无压烧结氮化硅陶瓷的力学性能和显微结构

以MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂为烧结助剂,借助XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS、HRTEM等手段,研究了无压烧结氮化硅陶瓷材料的力学性能和显微结构,着重探讨了材料制备工艺、力学性能和显微结构之间的关系,通过调整制备工艺改善材料微观结构以提高材料的力学性能.强化球磨混合的试样经1780℃无压烧结3h后,抗折强度高达1.06GPa,洛氏硬度92,显微硬度14.2GPa,断裂韧性6.6MPa·m^0.5.材料由长柱状β-Si₃N₄晶粒组成,晶粒具有较大的长径比,长柱晶的近圆晶粒尺寸0.3-0.8μm,长度3-6μm,长径比约7-10,显微结构均匀.     

一种新的MoSi2基复合材料显微结构及其对力学性能的影响

本文研究了原位生成的ＴｉＣ／ＴｉＢ２／ＭｏＳｉ２三相复合材料的一种新的显微结构及其对力学性能的影响,结果表明,当热压金属Ｔｉ,Ｂ４Ｃ和ＭｏＳｉ２的混合粉末时,在ＭｏＳｉ２的基体内生成由ＴｉＣ和ＴｉＢ２组成的空心粒子。     

α—SiAlON／SiCnp复合材料在室温和高温下的显微结构与力学性能

本文采用机械混合Ｓｉ３Ｎ４，ＡｌＮ，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ｄｙ２Ｏ３和纳米β－ＳｉＣ粉料，通过热压烧结，制备了１０ｗｔ％纳米ＳｉＣ颗粒增强，α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ复合材料，力学性能测试表明，在室温时复合材料的维氏硬度，压痕断裂韧性和三点弯曲强度比单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ略高，但复合材料的三点弯曲强度可以保持到１０００℃，其值为时单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ的两倍，断口形貌表明复合材料的晶粒尺寸比单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ的小，这两     

SiO2-AlN复合材料的力学性能和显微结构

热压制备了SiO₂-AlN复合材料。第二相AlN的引入有助于SiO₂基复合材料力学性能的提高。1400℃下热压烧结的30 vol%AlN-SiO₂复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达200 MPa和2.96 MPa·m1/2。XRD分析说明直至1400℃ SiO₂与AlN未发生化学反应,化学相容性好。利用SEM和TEM分析了SiO₂-AlN复合材料的显微结构及其补强机制。      

低压烧结温度对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

采用低压烧结技术制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,通过SEM与XRD观察了不同烧结温度下合金的显微结构和物相组成,并对比了合金的力学性能。结果表明,合金的显微结构以黑芯/白环结构为主,物相中仅存在(Ti、W、Mo、Ta)(C,N)和Ni/Co固溶体;随着烧结温度的提高,合金组织逐渐均匀化,抗弯强度和硬度呈现先增大后减小的趋势。1450℃时,合金综合性能最佳,抗弯强度为1774MPa,维氏硬度为1682MPa。     

α-SiAlON/SiCnp复合材料在室温和高温下的显微结构与力学性能

本文采用机械混合Ｓｉ３Ｎ４，ＡｌＮ，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ｄｙ２Ｏ３和纳米β－ＳｉＣ粉料，通过热压烧结，制备了１０ｗｔ％纳米ＳｉＣ颗粒增强α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ复合材料。力学性能测试表明，在室温时复合材料的维氏硬度，压痕断裂韧性和三点弯曲强度比单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ略高。但复合材料的三点弯曲强度可以保持到１０００℃，其值为这时单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ的两倍。断口形貌表明复合材料的晶粒尺寸比单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ的小，这两种材料的室温断裂方式均以穿晶断裂为主。研究表明，低粘度的玻璃相是造成单相α－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ高温性能下降的主要原因，而纳米ＳｉＣ的加入可以促使晶界相结晶，从而使复合材料的高温性能维持到较高的温度。     

