差示扫描量热法测定涂料中锌含量测量不确定度评估

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了一种无机硅酸锌车间底漆中的锌含量,讨论了DSC法的测量重复性、涂料配制过程、锌标样的测量重复性、仪器热量准确度等因素所带来的不确定度分量,计算了测定涂料中锌含量的合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度。当包含因子k=2、置信水平p=95%时,锌含量的测量不确定的为测量结果的1.1%。     

水杨酸的全熔点温度的测量不确定度评定

以自动熔点仪分别测定非那西丁、磺胺标准品和水杨酸供试品的熔点,用标准品的理论熔点和校正值拟合回归方程。通过分析不确定来源,建立测量模型,评价标准不确定度,计算水杨酸全熔点温度。结果表明对水杨酸全熔点温度的测量不确定度进行分析评定,在质量检验过程中可有效控制样品分析的准确性,保证测定结果的持续有效性。     

DSC测定PP熔点过程中实验条件的优化

为了优化出DSC测定聚丙烯(PP)熔点过程中的最佳实验条件,通过单因素试验研究了差示扫描量热(DSC)仪测试PP熔点过程中常见影响因素(升温次数、吹扫气流速、升温速率、试样质量)对实验结果的影响;采用正交试验分析了主要影响因素之间的主次大小并优化出最佳的测试条件。实验结果表明,测定PP的熔点只需第2次升温,继续增加升温次数对实验结果的影响不大。吹扫气流速、升温速率与试样质量3个主要因素对PP熔点的影响规律是一致的,吹扫气流速变大,升温速率变快,试样质量越大,测得的PP熔点均变大。正交试验发现,该3因素对实验结果的影响程度不同,升温速率对实验结果的影响最大,试样质量次之,吹扫气流速的影响相对较小。确定的最佳实验条件为:试样质量5 mg,升温速率5 K/min,吹扫气流速60 mL/min。     

差示扫描量热法测量尼龙6熔融焓的不确定度评定

本文依据国家标准GB/T 19466.3-2004,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量尼龙6(PA6)的熔融焓,讨论了测量过程中的不确定度来源并对测量不确定度进行评定,结果表明DSC测定PA6熔融焓的不确定度的结果为50.92J/g,u95=2.06J/g(4.0%)。     

动植物油脂中苯并(α)芘含量测定不确定度的评定

苯并(α)芘是动植物油脂中安全性检测的重要指标之一,本文依据不确定度评定的相关准则和标准对植物油的苯并(α)芘测定结果进行评估。对整个实验过程中不确定度来源进行了分析,包括样品称量、样品溶液定容和稀释、校准曲线、测量重复性等,对测定过程中的主要不确定度分量进行了合成,给出了合成标准不确定度和测量结果的扩展不确定度。     

差示扫描量热法测定相稳定硝酸铵晶变温度的不确定度评定

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了相稳定硝酸铵的晶变温度,讨论了测定过程中各种随机因素、取样量、仪器和选取不同基线点等因素产生的不确定度分量,计算出了DSC法测定相稳定硝酸铵晶变温度的合成标准不确定度为0.18℃,扩展不确定度为0.36℃.     

紫外分光光度法测定水中硝酸盐氮的不确定度评定

利用紫外分光光度法测定水中的硝酸盐氮浓度实验原理,评定其测量不确定度。评定过程中充分考虑到测定过程中标准溶液的配制、标准曲线的制备、测量重复性等各种因素对测量的影响。按照测量不确定度的传播规律建立硝酸盐氮浓度的测量不确定度数学模型,通过对整个测定过程中所产生的各不确定度分量的分析和计算,求出合成标准不确定度。硝酸盐氮的合成标准不确定度评定结果为0.008,主要由标准曲线斜率引起。当k=2(95%置信概率)时,测定结果为1.68±0.02mg/L。     

DSC法测试瓶级聚酯切片熔点的不确定度评估

对采用差示扫描量热法测试瓶级聚酯切片熔点过程中产生的不确定度来源进行了分析,结果表明仪器及标准校准物质的测量不确定度、样品的不均匀性带来的不确定度及气体波动引起的不确定度等,是瓶级聚酯切片熔点测试结果不确定度的主要来源。     

EDTA滴定法测定萤石中氟化钙含量的不确定度评定

依据测量不确定度的评定原理和方法,通过EDTA滴定法测定萤石中氟化钙含量的实例,按照测量不确定度的传播规律建立数学模型,分析不确定度分量的来源,讨论影响测定值不确定的各种因素,通过对各相对标准不确定分量计算,求出合成标准不确定度(uc)和扩展不确定度(U)。结果表明,影响测定不确定度的主要因素是EDTA溶液的标定。     

气相色谱法测定饮用水中三氯甲烷的不确定度评定

根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF1059.1-2012)对采用气相色谱法测定饮用水中三氯甲烷含量过程中可能引入不确定度的主要来源,并对各不确定度分量和测量结果的不确定度进行评定。当水样中三氯甲烷含量为0.0200 mg/L时,其扩展不确定度为0.0012 mg/L。影响气相色谱法测定生活饮用水中不确定度的因素主要是标准使用液的配制、测量的重复性和标准工作曲线拟合所产生的误差。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.