新疆某水电站溢洪道水工模型试验分析

根据工程建设需要,为全面验证工程总体布置和建筑物结构布置的合理性,对某泄水陡坡进行水工模型试验,分析原设计体型存在的主要问题。通过增设掺气槽、悬栅、修改模型尺寸,对泄水陡坡进行优化。结果表明,泄水陡坡过流能力满足要求,工程总体布置和建筑物结构布置合理,满足冬季排冰需求。     

新疆某水电站溢洪道水工模型试验分析

根据工程建设需要,为全面验证工程总体布置和建筑物结构布置的合理性,对某泄水陡坡进行水工模型试验,分析原设计体型存在的主要问题。通过增设掺气槽、悬栅、修改模型尺寸,对泄水陡坡进行优化。结果表明,泄水陡坡过流能力满足要求,工程总体布置和建筑物结构布置合理,满足冬季排冰需求。     

某水电站溢洪道水工模型试验研究

根据工程建设需要,为全面验证工程总体布置和建筑物结构布置的合理性,对某泄水陡坡进行水工模型试验,分析出原设计体型存在的主要问题。通过增设掺气槽、悬栅、修改模型尺寸,对泄水陡坡进行优化。结果表明:泄水陡坡过流能力满足要求,工程总体布置和建筑物结构布置合理,满足冬季排冰需求。     

导流洞出口消力池内设置悬栅消能工试验研究

通过对新疆迪那河五一水库工程导流兼排沙洞水工模型进行泄流试验,研究悬栅消力池的型式、体型、数量等参数对消能效果的影响,最终确定悬栅消力池内加17根栅条、池后采用1/8进行变坡的优化方案。试验结果表明：悬栅的设置,改善了消力池内水流的流态,降低了池内的最大水深。在设计水位下,设置悬栅后使消力池内最大水深由原来的19.4 ...     

悬栅布置形式对消力池消能效果的影响试验

悬栅消能工是将栅条悬空布置于泄水陡坡或消力池内的一种新型消能方式,为进一步研究新型悬栅消能工及其消能效果,通过物理模型对影响消力池消能效果的矩形悬栅布置形式进行试验。结果表明:消力池内布置悬栅对稳定水流和降低水深作用明显;由栅高hs、栅距bs、悬栅数量ns对池内最大水深hm影响得出栅高hs的适宜值为10 cm,栅距bs的适宜值为4~5 cm,悬栅数量ns的适宜值为16~20根;在Q=15 L/s下,悬栅hs=10 cm、bs=4 cm、ns=20根的布置形式可将消力池最大水深降低4.97 cm,降幅高达15.84%。     

小石峡水电站导流兼深孔泄洪洞消能工优化试验

通过新疆库马拉克河小石峡水电站导流兼深孔泄洪洞原设计方案的消能工试验,发现消力池内发生淹没水跃,水跃旋滚区与闸后射流相叠加,使陡坡段水流剧烈脉动。为了防止护坦段在较大的动水荷载下发生振动和破坏,采用在消力池内设置不同于传统布置方式的悬栅式消能工的方式,即从闸后陡坡末端起布置悬栅,悬栅的安装高度随水跃跃高逐渐抬高,呈台阶式布置。试验表明,台阶式布置悬栅起到了破碎水跃上部剧烈回旋运动的表面旋滚的作用,增大了回流的阻力,从而使水跃向下游移动,由淹没式水跃转化成稍有淹没水跃;在悬栅作用下,陡坡段和消力池内水流脉动明显减弱,浪花溅起高度明显小于加悬栅前的高度,这种悬栅布置方式可为其他同类工程提供参考。     

底流消力池内悬栅消能工数值模拟研究

运用Fluent流体力学计算软件进行数值模拟是研究底流消力池消能规律和水流流场的重要方式。通过消力池内流场的特性参数,分析未布置悬栅和布置悬栅后消力池内水流运动流场特性,以便为深入了解消力池内流场特性提供可靠依据和帮助,也可作为今后水利工程中优化消力池及悬栅消能工结构的参考。     

哈峡加尔水电站泄水陡坡模型试验优化设计

泄水陡坡在压力前池中占据较重要位置,其布置形式应满足地形、地质及排冰泄水等要求。哈峡加尔水电站位于天山西部北坡,冬季寒冷积雪较深,压力前池采用正向排冰侧向分层引水的布置形式,泄水陡坡采用三级消力池消能,并结合悬栅辅助消能工,消能效果显著,满足设计要求。     

萨彦舒申斯克水电站消力池运行经验

萨彦舒申斯克水电站消力池运行经验Ａ．．叶菲缅科等主题词消力池，结构设计，原型试验，运行经验，萨彦舒申斯克水电站在批准的设计任务书中水利枢纽泄水建筑物的布置方式是．上下游河段抛流衔接，以便在冲刷坑内消能。尽管对泄水建筑物大多数布置和结构方案进行了为期５...     

消力池内双层悬栅对消能效果影响试验研究

针对在消力池内布置双层悬栅对消能效果影响鲜有研究,通过在消力池内未布置悬栅、布置单层悬栅和布置双层悬栅进行模型试验,对比分析布置悬栅前后消力池内流态、最大水深以及消能率。结果表明:在设计流量Q为15 L/s时,布置双层悬栅后,消力池内流态更加稳定,最大水深下降更加明显,但改变悬栅布置型式和栅条数,消能率变化不大。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。     

Fish assemblage response to recent mitigation of a channelized warmwater stream

Various designs of low‐head dams are used to rehabilitate streams or forestall upstream channel incision after channelization. We report on the efficacy of using notched sills and grade control structures (GCS) to restore the fish assemblage in Luxapallila Creek, Mississippi. We tested the null hypotheses that habitat variables and species richness, evenness, and assemblage structure would not differ among: (1) a channelized segment with no modifications; (2) a channelized segment mitigated by the installation of sills and GCS; (3) a segment upstream of the installations and undergoing channel incision; and (4) an unaltered segment. Although habitat variables changed, neither species richness, evenness, nor fish assemblage structure differed between mitigated and channelized segments with both exhibiting less richness and different assemblage structures than the unaltered segment. Lack of differences in species richness between the incised and unaltered segments suggest that the GCS may have halted the negative effects of upstream channel incision before species were extirpated. Conspicuous habitat differences between the altered (channelized and mitigated) and unaltered segments were lack of backwaters and canopy coverage and finer substrates in the altered segments. Our results suggest a more comprehensive rehabilitation strategy is required in Luxapallila Creek. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF WAVE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WIND STRESS AND SURFACE MIXING LENGTH BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION Coastal and continental shelf regions are characterized by intensive interaction between wave and current. These regions are of great economic significance to mankind. Therefore, the modeling of wave and current as well as their mutual int…