女性原发性前纵隔精原细胞瘤一例报告及文献复习

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤于1951年最早由Friemen描述发生率低,罕见于女性。由于临床表现和影像学表现均无特殊性,致其术前诊断十分困难[1]。本研究对1例女性原发性前纵隔精原细胞瘤进行报道,复习文献并总结纵隔精原细胞瘤的临床、影像及病理等特点,以期提高对本病的认识。     

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤5例报告

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤５例报告徐忠法郭洪亮宋希林（山东省肿瘤防治研究院，济南２５０１１７）精原细胞瘤是源于生殖细胞的恶性肿瘤，原发部位一般在睾丸、盆腔和腹膜后，起源于纵隔的精原细胞瘤少见。我院自１９８５～１９９４年共诊治原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤５例。现报告...     

原发性纵隔恶性生殖细胞肿瘤

原发性纵隔恶性生殖细胞肿瘤临床少见,与相应原发性性腺生殖细胞肿瘤的临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后均不相同。以顺铂为基础联合化疗是其主要治疗手段,近年通过综合治疗患者预后明显好转,原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤治愈率高,但非精原细胞瘤预后仍不理想。     

纵隔原发精原细胞瘤

纵隔原发精原细胞瘤为一罕见的位于前纵隔的肿瘤,患者大多数为男性。本病或性腺外的其他精原细胞瘤对化疗十分敏感,而作单纯放疗的效果不甚理想,这使得越来越多的人倾向于应用化疗。作者总结了4例纵隔原发精原细胞瘤的治疗经验,采用单纯化疗或联合化疗和放疗,对影响预后的因素、     

纵隔精原细胞瘤1例

 本院收治1例纵隔精原细胞瘤,罕见,报道如下。     

4例原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤诊断与治疗

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤临床罕见,我们近年来收治4例。病　例例1:男性,32岁。胸闷、气促1月。胸部ＣＴ示前上纵隔14ｃｍ×12ｃｍ×10ｃｍ实性肿物,呈分叶状,密度不均,主要突向右胸。右胸探查见肿瘤与上腔静脉相邻,心包有浸润,切除90%肿瘤及受累心包。病理证实为精原细胞瘤。...     

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤一例并文献复习

精原细胞瘤一般源于睾丸的生殖细胞,属于低度恶性肿瘤,好发于单侧睾丸,在35~45岁男性中多见。少见发生于性腺器官以外。纵隔精原细胞瘤临床表现无特殊性,影像学表现难鉴别,易误诊,文献报道较少。作者就1例原发性前纵隔精原细胞瘤的治疗过程结合文献进行讨论。     

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤一例

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤一例据冯流辉（成都市第二人民医院）等人报道：患者男，４６岁，医生，因上腹疼及黑便，经纤维胃镜检查发现十二指肠球部溃疡伴出血，于１９９４年７月１４日住内科保守治疗。胸部Ｘ线拍片右前上纵隔包块。ＣＴ示右上纵隔肿块，肿块密度不均，未见纵...     

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的 总结原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤的CT表现特征.方法 回顾分析10例经病理证实的原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤的CT资料.结果 肿瘤位于前纵隔9例,中纵隔1例,最大径为6.5～18.2 cm,平均12.3 cm,肿瘤均为软组织密度肿块,未检出囊腔及房性结构,亦未检出脂肪样密度、钙化或水样密度,肿瘤中心低密度9例,包绕大血管、心包7例,胸壁受累2例,纵隔或(和)锁骨上淋巴结肿大4例,肺部改变5例,双肺转移1例,胸腔积液4例,心包积液5例.结论 原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤绝大多数位于前纵隔,体积较大,呈无钙化或脂肪的实性肿块,中心常呈低密度,部分侵犯周围结构,在CT上有一定的特征性.     

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤四例报告

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤四例报告山东省肿瘤防治研究院（济南市２５０１１７）徐忠法宋洪宽原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤少见，本文报告４例，并就其诊治等问题进行讨论。１临床资料１．１一般资料本组４例中，男３例，女１例。年龄２３～５４岁，中位年龄３８．５岁，其中３例３...     

