基于朗斯基函数的混合高斯模型运动目标检测*

针对传统的混合高斯模型在进行运动目标检测时存在拖影和性能差的缺点,本文提出了一种融合朗斯基函数和帧间差分法的混合高斯背景建模算法。该改进算法通过朗斯基矩阵行列式判断相邻像素间空间域相关性,以此增加模型参数更新条件,改进模型参数更新机制;并利用帧间差分法检测运动目标轮廓的灵敏性,将两种检测结果布尔或运算,完善目标轮廓。实验结果表明,该改进算法对拖影现象达到很好的抑制作用,并使算法检测性能得到提高。     

Fast moving object detection with non-stationary background

The detection of moving objects under a free-moving camera is a difficult problem because the camera and object motions are mixed together and the objects are often detected into the separated components. To tackle this problem, we propose a fast moving object detection method using optical flow clustering and Delaunay triangulation as follows. First, we extract the corner feature points using Harris corner detector and compute optical flow vectors at the extracted corner feature points. Second, we cluster the optical flow vectors using K-means clustering method and reject the outlier feature points using Random Sample Consensus algorithm. Third, we classify each cluster into the camera and object motion using its scatteredness of optical flow vectors. Fourth, we compensate the camera motion using the multi-resolution block-based motion propagation method and detect the objects using the background subtraction between the previous frame and the motion compensated current frame. Finally, we merge the separately detected objects using Delaunay triangulation. The experimental results using Carnegie Mellon University database show that the proposed moving object detection method outperforms the existing other methods in terms of detection accuracy and processing time.     

多特征稳健主成分分析的视频运动目标分割

提出一种多特征稳健主成分分析(MFRPCA)算法,该算法融合多种视觉特征进行视频运动目标分割,分割的目的即将运动目标从静止信息中提取出来,分割的主要过程是将多特征视频矩阵分解为低秩矩阵和稀疏矩阵.矩阵分解过程是求解一个带受限条件的核范数与L2,1范数组合的最小化问题,此最小化问题可以通过增广拉格朗日乘子法(ALM)有效求解.与其他算法相比,本文算法融合了图像的颜色、边缘和纹理特征等多个特征,通过对变化检测基准数据集进行检测,本文算法获得的查全率为0.486 0和F度量为0.559 7,实验结果表明,本文算法的稳健性和可靠性均优于其他算法.     

A robust framework for joint background/foreground segmentation of complex video scenes filmed with freely moving camera

This paper explores a robust region-based general framework for discriminating between background and foreground objects within a complex video sequence. The proposed framework works under difficult conditions such as dynamic background and nominally moving camera. The originality of this work lies essentially in our use of the semantic information provided by the regions while simultaneously identifying novel objects (foreground) and non-novel ones (background). The information of background regions is exploited to make moving objects detection more efficient, and vice-versa. In fact, an initial panoramic background is modeled using region-based mosaicing in order to be sufficiently robust to noise from lighting effects and shadowing by foreground objects. After the elimination of the camera movement using motion compensation, the resulting panoramic image should essentially contain the background and the ghost-like traces of the moving objects. Then, while comparing the panoramic image of the background with the individual frames, a simple median-based background subtraction permits a rough identification of foreground objects. Joint background-foreground validation, based on region segmentation, is then used for a further examination of individual foreground pixels intended to eliminate false positives and to localize shadow effects. Thus, we first obtain a foreground mask from a slow-adapting algorithm, and then validate foreground pixels (moving visual objects + shadows) by a simple moving object model built by using both background and foreground regions. The tests realized on various well-known challenging real videos (across a variety of domains) show clearly the robustness of the suggested solution. This solution, which is relatively computationally inexpensive, can be used under difficult conditions such as dynamic background, nominally moving camera and shadows. In addition to the visual evaluation, spatial-based evaluation statistics, given hand-labeled ground truth, has been used as a performance measure of moving visual objects detection.     

复杂背景下圆形物体分割算法

对如何从复杂的工业图像中准确提取圆形目标进行了研究。阐述了传统分割方法应用于复杂图像中提取圆形目标的局限性,提出了基于双阈值结合数学形态学运算的分割算法。首先分别根据两个阈值进行分割得到两幅二值图像,然后根据目标是圆形以及其大致位置等先验知识分别对两幅图进行腐蚀,开启,闭合等数学形态学运算,将高阈值分割得到的图像中的边界信息叠加到低阈值分割得到的图像中,实现对复杂背景图像中圆形物体的准确分割与提取,解决了复杂背景图像中物体识别率低的问题。实验结果表明本方法对复杂背景的图像预处理是有效的。     

On line background modeling for moving object segmentation in dynamic scenes

Fast and accurate moving object segmentation in dynamic scenes is the first step in many computer vision applications. In this paper, we propose a new background modeling method for moving object segmentation based on dynamic matrix and spatio-temporal analyses of scenes. Our method copes with some challenges related to this field. A new algorithm is proposed to detect and remove cast shadow. A comparative study by quantitative evaluations shows that the proposed approach can detect foreground robustly and accurately from videos recorded by a static camera and which include several constraints. A Highway Control and Management System called RoadGuard is proposed to show the robustness of our method. In fact, our system has the ability to control highway by detecting strange events that can happen like vehicles suddenly stopped in roads, parked vehicles in emergency zones or even illegal conduct such as going out from the road. Moreover, RoadGuard is capable of managing highways by saving information about the date and time of overloaded roads.     

