Childhood Ideology in the United States: A Comparative Cultural View

Childhood ideology functions in each nation as a complex of ideas about what children are like and how best to teach and socialise them. One important domain of childhood ideology concerns ideas and practices related to children's development and behaviour management. Drawing from an analysis of popular childrearing magazines and early childhood education materials in the United States, this cultural study describes contemporary American mainstream beliefs concerning children's early emotional and behavioural development. In particular, the paper explores themes of emotional expression, autonomy, individuality, power, and consumerism. Some comparisons with Japanese views on child development and emotional/behavioural socialisation are also made. The paper suggests that popular ideas and techniques of emotional and behavioural management in the United States in both families and early childcare environments reflect a dominant ideology of children that has potentially negative consequences for children's welfare. Furthermore, childhood ideologies, while retaining culturally specific values and ideas neither remain static nor exist in isolation from one another. The paper questions the global diffusion of a Western-style professionalised discourse of child psychology that may not be applicable to all nations and their children.     

Environmental Education in the United States: A Survey of Preservice Teacher Education Programs

Abstract

The status of the environmental education component of preservice teacher education programs is unknown nationally. This study surveyed 715 institutions of teacher education using a mail questionnaire. The response rate was approximately 63%. The results indicate that most schools have few requirements related to environmental education, and in the majority of schools environmental education is not institutionalized.     

环境教育实施与环境行为养成——以台湾某国小高年级学生为例

以自编的“环境行为问卷”为研究工具,以桃园某国小全体五、六年级学生为研究对象,以问卷调查法收集资料,再用t考验、单因子变异数、皮尔逊积差相关、多元回归做统计分析,研究结果均指出学童参与打扫行为的表现是正向且积极的,而打扫行为与环境行为间亦有很高的相关性,打扫行为与环境态度可决定学生环境行为的强弱指标．由此看出,学校环境教育方法与内容得当,会对环境行为的养成有极大帮助．     

工读学生攻击性行为与社会问题解决特点的研究

本研究采用投射测验,通过集体开放式问卷的形式来比较工读生和普通生攻击性行为社会问题解决的特点。结果表明:(1)和普通生相比,工读生在社会问题的解决中攻击性和操纵性反应比较明显,亲社会的策略较少。(2)当被要求寻找其他替代性的策略去解决问题时,工读生提出的解决问题的策略的数量通常少于普通学生,解决问题的方式、变通性和可行性都较普通学生差,可以看出他们缺乏人际冲突解决的必要技巧和方法。他们在社会问题解决上表现出的这些特点都和他们的攻击性行为有一定的关系。     

中美两国的理工科大学人文素质教育比较研究

人文素质是理工科大学生综合素质的重要组成部分,它更多是倾向于社会人的基本素质的培养。然而随着中国现代化步伐的突飞猛进,一些院校为了追求卓越的学术成就和轰动的市场名利,淡化了人文素质教育,以至于大学生尤其是理工科大学生的人文素质令人堪忧,很多问题和缺憾渐渐凸显出来。然而在美国工科院校的课程设置调研中却发现:人文素质类课程占比较高,形式多样,几乎与专业课持平。加强理工科大学生的人文素质教育已成为世界高等教育的发展趋势。本文采取调查研究、数据分析、文献解读和梳理等研究方法,对中美两国的理工科大学人文素质教育的现状进行了比对,互相取长补短,以期推进我国理工科大学的人文素质教育水平的提升。     

An Analysis of the Predictive Validity of the New Ecological Paradigm Scale

Abstract

The widely used New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) scale was recently revised to address concerns about its dimensionality and validity. As an ever larger number of researchers from an increasing variety of disciplines incorporate environmental issues into their research, the need for environmental concern measures such as the NEP will broaden. The authors evaluated the predictive validity of the original and revised versions of the NEP scale, some abbreviated NEP-derived scales, and a non-NEP environmental attitudes scale. All of these scales explained a significant amount of the variance in a measure of intention to engage in proenvi-ronmental behavior. Based on the results, the authors suggest how researchers should use these scales in their research.     

Variation in Environmentalism Among University Students: Majoring in Outdoor Recreation,Parks, and Tourism Predicts Environmental Concerns and Behaviors

In a survey of Canadian university students (N = 205), the relationship between majoring in an outdoor recreation university program and environmental concern, cooperation, and behavior were examined. Stepwise linear regression indicated that enrollment in outdoor recreation was predictive of environmental behavior and ecological cooperation; and these results held independently of age and gender. We then examined the possibility that environmental concern may mediate these relationships. Inclusion of ecocentrism as a mediating variable indicated that environmental concern partially accounted for the relation between outdoor recreation and self-reported environmental behavior, and fully mediated (reduced to nonsignificance) the relationship between outdoor recreation and ecological cooperation. Results are discussed in the context of education, and more specifically experiential outdoor education as promoting environmental behavior through greater concern for the ecosystem.     

