叶顶间隙对一跨音速压气机转子失速裕度的影响研究

针对一跨音速压气机转子,分别在动叶顶部相对间隙为0%,0.1%,0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%的六种情况进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,间隙的存在使得转子性能如压比、效率有所下降,但适当间隙的存在使得转子喘振点往小流量点大幅迁移,又有效提升了转子的工作范围。此外,分析了由于叶顶间隙的存在使得转子工作范围增加的原因,并指出无论是否存在间隙,针对跨音速压气机转子,其进入喘振的根本原因都是由于堵塞作用使得弓形激波连同流道激波一起被推向流道上游造成的,而其中堵塞作用却是由端壁附面层发展与迁徙、叶顶泄漏流动、激波与附面层之间相互作用的共同结果。     

带机匣处理的离心压气机顶部流场分析研究

在定常计算结果的基础上,对带放气型周向槽的低速离心压气机内部进行了非定常的全三维数值模拟计算.将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,并详细对比分析了带实壁机匣和放气型周向槽机匣处理的压气机转子顶部区域流场结构以及压气机内部流场,得出放气型周向槽机匣处理的扩稳机理.     

叶顶间隙对多级轴流式压气机气动性能影响研究

对某多级轴流式压气机中两级静叶和一级动叶进行全三维的CFD数值模拟。通过对不同动叶叶顶间隙值的计算结果进行分析比较,探究了轴流式压气机的动叶叶顶间隙变化时对轴流式压气机的气动热力性能的规律。研究发现,压气机的滞止效率、压比、质量流量等性能参数,随着动叶间隙的增大均呈明显的下降。同一叶高处的间隙内部,随着叶顶间隙的增大,顶部间隙内的流场变得剧烈,尤其是通道的中部;通过对间隙内部熵增的详细分析,获取了间隙泄漏损失的分布规律。     

离心压气机机匣处理与导叶轮缘放气的扩稳机理分析及比较

采用数值模拟方法对导叶轮缘放气、进气回流及周向槽机匣处理扩大离心压气机稳定工作范围进行研究,并与实壁机匣离心压气机特性进行对比,分析三种处理方式扩大压气机稳定工作范围的机理。结果表明,导叶顶部吸力面分离流动和间隙泄漏流相互作用导致压气机失速。导叶轮缘放气将吸力面分离流动产生的低能流团吸除,减弱了顶部通道堵塞。进气回流给顶部进气添加负预旋,减小了顶部来流攻角,能抑制吸力面流动分离。周向槽机匣处理减弱了顶部间隙泄漏向叶轮进口的回流。三种处理方式都能减弱顶部通道堵塞、推迟压气机失速发生,而进气回流和导叶轮缘放气具有较大的扩稳能力。     

不同间隙大小轴流压气机转子叶尖泄漏非定常流动的DDES研究（英文）

叶尖泄漏流动对航空发动机的压气机性能有很大的影响,对其进行准确的数值模拟十分重要。延迟脱落涡模拟(DDES)方法在保证计算准确性的同时节省了计算资源。本文针对不同间隙大小和不同工况对大尺寸低速轴流压气机转子进行了DDES模拟。将时均结果与瞬时结果进行了比较,分析了不同叶尖尺寸下流动的非定常性。然后利用LUMLEY三角形分析了叶尖泄漏流动的雷诺应力各向异性。各向异性沿叶尖泄漏涡向下游发展方向变化。小间隙情况下各向异性较弱,这是由于小间隙情况下流动更加稳定。最后,利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)分析了泄漏涡核心的速度脉动频谱,讨论了泄漏流动的非定常性。     