A framework for background modelling and shadow suppression for moving object detection in complex wavelet domain

This paper describes a simple, robust and efficient framework for background subtraction and cast shadow suppression in complex wavelet domain. A background subtraction approach exploiting noise resilience capability of wavelet domain combined with local spatial coherence and median filter in the training stage is proposed. A novel shadow suppression scheme based on directional coefficients of Daubechies complex wavelet transform is introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated via qualitative and quantitative evaluation measures on both indoor and outdoor video sequences. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods.     

动态背景下空时特性均显著的运动目标检测

从序列图像中提取变化区域是运动检测的主要作用,动态背景的干扰严重影响检测结果,使得有效性运动检测成为一项困难工作。受静态图像显著性检测启发,提出了一种新的运动目标检测方法,采用自底向上与自顶向下的视觉计算模型相结合的方式获取图像的空时显著性：先检测出视频序列中的空间显著性,在其基础上加入时间维度,利用改进的三帧差分算法获取具有运动目标的时间显著性,将显著性目标的检测视角由静态图像转换为空时性均显著的运动目标。实验和分析结果表明：新方法在摄像机晃动等动态背景中能较准确检测出空时均显著的运动目标,具有较高的鲁棒性。     

基于改进混合高斯模型的运动物体检测研究

针对传统高斯建模的初始化问题、参数值的计算依赖于先前所有帧和零散噪点较多等问题,提出了一种改进混合高斯模型的方法,即在初始化每个像素点时采用邻域特性和中值滤波相结合的方法,用来获取更接近实际的初始背景。同时对背景模型的更新提出了改进方法,在原有的背景排序基础上增加“定时清零”策略,使新加入的像素点能快速匹配。最后对特定区域的学习速率进行重新设定,再结合像素点的空间分布特性,达到消除零散噪点和部分空洞的目的。实验结果表明,与传统的混合高斯模型相比,本文算法能准确的检测出运动物体,并对阴影和噪音有一定的抑制作用。     

Local-to-global background modeling for moving object detection from non-static cameras

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper investigates efficient and robust moving object detection from non-static cameras. To tackle the motion of background caused by moving cameras and to...     

Moving object detection via robust background modeling with recurring patterns voting

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper proposes a simple yet effective background modeling method based on recurring patterns voting for moving object detection under challenging scenes....     

利用时空背景模型的快速运动目标检测方法

为了弥补运动目标检测中传统混合高斯背景模型仅对单个像素建模、运算耗时的不足,通过提取背景时间统计特征和空间区域特征建立模型,针对模型中的高斯分量采用一种改进的分量个数自适应算法,并在此模型基础上,提出一种自适应迭代分块目标检测方法。通过包含区域信息的背景模型检测目标,减少在同一背景区域中目标的误判和漏判。将自适应迭代分块检测算法与背景的区域信息结合,可以在不降低检测精度的前提下大大提高算法执行速度。实验结果表明,相对于传统算法,本文检测法检测结果信噪比更高,目标更加完整,运行速度平均提高了22%。     

Improved background modeling for real-time spatio-temporal non-parametric moving object detection strategies

Answering to the growing demand of machine vision applications for the latest generation of electronic devices endowed with camera platforms, several moving object detection strategies have been proposed in recent years. Among them, spatio-temporal based non-parametric methods have recently drawn the attention of many researchers. These methods, by combining a background model and a foreground model, achieve high-quality detections in sequences recorded with non-completely static cameras and in scenarios containing complex backgrounds. However, since they have very high memory and computational associated costs, they apply some simplifications in the background modeling process, therefore decreasing the quality of the modeling.     

