铝硅镁合金化学镀镍

研究了在铝硅镁合金基体上直接化学镀镍和在基体上电镀铜后再化学镀镍2种工艺.采用扫描电子显微镜分析技术,盐雾法、锉刀法等试验方法比较了2种工艺所得镀层的表面形貌,耐蚀性和结合力,结果表明:2种样品的镍镀层都具有很好的耐蚀性及较好的结合力,对铝硅镁基体具有良好的保护作用.与铝硅镁合金直接化学镀镍相比,铝硅镁合金基体电镀铜后化学镀镍所得的镍层组织更致密,结合力更好,耐蚀性更优异.     

几种品牌硫酸镍的化学镀镍性能对比性研究

通过偏转法、划痕仪法和中性盐雾试验等方法,测试分析了国内外市场上六种主要品牌硫酸镍的中磷化学镀镍层的内应力、结合力及耐蚀性和高磷化学镀镍层的耐蚀性、结合力及镀液沉积速率等性能。测试结果显示,金柯品牌硫酸镍所获取的中磷化学镍层内应力、结合力和耐蚀性明显优于其它品牌,高磷化学镀镍层耐蚀性、结合力及镀液的沉积速率也优于其它品牌,该品牌硫酸镍更适合于磁盘高磷化学镀镍。     

镁合金直接化学镀镍的研究

为了提高镁合金的耐蚀性,对表面进行化学镀镍.研究了硫脲、pH值、温度及时间等对化学镀镍层及镀速的影响.测定了镀层的显微硬度、结合力和耐蚀性.结果表明,镀层具有较高的硬度和较好的结合力,耐蚀性大大提高.X射线衍射表明,镀态下镀层为非晶态,热处理能使镀层晶化,当热处理温度达到400 ℃时,晶化效果尤为明显.     

前处理工艺对钛合金化学镀镍性能的影响

研究了三种前处理工艺对钛合金化学镀镍的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜、弯折试验仪、维氏硬度计、电化学曲线对化学镀镍层的微观形貌、结合力、硬度、耐蚀性进行了表征与分析。结果表明:采用浸蚀/浸锌前处理工艺获取的化学镀镍层结晶最致密,孔隙最少,与基体表面的结合力最好,镀层的硬度可达534 HV,镀层自腐蚀电位为-0.3980 V,自腐蚀电流密度为2.927μA·cm-2,其耐蚀性优于其他两种前处理工艺获得的镀层。     

刷镀镍修补化学镀镍层工艺及性能研究

为了提高刻字受损的化学镀镍层的耐蚀性,本文通过刷镀镍修补受损镀层,从而提高其耐蚀性。重点研究了刷镀镍的活化工序、刷镀工艺参数、后处理工序对刻字的化学镀镍层的结合力和耐蚀性的影响,利用弯曲试验仪、中性盐雾实验、三维视频显微镜对刷镀层的结合力、耐蚀性及微观形貌进行检测与分析。实验结果表明:受损化学镍层在室温下10 V电压活化1 min,在70℃下用15 V电压冲击刷镀10 s,再切换至12 V电压刷镀3～5 min,最后在200℃热处理2 h,能获得结合力和耐蚀性优异的刷镀修复镀层,微观形貌显示刷镀镍层有效修补了受损化学镍层。     

化学镀镍溶液中Al~(3+)、Ti~(4+)和Cr~(3+)杂质对镀层性能的影响

为了研究化学镀镍液中Al3+、Ti4+和Cr3+三种杂质元素对镀层性能的影响,分别在化学镀Ni-P合金的基础镀液中引入了不同含量的杂质,制备了化学镀镍层,并通过扫描电镜、弯折试验及中性盐雾试验分析测试了镀层表面形貌、结合力及耐蚀性。结果表明,化学镀镍溶液中Al3+、Ti4+和Cr3+三种杂质均使镀层结合力和耐蚀性下降。     

镁合金表面Ni-P/Cu-Zn超疏水复合涂层制备及耐蚀性研究

本文主要研究了镁合金表面Ni-P/Cu-Zn超疏水复合涂层的制备和耐蚀性.复合涂层通过化学镀镍磷、电镀铜锌合金、阳极氧化、表面修饰后获得,化学镀Ni-P层为内层,电镀Cu-Zn层为中间层,超疏水层为外层.对复合涂层的结构和性能进行了表征.实验结果表明,复合涂层与基底结合力强,无鼓泡脱落现象,涂层厚度约为34μm.Ni-P/Cu-Zn涂层氧化后表面形成微纳米结构,用十八烷基硫醇修饰后的涂层具有优良的超疏水性,水的表面接触角约为155°,涂层的自腐蚀电流密度相对于未修饰涂层和基底下降1～2个数量级,阻抗大幅提升,说明涂层具有很好的耐蚀性,能够为镁合金提供较好的保护.     

铝锂合金表面化学镀镍工艺及膜层耐腐蚀性能研究

为解决铝锂合金强烈电腐蚀倾向和对断裂及应变速率的敏感性,提出了在其表面进行化学镀镍处理的工艺方法。通过正交试验研究了基础化学镀镍液的主要成分对镀层性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜、INCA型能谱仪以及显微硬度计等分析了化学镀镍层的表面形貌、组成成分、镀层硬度等特性。研究结果表明,铝锂合金表面进行化学镀镍的可行性工艺为:15 g/L硫酸镍、25 g/L次磷酸钠、30 g/L醋酸钠、20 g/L乳酸、5 g/L硼酸、0.5~1.0 mL/L稳定剂,1.0~2.0 mL/L光亮剂,θ为85℃,施镀时间t为60 min。该工艺能在铝锂合金表面获得结合力良好、耐蚀性较好的化学镀镍层,镀镍层表面晶粒均匀细致,与基体结合力达1级,可耐中性盐雾试验时间48 h以上。     

航空发动机钛合金表面化学镀镍预处理及镀层性能

航空发动机部分轴承钛合金零件需要通过化学镀镍补救尺寸,改善钛合金耐磨性,但化学镀镍层与钛合金的结合力较差。适当的预处理是钛合金表面获得良好化学镀镍层的前提。研究了磷化、微弧氧化、预镀、化学转化等4种预处理工艺对TC4钛合金化学镀镍层沉积速率、结合力及表面形貌的影响,并考察了不同预处理工艺下镀镍层的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明,4种预处理中,化学转化后镀镍层沉积速率最快,可达13.6μm/h,且结合力良好、摩擦因数低至0.5左右。     

现代镀覆技术第二部分──化学镀镍

简述了化学镀镍的机理及其在材料表面改性、工件修复等方面的应用,指出了影响镀层耐蚀性、硬度、耐磨性和延展性的因素,介绍了包含高磷化学镀镍层和低磷化学镀镍层的双层和多层组合镀镍工艺。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.