英汉习语文化差异的对比分析

习语是语言的精华,在语言中占有重要地位。通过分析比较英汉习语的来源及其折射的文化,揭示英汉习语的文化特点和差异,感受英汉文化的异同,说明语言和文化之间密不可分的关系,以便真正理解和掌握语言。     

一线与非一线城市留美学生跨文化适应情况的比较分析

2019年8-12月,笔者利用在AUIA(American Universities in Asia)国际暑期学校做助教以及在加州大学圣克鲁兹分校做交换生的机会,用问卷星对部分在美国的中国留学生进行了留美期间跨文化适应情况的问卷调查,将被调查对象分为一线城市学生及非一线城市学生两类,从地区差异的角度了解在不同社会环境中成长的留美学生在留学期间跨文化适应的群体特征,为教育研究部门、留学生及其家长提供参考。结果表明,来自我国一线城市和非一线城市的留美学生在学习、生活、人际交往等方面的跨文化适应上既有共性也有差异,各有优势与不足。本文针对两类学生的共性和差异性问题分别提出了改进建议。     

中国留学生在美国状况探析:跨文化适应和挑战

本文从跨文化的角度梳理了中国留学生在美国的跨文化适应和挑战。一方面从文化、社会生活、和就业移民的状况来考察中国学生群体在美国的跨文化适应情况;另一方面依据访谈数据,从学业方面、社会—文化方面和个人生活等方面探讨了中国学生在美国所遇到的压力和挑战。本文旨在全面反馈海外留学生的生存图景,为国家的海外留学预警工作提供实证指导。     

日本和美国课例研究的比较研究

本文主要分析日本课例研究的特点,以及在世纪之交移植到美国之后产生的诸多变异,从而探讨课例研究顺利展开的必要条件.     

中美研究生职业能力构建及培养比较分析

职业能力是劳动者从事某种职业必备的各项能力的综合概括,是支撑其职业人生的关键。研究生作为高素质的专业人才,其职业能力高低关乎其个人的发展前途,关乎其对团队的存在价值,关乎其对社会的贡献。因此运用比较教育学原理通过对中美研究生创新能力、人际关系能力、沟通交流能力以及自主创业能力的比较分析,揭示中国研究生职业能力的现状、问题及成因,探索提高中国研究生职业能力的路径具有重要理论意义和现实意义。     

中美MPA教育人才培养模式比较探析

中美两国MPA教育发展，由于学科发展历史的不同，尽管培养目标相似，但是人才培养方式和教育环境存在较大的差异，只有正确认识差距方能迎头赶上，有效推动我国MPA教育不断完善。     

Career counseling centers in higher education: A study of cross-cultural applications from the United States to Korea

Interest in career development and career counseling is growing in Korea. Nevertheless, neither the research nor the literature adequately address the question as to what applications can be cross-culturally transferred from career counseling centers in the United States to Korea. This study qualitatively examines the practice of career counseling in seven university career counseling centers in the United States in a search for concepts and methods that may be cross-culturally applied to Korean universities. Nine categories of data emerged in our qualitative analysis of information gathered: (a) types of systems; (b) staff; (c) services provided; (d) career assessments; (e) alumni networks; (f) workshops and outreach; (g) publicity; (h) information technology; and (i) facilities. Applications and ideas for the Korean context, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

英汉语言中礼貌原则对比及文化内涵研究

礼貌是一种社会现象,也是一种文化现象。它像一面镜子反映社会文化的方方面面。本文以Leech的礼貌原则为理论框架,分析了英汉两种语言体系中礼貌原则的异同,揭示了英语和汉语语言蕴涵的文化差异,指出正确对待这些差异,有利于跨文化交际的顺利实现。     

美国的环境政治与政策

美国的环境政治和环境政策有其独特的思想观念、促成环境运动兴起的力量以及解决环境问题的一套独创性的政策建议。借鉴美国环境保护的经验 ,中国环境保护的关键在于将其与国家的已经行之有效的经济发展计划相结合     

学《走遍美国》,看中美文化差异

《走遍美国》)是一部极其实用的中级水平的视听说美语教程。这部教材不仅使我们领略到纯正的当代美国口语，也使我们对中美之间的化差异有了进一步的了解。章从婚礼习俗、体触、礼节、宠物、收受礼物、迷信和独立性等几个方面来探讨这些差异，意欲对各级英语教师和英语学习提供一些参考。     

中美教学文化的比较分析

为什么不同国家地区的教学文化呈现出不同的特征和不同的形式,笔者认为除了一些浅层次的因素外,最根本的是文化传统的差异。本文将从文化传统与教学文化的关系、中关文化各自的特征以及中关文化传统影响下的教学文化的不同表现形式等方面去揭示中关教学文化的根本性差异,以便对中关教学文化有一个本质性的了解。