Fusion of thermal infrared and visible spectra for robust moving object detection

The detection of moving objects is a crucial step for many video surveillance applications whether using a visible camera (VIS) or an infrared (IR) one. In order to profit from both types, several fusion methods were proposed in the literature: low-level fusion, medium-level fusion and high-level fusion. The first one is the most used for moving objects’ detection in IR and VIS spectra. In this paper, we present an overview of the different moving object detection methods in IR and VIS spectra and a state of the art of the low-level fusion techniques. Moreover, we propose a new method for moving object detection using low-level fusion of IR and VIS spectra. In order to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively our proposed method, three series of experiments were carried out using two well-known datasets namely “OSU Color-Thermal Database” and “INO-Database”; the results of these evaluations show promising results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Simultaneous egomotion estimation,segmentation, and moving object detection

Robust egomotion estimation is a key prerequisite for making a robot truly autonomous. In previous work, a multimodel extension of random sample consensus (RANSAC) was introduced to deal with environments with rapid changes by incorporating moving object information. A multiscale matching algorithm was also proposed to resolve the issue of imperfect segmentation. In this paper, we present a novel specialization of RANSAC that extends the previous work. A unified framework is introduced to achieve simultaneously egomotion estimation, multiscale segmentation, and moving object detection in the RANSAC paradigm. The motivation of this work is to provide a robust real‐time solution to the problem of egomotion estimation, segmentation, and moving object detection in highly dynamic environments. The idea is to augment the discriminative power of spatial and temporal appearances of objects by the spatiotemporal consistency. The objective is twofold. First, split mismerged segments and distinguish nonstationary objects from stationary objects by the spatial consistency. Second, merge oversegmented segments and differentiate moving objects from outlying objects by the temporal consistency. Moving objects of considerably different sizes, from pedestrians to trucks, can be properly segmented and correctly detected. We also show that the performance of egomotion estimation can be further improved by taking into account both stationary and moving object information. Our approach is extensively evaluated on challenging data sets and compared to the state of the art. The experiments also show that our approach serves as a general framework that works well with various planar range data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于时空背景模型的自适应运动目标检测方法

现有的视觉背景提取方法(ViBe)在背景建模时只利用了像素的空间信息,而忽略时间信息,降低了检测的准确性,且检测半径和背景更新的随机子采样因子都为固定常数,在动态背景干扰、相机抖动等情况下,检测效果不理想。针对这些问题,提出一种时空背景模型的自适应运动目标检测方法。首先,在ViBe方法中加入时间信息建立时空背景模型;然后,在检测和更新过程中,提出背景模型中样本的标准差能反映背景的复杂度,通过计算样本的标准差来自适应地改变检测半径和背景更新的随机子采样因子适应背景的变化。实验结果表明,改进的方法不仅能够在静态背景和光照均匀的情况下有效地检测出前景像素,而且对存在光线变化较大、相机抖动、动态背景干扰等情况也有一定的抑制作用,提高了检测的准确性。     

高阶统计量的背景估计法在运动目标检测中的应用

利用随机变量的各阶矩的性质,构造了一种基于高阶统计量的背景估计方法,并将其应用于静态背景下的运动目标检测。文中采用多分辨率思想对程序进行优化。同时,在检测的过程中利用检测结果,采用分区域的方式对背景图像进行更新。计算机仿真实验表明,基于高阶统计量的背景估计及更新方法在应用于运动目标检测、提高背景差法在运动目标检测对背景环境变化的鲁棒性方面是有效的。     

基于聚类的背景建模与运动目标检测方法

为克服目前动态背景建模方法中计算量和存储量大的问题,提出了一种基于聚类的动态背景建模与运动目标分割方法。由于动态背景下每个像素的取值在时间轴上呈多峰分布形式,因此将每个峰看成一个子类,用聚类技术快速实现了动态背景的建模与更新,然后利用建立的背景模型快速、准确地实现运动目标的分割。实验结果表明：提出的背景建模方法能有效捕获并适应背景的动态变化,可显著降低目前动态背景建模方法的计算量和内存需求量,易于在基于DSP 或 FPGA等硬件系统上实时实现。     

复杂背景下的行人检测与分割

传统的目标检测算法在复杂环境下受到背景因素的干扰,分割出来的目标往往不能满足后期处理的需要;由于分割的好坏直接影响后期的目标跟踪的实时性和精确性的高低。鉴于此,在进行图像跟踪和识别之前,先对目标进行检测和精准的分割,提出了在AdaBoost算法中在原始Harr_like特征的基础上添加梯形特征,检测出目标的大致位置,将其作为蛇形分割的初始位置,改进蛇形分割的能量函数,分割的行人边界逐步进行收缩直至能量最小,提取出行人的真正区域。对比性实验表明改进后的算法满足实时性要求和精度要求,在一定程度上达到智能化的需求。     

慢运动背景下运动目标提取算法*

提出一种慢运动背景视频序列下基于帧间背景图像匹配的运动目标检测和提取算法。该算法首先使用仿射变换模型来描述慢运动背景图像的运动变化,并使用基于光流约束方法求解该仿射变换模型参数,实现了相邻帧间图像的背景匹配;其次,采用背景匹配后的两帧图像差进行目标检测,使用自适应二值化区分变化与未变化区域;最后,使用形态学等图像算法进行后处理提取运动目标。算法经实验证明,在背景慢运动情况下可以有效地提取出运动目标。