原发于纵隔和腹膜后的生殖细胞肿瘤37例临床报告

目的 探讨原发于纵隔和腹膜后的生殖细胞肿瘤的临床特点、治疗方法、疗效以及影响预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析37例原发于纵隔和腹膜后的生殖细胞肿瘤的临床资料，其中25例原发于纵隔，12例原发于腹膜后；精原细胞瘤13例，非精原细胞瘤24例。结果 原发于纵隔的精原细胞瘤、非精原细胞瘤和原发于腹膜后的精原细胞瘤、非精原细胞瘤的5年生存率分别为40％、34％、100％和67％；相应的5年无进展生存率分别为34％、32％、100％和67％。单因素分析显示，病理类型、原发部位和国际预后评分均为有显著意义的预后因素。结论 原发于纵隔和腹膜后的生殖细胞肿瘤是1组有潜在治愈可能的疾病。影响预后的因素主要包括肿瘤原发部位、病理类型及国际预后评分。     

Primary anterior mediastinal seminoma

A review of the Mayo Clinic experience with primary anterior mediastinal seminomas involved 17 patients who had pure anterior mediastinal seminomas and four who had mixed germ-cell tumors containing seminomas. At follow-up, of the 17 patients with pure anterior mediastinal seminoma, nine had no evidence of disease and eight had died of metastatic disease. Of the four patients with mixed germ-cell tumor containing seminoma, two were alive at follow-up and two had died of metastatic disease. In the group with pure anterior mediastinal seminoma, these factors seemed to have been associated with a greater potential for progression of disease: older than 35 years of age, presentation with fever, superior vena caval syndrome, supraclavicular or cervical adenopathy, and roentgenographic evidence of hilar disease.     

Primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumours: improved prognosis with platinum-based chemotherapy and surgery.

A retrospective analysis was performed of 18 patients with primary malignant germ cell tumours of the mediastinum treated with platinum-based chemotherapy between 1977 and 1990. All seven patients with pure seminoma were treated initially with chemotherapy and four of these patients received additional mediastinal radiotherapy. Only one patient relapsed; his initial therapy had included radiotherapy and single-agent carboplatin and he was successfully salvaged with combination chemotherapy. With a follow-up of 11 to 117 months (median 41 months) all seven patients with seminoma remain alive and disease free giving an overall survival of 100%. Eleven patients had malignant non seminoma; following chemotherapy eight of these had elective surgical resection of residual mediastinal masses. Complete remission was achieved in nine (82%) patients, however, one of these patients died from bleomycin pneumonitis. With a follow-up of 12 to 113 months (median 55 months) eight of 11 (73%) patients with malignant mediastinal teratoma remain alive and disease free.     

Primary Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors—The University of Western Ontario Experience

Extragonadal germ cell tumors account for 2–5.7% of germ cell tumors (GCTs). Of these, primary mediastinal GCTs (PMGCTs) are responsible for 16–36% of cases. Given the rarity of these tumors, specific treatment strategies have not been well defined. We report our experience in treating these complex patients. In total, 318 men treated at our institution with chemotherapy for GCTs between 1980 and 2016 were reviewed. PMGCT was defined as clinically diagnosed mediastinal GCT with no evidence of testicular GCT (physical exam/ultrasound). We identified nine patients diagnosed with PMGCT. All patients presented with an anterior mediastinal mass and no gonadal lesion; four patients also had metastatic disease. Median age at diagnosis was 30 years (range, 14–56) and median mass size at diagnosis was 9 cm (range, 3.4–19). Eight patients had non-seminoma and one had pure seminoma. All patients received cisplatin-based chemotherapy initially. Surgical resection was performed in four patients; three patients had a complete resection and one patient was found to have an unresectable tumor. At a median follow-up of 2 years (range, 3 months–28 years) six patients had progressed. Progression-free survival was short with a median of 4.1 months from diagnosis (range 1.5–122.2 months). Five patients died at a median of 4.4 months from diagnosis. One and 5-year overall survivals were 50% and 38%, respectively. PMGCT are rare and aggressive. Our real-life Canadian experience is consistent with current literature suggesting that non-seminoma PMGCT has a poor prognosis despite prompt cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by aggressive thoracic surgery.     

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Associated with a Mediastinal Tumor

We describe a 45-year-old female who developed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) associated with a mediastinal mass. The patient achieved a complete remission accompanied by resolution of the mediastinal mass following intensive chemotherapy alone. A review of the literature disclosed ten AML patients with a mediastinal tumor; all five patients who had mediastinal granulocytic sarcoma treated by local irradiation prior to developing AML, eventually relapsed as frank leukemia and died soon afterwards. On the other hand, three of the other five patients who simultaneously developed both a mediastinal tumor and overt AML achieved complete remission with combination chemotherapy. In conclusion, intensive chemotherapy should be considered for a patient with granulocytic sarcoma of the mediastinum, irrespective of the concomitant leukemia.     