高速离心叶轮内部三维粘性流场的数值模拟

采用一种快速求解三维黏性流场的计算方法求解某离心压气机内部复杂的流场，该方法利用Denton J．D．教授的粘性体积力法模拟粘性对叶轮机械内部流动的影响，采用时间推进法和有限体积差分格式对叶轮机械内部的流动进行求解。为加速收敛，使用了多重网格法，当地时间步长和局部残差光顺技术。对某离心压气机内部流动进行了详细的数值模拟，得出了压气机转子性能、叶顶周向平均静压以及准正交面上子午速度分布图，计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。采用该方法详细分析了不同工况下离心压气机内部流场。     

叶尖间隙对轴流压气机近失速叶尖流动的影响

为研究动叶间隙大小对轴流压气机近失速叶尖流动的影响,以一台高亚声速一级半压气机级为研究对象,在设计间隙、小间隙及2个大间隙下进行定常三维数值模拟。计算结果表明,设计间隙下压气机喘振裕度最大,随着间隙增大,裕度近似呈线性降低,失速形式由动叶吸力面分离引起的"叶尖失速"转变为"泄漏涡堵塞失速"。大间隙情况下,叶尖前缘附近发出的泄漏流形成松散的涡系结构,诱导中部及尾缘附近泄漏流共同形成回流及大量二次泄漏,堵塞转子通道进口,引起失速的发生。     

单级轴流压气机内部三维流动的数值模拟

采用一种快速求解三维粘性流场的计算方法求解轴流压气机的内部流场及全工况特性。该方法采用时间推进法和有限体积差分格式进行求解，对某单级轴流压气机内部流动进行了详细的数值模拟，计算结果与试验结果吻合良好，同时对压气机内部流场进行了分析。     

车用涡轮增压器转子轴向力数值计算与分析

讨论了车用涡轮增压器转子轴向力传统理论计算方法和数值模拟计算方法,并针对小型车用汽油机涡轮增压器JP50Q建立了压气机和涡轮系统模型以及叶轮轮背间隙模型。进行了压气机端、涡轮端和叶轮轮背间隙的轴向力数值模拟计算,得到了增压器转子轴向力计算结果。通过分析不同设计工况下的计算结果,得到增压器转子轴向力随转速变化的一般规律。利用数值模拟计算结果,进行了JP50Q涡轮增压器止推轴承设计校核,为增压器止推轴承的设计和可靠性验证提供了理论计算依据。     

双螺杆液体泵双头全光滑螺杆的流场特性研究

针对双螺杆液体泵的内部流场比较复杂,建立双螺杆液体泵的三维模型,采用三维结构化网格对模型进行网格划分,加密啮合间隙处的网格,从而准确、清晰地反应泵内流场的流动特性和流场分布规律。研究结果表明:双螺杆液体泵内压力呈阶梯状分布,转子啮合间隙处高低压交替分布;螺杆转子之间的法向间隙处存在Z轴泄漏速度的最大值,是主要的泄漏位置。研究结果为优化螺杆转子的设计提供依据。     

Numerical study on unsteadiness of tip clearance flow and performance prediction of axial compressor

Numerical calculations were performed to investigate unsteady features of tip clearance leakage flow in an axial compressor. The first stage rotor of a low speed axial compressor with a large tip clearance was examined. It was confirmed that the numerically calculated performance data were in good agreement with the experimentally measured performance data. Using frequency analysis, the flow characteristic near the casing induced by tip clearance leakage flow was found to be not associated with the rotating speed of the rotor. This characteristic is called rotating instability or self-induced unsteadiness. We found that the circumferential length scale of the rotating instability of the compressor was longer than a pitch of a blade passage; therefore, a multi-blade passage was adopted to study the flow structure more precisely. The flow characteristic was described by the frequency, the circumferential length, and the phase velocity, and was changed by operating points toward stall. The behavior of the flow was characterized by circumferentially traveling waves. Hence, the mechanism governing the development of the unsteady feature was further examined in terms of the rotating wave pattern of the pressure distribution. Furthermore, the unsteady feature of the tip clearance leakage flow affected the prediction of compressor performance by altering blockage, flow turning, and loss near the casing.     

