关于EPS企业职业危害因素分析与讨论

对某EPS企业生产岗位或工种存在的粉尘、毒物、噪声、工频电场等职业病危害因素进行现场调查和检测,通过对其工艺流程及相关设备的操作过程进行分析,确认生产过程中的职业病危害因素产生的原因及分布。通过对检测结果数据进行分析与讨论,找到EPS企业职业病危害因素来源,了解其职业病危害控制效果,确认EPS企业职业病危害因素关键控制点,为在建或已建EPS企业提供职业危害因素预防措施。     

某橡胶企业扩建项目职业病危害控制效果评价

采用职业病危害因素检测、职业卫生调查、职业健康检查、检查表分析法等对该项目进行职业病危害控制效果评价。该项目生产过程中产生的主要职业病危害因素有化学毒物、粉尘、噪声、高温等,各职业病危害因素的检测结果均符合国家卫生标准要求。该建设项目生产工艺、总体布局、生产设备及工艺布局、个体防护用品配备及使用情况、辅助用室、应急救援、职业病危害防护设施、职业卫生组织管理措施等基本符合《工业企业设计卫生标准》及国家其他相关卫生要求。其职业病危害控制措施有效、可行。     

某油库职业病危害现状分析与评价

通过作业现场的职业健康调查,结合检查表分析法,对某油库正常生产经营活动过程中的总体布局、生产工艺和设备布局、职业病危害因素种类及存在环节、劳动者的职业病危害暴露情况和接触水平、职业病危害因素检测浓度、个体劳动防护用品配备、职业健康监护及管理、职业病防护设施及其他职业病防护措施与效果、职业卫生管理措施、辅助用室、职业病危害风险分类等进行综合分析和评价。     

大竹县职业病防治现状与对策

目的了解和掌握大竹县职业危害基本情况、防治现状和存在的问题,提出对策与措施。方法对职业卫生工作现状调查数据进行描述性分析。结果大竹县职业危害企业多、接触职业危害劳动者多、职业健康检查及职业危害因素检测覆盖率低、企业主要职业病防治意识差。职业危害以煤矿业为主,其次是水泥业、化工业。结论政府应制订职业病防治规划,加大职业病防治的投入与宣传力度,落实用人单位职业病防治责任制,督促有关部门共同配合、各司其职加大查处违反《职业病防治法》行为的力度。     

HACCP体系在某涂料化工生产企业职业病危害控制效果评价中的应用

目的:将危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)体系应用于职业病危害企业中,进行危害分析,提出职业病危害的关键控制点和关键控制措施并加以验证,探讨HACCP体系应用到建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价的适用性。方法:以某涂料化工生产企业为研究对象,分析其工艺流程,进行职业卫生调查,识别各种职业病危害因素,进行职业卫生检测和职业健康检查,提出关键控制点和控制措施并加以验证。结果:该新建项目主要存在的职业病危害因素为粉尘、化学毒物和噪声等;其中粉尘包括滑石粉尘、二氧化钛粉尘,化学毒物主要包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、环己酮。工作场所检测结果显示,除二甲苯有超标外,其余化学因素和物理因素的检测结果均低于职业接触限值。职业健康检查结果未见异常。针对化学毒物超标情况实施纠正措施后,二甲苯符合国家职业接触限值。结论:HACCP可广泛应用于存在职业病危害的企业中,有利于提高企业职业病防治的针对性,建立有效的职业卫生管理体系,保护劳动者健康,具有一定的可操作性和现实意义。     

某医药中间体项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的分析某医药中间体生产企业的主要职业危害因素,评价职业病危害防护措施效果,对存在的问题进行探讨。方法根据该项目职业病危害的特点,通过职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测等方法收集数据和资料,并结合职业病防护设施、个人防护水平,对劳动者的职业病危害因素接触水平及职业健康影响进行调查,并对该公司的职业卫生管理措施进行现场调查评价。结果该项目存在的主要职业病危害因素包括化学毒物、物理因素,各项检测结果合格率为100%。结论该项目针对主要职业病危害因素采取了相应的防护措施,防护效果良好,有效降低了工作场所中职业病危害因素的浓度和强度。     

危废处置中心职业危害因素检测及防护对策

为了解危废处置中心职业危害因素存在情况,保护劳动者身体健康提供依据,分析了正常运行时可能存在的职业病危害因素,并依据国家有关职业危害因素检测标准进行检测。结果表明:化学毒物的短时间接触浓度、时间加权浓度、最高容许浓度和超限倍数等均未超过国家职业卫生标准。     

某工程制图单位职业危害因素调查及分析

目的对某工程制图单位职业病危害因素进行识别及分析,确定该工程制图单位的职业病危害程度,为采取合理的治理措施提供科学依据。方法采取现场职业卫生学调查及职业卫生检测方法,2014年每季度一次对该工程制图单位存在的职业危害因素进行检测,并在第四季度采用不同吸收液对该工程图纸制造单位工作场所中氨浓度进行检测,用对比列表法对结果进行探讨。结果该工程制图单位存在的主要职业危害因素为氨,第三季度的晒图机进纸口氨的浓度超出职业接触限值,其他季度及其他检测点的工作场所氨的浓度均符合职业接触限值要求。0.005mol/L硫酸溶液为吸收液时检测氨的浓度要高于蒸馏水为吸收液时的检测结果。结论该工程制图单位的工作场所氨浓度基本达到国家卫生标准。采用不同浓度吸收液在工作场所空气中氨的采集中吸收率不同,建议采用硫酸溶液进行工作场所空气中氨的采集,     

浅议化工企业如何做好职业健康管理

化工企业由于生产设备、生产工艺、生产环境等原因,员工在生产过程中不可避免地要接触到各种职业病危害因素,对员工的身体健康会造成一定程度的伤害,要想对其进行有效的防治,就要从实际情况出发,深入了解和认知,从中发现影响人们健康的不利因素,采取切实可行的职业健康管理措施以控制与消除职业病危害,从而保障作业人员的职业健康安全。     

某发动机制造企业职业危害辨识及防护措施研究

采用现场调查与回顾性调查方法,分析某发动机制造企业生产工艺流程,辨识不同工艺流程存在的职业病危害因素,确定职业病危害因素关键控制点;结合现场职业病危害因素检测结果与实验室分析结果,判断作业场所职业危害状况;分析该企业目前采取的职业病危害防护措施现状,指出其中存在的缺陷与不足,同时提出较强针对性的防尘、防毒、防噪等方面的职业危害防护措施。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。