MgO和烧结温度对Al_2O_3透明陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

采用高纯Al2O3粉末为原料,在氢气气氛中烧结了氧化铝透明陶瓷。研究了添加剂MgO和烧结温度对Al2O3透明陶瓷致密化过程、显微结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明,适量掺杂MgO能够抑制晶粒生长,改善烧结性能,提高致密度,0.05%(质量分数)是MgO最佳含量;随着烧结温度的升高,晶粒发育完全,透光率增加,1850℃为最佳烧结温度;在最佳条件下获得的氧化铝透明陶瓷,相对密度为99.72%,平均晶粒尺寸约20μm,总透光率达到93%,显微硬度(HV5)为20.75GPa,抗弯强度达到320MPa。     

热压烧结TiB2陶瓷的显微结构和力学性能研究

以Y₂O₃－Al₂O₃为烧结助剂,通过热压制备了TiB₂陶瓷,研究了烧结温度、烧结时间和晶化处理对材料的显微结构和力学性能的影响．实验结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,烧结体失重增加,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性降低;烧结时间延长,其显微结构的均匀性降低,对力学性能不利．晶粒直径对TiB₂陶瓷的力学性能有重要影响．晶化处理能够导致晶界拆出YAG相,从而提高TiB₂陶瓷的高温抗弯强度．     

龟壳的力学性能与显微结构初探

以龟壳为对象,对其力学性能和显微结构进行了研究。不同的取样部位和加载方式,对抗弯强度有很大影响。抗弯强度最大值为165.1MPa,断裂韧性高达36.4MPa√m,龟壳由密质层和松质层组成。密质层的基本结构单元是Havevsian系统,在Havevsian系统的中央为Volkmann管,棒状羟磷灰石晶体沿Volkmann定向分布。而在松质层,长径比较大的棒状晶体聚集成束,呈无规则分布。棒状晶之间均由有机质膜相连。龟壳基板之间的接缝处,则是由大块片状羟磷灰石晶体组成,结构松散。      

烧结温度对反应烧结氮化硅铁复合材料 物相组成及力学性能的影响

以硅铁粉、Fe-Si_3N_4粉末、钛铁矿粉为原料,采用自蔓燃法制备Si_3N_4-Fe_3Si复合材料。将Si_3N_4-Fe_3Si复合材料试样在1 650,1 700,1 750和1 800℃氮气气氛下进行烧结。采用X射线衍射、红外光谱分析、扫描电镜、维氏硬度等探究了烧结温度对Si_3N_4-Fe_3Si复合材料试样密度、孔隙率、显微结构、物相组成、力学性能的影响,并采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)探究了硅铁-钛铁矿混合物的燃烧过程。结果表明,烧结温度对氮化硅铁复合材料的显微结构、力学性能有显著的影响,随着烧结温度的升高,试样的密度、维氏硬度均增大,Si_3N_4-Fe_3Si复合材料的致密性增加;但弯曲强度和断裂韧性随着温度升高先增大后减小,在1 750℃达到最大值。在1 750℃时,试样的密度、维氏硬度、弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别为3.33 g/cm~3、9.85 GPa、331 MPa和8.5 MPa·m~(1/2)。弯曲强度提高了56%,断裂韧性提高了102%,表现出良好的抗弯强度和断裂韧性。在1 750℃时, Si_3N_4-Fe_3Si烧结试样主要物相为β-Si_3N_4、Y_2Si_2O_7、Fe_3Si和少量的Al_2O_3,完成了α-Si_3N4向β-Si_3N_4的变相,Fe_3Si在高温烧结条件下稳定性良好。     