Numerical study on near-stall flow unsteadiness in an axial compressor with casing treatment

Time-accurate numerical calculations were performed to investigate unsteady flow features in a low-speed axial compressor. The test compressor has axial skewed slots over the rotor tip region as casing treatment to improve the stall margin. The calculated data are in good agreement with the measured data. This paper reports the effect of casing treatment and flow unsteadiness on the rotor near stall by examining the flows in the smooth wall and casing treatment cases. The axial skewed slot can remove the blockage induced by the tip clearance leakage flow by removing and injecting the flow near the tip. However, for the casing treatment case, blockage is induced near the hub because the hub-corner stall is caused by a decrease in the axial momentum in this region. The tip leakage flow has inherent unsteadiness in the smooth wall case caused by the relatively large tip clearance, whereas the hub-corner stall has unsteadiness in the casing treatment case. The two types of unsteadiness have functions in inducing stall inception. Furthermore, axial slots of different sizes were tested to examine the effect of slot geometry on rotor flow stability. The change in flow structure related to the stall inception was subject to flow injection through the recirculation in the slots.     

基于ANSYS的离心风机叶轮结构优化研究

叶轮是离心风机的核心部件,由于叶轮是高速旋转的部件,动静之间不能有接触,同时动静之间的间隙通过泄漏损失和二次流损失直接影响风机的效率。为有效地控制叶轮和形环之间的间隙,本文提出在叶轮轮盘侧添加凸台结构,采用4种改进设计方案。利用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行计算分析[1-3],综合考虑叶轮应力、应变等因素,最终得到了在新型设计方法下的最优设计方案。结果表明,新型设计改进方案有效地减小了叶轮的轴向位移量和径向位移量,为叶轮和形环之间的间隙设计提供了依据,进而可以最大限度地减少漏气损失和二次流损失。     

低压轴流风机叶顶间隙对叶尖涡及外部性能的影响研究

基于其一动叶可调的低压轴流风机叶轮,通过对其在不同叶顶间隙下的叶顶区域进行数值模拟分析。计算结果分析表明:该轴流风机在叶顶间隙较小时虽然会出现泄漏流动,但不一定会出现泄漏涡,随着叶顶间隙的增大,泄漏流动将变得不明显,取而代之的是泄漏涡,并且泄漏涡的强度和影响区域随着间隙的增大而增大;在相同流量下,通风机的全压随着叶顶间隙的增大而减小;随着流量的降低,叶顶间隙越大,越早进入非稳定状态。     

COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERI-MENTAL STUDY ON TIP LEAKAGE VORTEX OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL SKEWED BLADES

In the steady operation condition,the experiments and the numerical simulations are used to investigate the tip leakage flow fields in three low pressure axial flow fans with three kinds of circumferential skewed rotors,including the radial rotor,the forward-skewed rotor and the back-ward-skewed rotor. The three-dimensional viscous flow fields of the fans are computed. In the ex-periments,the two-dimensional plane particle image velocimetry (PIV) system is used to measure the flow fields in the tip region of three different pitchwise positions of each fan. The results show that the computational results agree well with the experimental data in the flow field of the tip region of each fan. The tip leakage vortex core segments based on method of the eigenmode analysis can dis-play clearly some characteristics of the tip leakage vortex,such as the origination position of tip leak-age vortex,the development of vortex strength,and so on. Compared with the radial rotor,the other two skewed rotors can increase the stability of the tip leakage vortex and the increment in the for-ward-skewed rotor is more than that in the backward-skewed one. Among the tip leakage vortices of the three rotors,the velocity of the vortex in the forward-skewed rotor is the highest in the circumfer-ential direction and the lowest in the axial direction.     