Primary seminoma in the middle mediastinum: case report in a 69-year-old male

Primary mediastinal seminoma is an uncommon tumor usually located in the anterior mediastinum. The majority of cases occur in young males. We report here an extremely rare case of a 69-year-old male with primary seminoma in the middle mediastinum. The patient had no complaints, but an abnormal shadow was seen in a routine chest X-ray. We performed a tumorectomy in the middle mediastinum, a thymectomy and an orchidectomy and added postoperative chemotherapy. It seems that the tumor was not associated with the thymus, so we believe the tumor did not stem from the embryonic thymus. Our case demonstrated that mediastinal seminoma does not always occur in the anterior mediastinum of young males. Although this case is rare, seminoma should be included among the possible diagnoses of a middle mediastinal mass.      

Primary Malignant Germ Cell Tumours of the Mediastinum: Results of Multimodality Treatment

Primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumours are rare and considered to have poorer prognosis compared with those arising from gonads. Eighteen patients with primary mediastinal germ cell tumour were treated over an 11-year period; 9 had seminoma and 9 non-seminoma. Eight patients, 4 each with seminoma and non-seminoma underwent initial tumour excision and the rest had biopsy only. All patients received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. All patients with seminoma received consolidation radiotherapy to mediastinum. Three patients with non-seminoma received radiotherapy following partial response. All 9 patients with seminoma achieved complete response at the end of chemotherapy. Two patients with NSGCT had complete response to chemotherapy, 5 partial response and 2 no response. Two patients who underwent resection of the residual tumour mass are surviving free of disease. Addition of radiotherapy or second-line chemotherapy did not bring about any added response in partial and non-responders. Nine out of 9 patients with seminoma and 4/9 with non-seminoma are surviving disease-free at a median follow-up of 48 months (range 16-153 months). Mediastinal seminoma has excellent prognosis with cisplatin combination chemotherapy, whereas non-seminoma carries poor prognosis, and aggressive chemotherapy with resection of residual masses may improve the outcome. The role of additional radiotherapy and initial tumour debulking needs further evaluation.     

原发于纵隔的生殖细胞肿瘤47例临床分析

目的探讨原发于纵隔的生殖细胞肿瘤的临床特点、治疗方法及预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析47例原发于纵隔的生殖细胞肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果47例患者中,男性41例,女性6例,中位年龄26岁;8例（17．0％）精原细胞瘤,39例（83．0％）非精原细胞瘤。全组患者中位生存期为16个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为63．4％、37．5％和34．8％;非精原细胞瘤患者1、3、5年生存率分别为56．4％、30．0％和27．3％,8例精原细胞瘤患者中,7例生存满5年。多因素分析显示,病理类型是原发于纵隔的生殖细胞肿瘤患者预后的独立影响因素（P=0．045）。结论纵隔精原细胞瘤患者对放疗、化疗敏感,预后较好;纵隔非精原细胞瘤患者预后差,化疗是其主要治疗手段,以顺铂为基础的化疗明显提高了这类患者的生存率。     

Primary mediastinal seminoma--a case report

Primary mediastinal seminoma is a rare germ cell tumor that is histologically identical to testicular seminoma. Fifty-one cases have been reported in the Japanese literature. This report concerns a new case of this tumor which showed high levels of a serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The patient is a 27 year old man whose father underwent an orchiectomy with postoperative radiation therapy for testicular tumor. After radiation and chemotherapy, the patient's chest X-ray showed complete regression of the mass, and his ALP and ACE decreased to normal levels.     

Primary malignant mediastinal germ-cell tumors and the contribution of radiotherapy: a southeastern multi-institutional study

A retrospective review was performed by a multi-institutional study group to determine the contribution of radiotherapy to the management of primary malignant mediastinal germ-cell tumors. Twenty-seven patients diagnosed with a primary mediastinal germ-cell tumor between January 1965 and July 1985 form the basis of this study. Twenty-five of the 27 patients were male. Thirteen patients' tumors were diagnosed as seminoma and the remaining 14 patients' tumors had other germ-cell histologies. The single most important prognostic factor was histology, with a 5-year actuarial survival of 100% for the seminomas and only 8.8% for the remaining germ-cell varieties. If total surgical extirpation is not possible, biopsy may be adequate. Of the patients with seminoma, 11 of 12 had local control, and 3 of the 12 patients were treated with doses between 3,000 and 3,100 cGy. High doses for this variety of mediastinal germ-cell tumor might not be required. For the germ-cell tumors other than seminoma, no patient had local control with doses over the range of 3,000-4,750 cGy.