烧结温度对多孔TiNi合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

采用Ti、Ni纯元素混合粉末真空烧结技术制备了孔隙分布均匀且力学性能优良的多孔TiNi形状记忆合金(SMA),并利用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及电子万能试验机研究对比了900、950、1000、1050、1100和1150℃6个不同烧结温度对合金微观结构和力学性能等的影响。结果表明,烧结温度是影响多孔TiNi合金性能的决定性因素,通过调节烧结温度可有效调节合金的相组成、孔隙特征和力学性能。随着烧结温度的升高,合金的次生相逐渐减少,相组成成分更加均一;致密度不断提高,由59%上升到62%,孔隙分布愈加均匀且孔隙形貌由多尖角形趋于球形化;抗拉强度由72.43MPa增加到160.12MPa,弹性模量从1.08GPa增加到1.32GPa。     

烧结温度对焦磷酸钙/Ti-35Nb-7Zr复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响

为改善β型Ti-Nb-Zr合金的生物活性,添加20wt%的焦磷酸钙(CPP)生物陶瓷,利用放电等离子烧结技术制备20CPP/Ti-35Nb-7Zr生物复合材料。借助XRD、SEM及力学测试方法等研究不同烧结温度(1 000~1 200℃)下复合材料的微观组织及力学性能,揭示其组织演变对力学性能的影响机制。结果表明:20CPP/Ti-35Nb-7Zr复合材料主要由β-Ti相基体、少量残留α-Ti相及金属-陶瓷相(CaTiO_3、Ti_2O、CaO、CaZrO_3和TixPy)组成;随着烧结温度升高,复合材料中β-Ti相和金属-陶瓷相逐渐增多;金属与陶瓷之间的剧烈反应导致金属-陶瓷相的形态结构发生变化,复合材料中金属-陶瓷相从颗粒状析出物演变成连续网状组织,起到割裂基体的作用。20CPP/Ti-35Nb-7Zr复合材料的压缩弹性模量和抗压强度随着烧结温度的升高而增大,其中压缩弹性模量从64.0GPa增加至71.4GPa,金属-陶瓷相形态结构变化起主导作用。因此,控制20CPP/Ti-Nb-Zr复合材料中金属-陶瓷相的形态结构将有利于改善其力学性能。     

Effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure and dielectric properties of titanium dioxide ceramics

Nanostructured (~200 nm grain size) titanium dioxide (TiO₂) ceramics were densified at temperature as low as 800 °C by pressureless sintering in a pure oxygen atmosphere. Phase transition and microstructural development of sintered samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dielectric properties including d.c. conductivity, dielectric constant, loss tangent, and dielectric breakdown strength (BDS) were determined for samples sintered at various temperatures. The influence of sintering temperature on the microstructural development, defect chemistry, and dielectric properties of TiO₂ is discussed. Nanostructured TiO₂ ceramics with high sintering density (>98%) lead to improved dielectric properties; high BDS (~1800 kV/cm), low electrical conductivity (~5 × 10⁻¹⁵ S/cm), high dielectric constant (~130), and low loss tangent (~0.09% at 1 kHz), which is promising for application in high energy density capacitors.     

卷取温度对钛微合金化钢组织与性能的影响

与铌钒微合金化钢相比,钛微合金化钢有更低的成本,因此设计了一种低碳钛微合金化热轧高强钢,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等仪器研究了不同卷取温度对实验钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明:卷取温度对实验钢的组织与力学性能有较大的影响,300℃卷取时得到板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体的混合组织,400和470℃卷取时得到粒状贝氏体组织;实验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度均随卷取温度的升高呈现出先下降再上升的规律,延伸率呈现出先升高再下降的规律,分析认为力学性能的变化主要由相变强化、析出强化以及M-A岛的尺寸和形态共同决定;470℃卷取时实验钢有较好的综合力学性能,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到了700和865 MPa,延伸率达到了18.9%.     

Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and electrical properties of ZVMCDN ceramics

The microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-V₂O₅-MnO₂-Co₃O₄-Dy₂O₃-Nb₂O₅ (ZVMCDN) ceramics were investigated in accordance with sintering temperature (850-950 °C). The microstructure of the samples consisted of mainly ZnO grain as a main phase, and Zn₃(VO₄)₂, ZnV₂O₄, and DyVO₄ as the minor secondary phases. The sintered density decreased from 5.69 to 5.52 g/cm³ due to the volatility of V₂O₅ in accordance with increasing sintering temperature. The maximum nonlinear coefficient (57) was obtained at 925 °C. The donor concentration increased from 1.15 × 10¹⁸/cm³ to 11.1 × 10¹⁸/cm³ in accordance with increasing sintering temperature and the barrier height exhibited the maximum value (1.03 eV) at 925 °C.     

烧结温度对CuWCr复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用分别在1050、1150、1250、1350和1450℃下烧结WCr骨架后熔渗铜的方法制备了CuWCr复合材料,比较了不同温度烧结制备的WCr骨架及其复合材料的显微组织形貌,并研究了不同烧结温度对CuWCr复合材料硬度、电导率及其真空击穿性能的影响.结果表明,烧结温度越高, WCr骨架的合金化程度越高,1450℃下烧结2.5h后,得到完全合金化的WCr固溶体骨架;随着烧结温度的提高,制备的CuWCr复合材料材料的真空耐电压强度提高,截流值变化不大,真空电弧相对稳定,电弧寿命在0.020ms左右.     

Effect of sintering temperature on optical properties and microstructure of translucent zirconia prepared by high-pressure spark plasma sintering

Aiming to characterize the effect of sintering temperature on transparency of zirconia, we have evaluated the optical properties and microstructure of translucent cubic zirconia prepared by high-pressure spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1000–1200 ^○C. Color centers (oxygen vacancies with trapped electrons) and residual pores were primary defects in the samples. In SPS samples, the total forward transmittance and in-line transmittance are mainly affected by color centers with a limited contribution from residual pores; in contrast, the changes in reflectance are only related to the porosity. The amounts of color centers and residual pores increase with sintering temperature that reduces the total forward and in-line transmittance of the as-sintered zirconia. Annealing in oxidizing atmosphere improves the total forward and in-line transmittance. During the annealing, the concentration of color centers decreases but the porosity increases.     

Effect of sintering temperature on optical properties and microstructure of translucent zirconia prepared by high-pressure spark plasma sintering

Abstract

Aiming to characterize the effect of sintering temperature on transparency of zirconia, we have evaluated the optical properties and microstructure of translucent cubic zirconia prepared by high-pressure spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1000–1200 ^○C. Color centers (oxygen vacancies with trapped electrons) and residual pores were primary defects in the samples. In SPS samples, the total forward transmittance and in-line transmittance are mainly affected by color centers with a limited contribution from residual pores; in contrast, the changes in reflectance are only related to the porosity. The amounts of color centers and residual pores increase with sintering temperature that reduces the total forward and in-line transmittance of the as-sintered zirconia. Annealing in oxidizing atmosphere improves the total forward and in-line transmittance. During the annealing, the concentration of color centers decreases but the porosity increases.     

Effects of sintering aids on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laminated Si3N4/BN ceramics

Laminated Si₃N₄/BN ceramics with two types of sintering aids, MgO–Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃ (MYA) and La₂O₃–Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃ (LYA), were fabricated through roll compaction and hot-pressing. Sintering aids influence evidently the microstructure and mechanical properties of laminated Si₃N₄/BN ceramics. In comparison with La₂O₃–Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃, MgO–Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃ sintering aid is easier to form a glassy phase with lower viscosity and lower eutectic temperature, which is much easier to migrate into BN interlayers. This results in the denser interlayer microstructure and good bending strength of laminated Si₃N₄/BN ceramics at room temperature, but poor work of fracture (WOF) at room temperature, low strength and work of fracture at elevated temperature. In addition, the LYA sintering aid is good for forming elongated and interlocked β-Si₃N₄ grains and beneficial to the mechanical properties of the laminated Si₃N₄/BN ceramics.