汽轮机叶顶间隙汽封内泄漏流动的数值研究

采用计算流体动力学软件分析某汽轮机高压级叶顶汽封内的泄漏流动特性及泄漏流在级后与主流的掺混过程,并比较有无汽封情况下间隙流场的气动性能。结果表明:汽封间隙内充满复杂的涡运动,使泄漏流的动能得到充分的耗散,且齿数增加可使耗散更加充分;增加叶顶汽封装置可有效降低级后间隙泄漏流与主流的掺混损失,增加汽封齿数能够在一定程度上削弱级后掺混带来的流动影响。     

齿顶间隙对双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵泄漏及空化特性的影响

为了研究在高速高压工况下双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵齿顶间隙对齿轮泵泄漏及空化特性的影响,建立了双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵最佳齿顶间隙数学模型,计算出最佳齿顶间隙。利用PumpLinx对考虑空化后不同齿顶间隙的齿轮泵内部流场进行数值模拟,结果表明:当齿顶间隙为0.02 mm,齿轮泵的流量脉动和压力脉动相对较小,流量输出品质好,与理论分析最佳齿顶间隙为0.0207 mm基本一致,验证了最佳齿顶间隙模型建立的正确性;齿顶间隙会影响齿轮泵内部流场的空化程度和泄漏量,齿轮泵内部的空化程度随着齿顶间隙的增大而减小,齿顶间隙处的泄漏会随齿顶间隙的增大而增大;齿轮泵齿顶间隙处的空化具有密封作用,可以减小齿顶间隙泄漏。研究结果对双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵结构优化及应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor

Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor which has the same configuration of impeller with six different tip clearances. Secondary flow and loss distribution have been surveyed to understand the flow mechanism due to the tip clearance. Tip leakage flow strongly interacts with mainstream flow and considerably changes the secondary flow and the loss distribution inside the impeller passage. A method has been described to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance drop and the efficiency drop. The tip clearance has caused specific work reduction and additional entropy generation. The former, which is called inviscid loss, is independent of any internal loss and the latter, which is called viscous loss, is dependent on every loss in the flow passage. Two components equally affected the performance drop as the tip clearances were small, while the efficiency drop was influenced by the viscous component alone. The additional entropy generation was modeled with all the kinetic energy of the tip leakage flow. Therefore, the present paper can provide how to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance and efficiency.     

对旋轴流风机叶顶间隙对其性能的影响

为了探究改变对旋轴流风机两级叶轮的叶顶间隙对其性能的影响，建立不同叶顶间隙下风机三维模型，利用Fluent进行数值模拟，并结合风机性能试验验证仿真的正确性。分析压升、效率、轴功率、湍流动能和叶顶泄漏涡随两级叶轮叶顶间隙的变化情况，结果表明：在相同流量下，压升、效率随间隙的增大而减小；与第一级叶轮相比，间隙对第二级叶轮的轴功率、湍流动能及泄漏涡影响更加显著；随间隙增大，叶顶泄漏涡的强度和影响区域越大。     

Effect of honeycomb seals on loss characteristics in shroud cavities of an axial turbine

The loss in efficiency due to shroud leakage or tip clearance flow accounts for a substantial part of the overall losses in turbomachinery.It is important to identify the leakage loss characteristics in order to optimize turbomachinery.At present,little information is available in the open literature concerning the effect of honeycomb seals on the loss characteristics in shroud cavities of an axial turbine,despite of the widespread use of the honeycomb seals.Therefore,interaction between rotor labyrinth seal leakage flow with and without honeycomb facings and main flow is investigated to provide the loss characteristics of the mixing process of the re-entering leakage flow into the main flow.The effects of honeycomb seals on the flow in shroud cavities and interaction with the main flow are analyzed.An additional study on the impact of subtle shroud cavity exit geometry is also presented.The investigation results indicate that the honeycomb seal affects the over tip leakage flow and reduces mixing losses when compared to the solid labyrinth seal.The leakage flow interactions with the main flow have considerably changed the flow fields in the endwall regions.The proposed research reveals the effects of honeycomb seals on the loss characteristics in shroud cavities and the impact of subtle shroud cavity exit geometry,and it is helpful for the design optimization of turbomachinery.