partially coherent H-ShG beams in turbulence, and the results are consistent with those using the turbulence length. The validity of our results is interpreted physically.     

Coherence Length of a Gaussian-Schell Beam and Atmospheric Turbulence

Abstract

The theoretical relationship between the coherence length and phase-front randomness is analysed using a Gaussian-Schell source and beam model for light propagating through a turbulent atmosphere. Computer results are given which show that partially coherent sources are less influenced by atmospheric turbulence than are coherent sources.     

M分布模型下多跳相干OFDM FSO系统的性能研究

本文在涵盖了从弱湍流到强湍流的所有信道条件,能够表征现有大多数湍流信道的M分布模型下,采用QPSK调制方式研究了多跳相干OFDM FSO系统的性能。系统在中继辅助链路的发射机和接收机之间使用DF中继协议。考虑大气湍流、路径损耗以及瞄准误差对大气信道衰落模型的联合作用,分别推导出系统的中断概率和误符号率的Meijer G形式的闭合表达式。通过仿真分析了中继链路长度、中继节点数以及子载波个数等关键因素对系统的中断性能和误符号率性能的影响。本研究为中继系统的实际应用奠定了理论基础。     

A closed loop ML algorithm for phase aberration correction in phased array imaging systems. I. Algorithm synthesis and experimental results [Ultrasound medical imaging

A new closed loop algorithm is described, based on the maximum likelihood theory, that corrects phase aberrations in phased array coherent imaging systems using phase estimates which are directly obtained from measured data (and not from estimated correlation functions). It has the advantage of estimating phase differences with respect to the same reference, and not phase differences between signals in adjacent array elements, eliminating the need to perform an integration to get the phase aberration profile. It allows for a real time implementation, in the sense that corrected data flows out of the circuit at the same rate that input data is fed into it. Being a closed loop algorithm, it is able to track time variations that may occur in the phase aberrations and, as in any phase lock loop circuit, it shows a trade-off between acquisition time and phase jitter.     

Optical fiber-based laser remote sensor for airborne measurement of wind velocity and turbulence

We discuss an optical fiber-based continuous-wave coherent laser system for measuring the wind speed in undisturbed air ahead of an aircraft. The operational principles of the instrument are described, and estimates of performance are presented. The instrument is demonstrated as a single line of sight, and data from the inaugural test flight of August 2010 is presented. The system was successfully operated under various atmospheric conditions, including cloud and clear air up to 12?km (40,300?ft).     

Atmospheric turbulence effects on a partially coherent Gaussian beam: implications for free-space laser communication

A partially coherent quasi-monochromatic Gaussian laser beam propagating in atmospheric turbulence is examined by using a derived analytic expression for the cross-spectral density function. Expressions for average intensity, beam size, phase front radius of curvature, and wave-front coherence length are obtained from the cross-spectral density function. These results provide a model for a free-space laser transmitter with a phase diffuser used to reduce pointing errors.