考虑体积质量变化时非饱和土的土压力系数

利用非饱和土的双应力状态变量表示方法，各向同性和线弹性非饱和土的本构方程以及饱和度与基质吸力之间的关系，建立了非饱和土在考虑基质吸力和体积质量沿深度变化时的静止．主动和被动土压力系数表达式。通过数值积分求出了考虑不同因素作用时的三种土压力系数，并得到以下一些结论：非饱和土的土压力系数不仅与相应的饱和土参数有关，还与深度和基质吸力的分布有关；压力系数在较浅处一般较小，随深度的增加而增大，且三种系数均有在一定深度范围内为零即在地面产生裂缝的可能，主动情况下裂缝深度最大；基质吸力沿深度线性减小时的土压力系数最接近饱和时的土压力系数，且基质吸力减小的越快。两种压力系数越接近。     

基质吸力对非饱和土抗剪强度影响的试验研究

在非饱和土条件下产生的负孔隙水压力(基质吸力)对于预测如边坡、挡土墙、挖方工程、基础工程之类的土石结构的稳定性十分重要.为了探讨基质吸力对非饱和土抗剪强度的影响,采用非饱和土固结排水三轴剪切试验对此进行了研究.试验采用恒定的净周围压力和变化的基质吸力,以反映基质吸力的变化对抗剪强度的影响.通过对试验结果的分析可以得到如下的结论:表示基质吸力对抗剪强度的平均增加率的参数Φb为20.7°,在较小的基质吸力范围内基质吸力与抗剪强度之间存在着线性关系.     

基于三剪强度准则的非饱和土库仑主动土压力

基于三剪强度准则,结合非饱和土抗剪强度理论,推导得到考虑多种因素影响的挡土墙库仑主动土压力表达式。该式考虑土体非饱和因素,更合理地反映中间主应力在土体强度中的作用,可用于复杂情况下的土压力计算,经算例验证了其推导合理性。相关影响因素分析表明,土压力计算值随三剪强度参数b的增大而减小;随基质吸力的增大非线性减小,而随基质吸力角的增大呈线性减小趋势,其中基质吸力变化对土压力影响较为显著。应用该式,合理确定相关土体参数,可优化设计,提高经济效益,为非饱和土地区工程实践提供了参考。     

非饱和土强度非线性及对被动土压力的影响

为研究非饱和土强度的非线性及其对被动土压力的影响,文中在介绍非饱和土强度非线性研究进展的基础上,结合分段抗剪强度公式拟合了一个高吸力抗剪强度参数,并将这一参数应用于非饱和土被动土压力的计算。研究结果表明:高基质吸力具有双重影响,按减小影响和增大效应间的相对关系可分为3种情况,所对应的被动土压力随着基质吸力的增大,或逐渐减小并最终趋于稳定,或略有增加,或大幅度增加,这实际反映的是高基质吸力下非饱和土强度的非线性规律。     

基于土水特征曲线的非饱和土强度预测研究

土水特征曲线反映了非饱和土体中的基质吸力与含水量,或者饱和度之间的关系,在非饱和土的渗流、强度、扩散等诸多方面的研究都会涉及土水特征曲线的相关理论。在前人研究的基础上,分析了土水特征曲线产生滞回效应的微观机理,将基质吸力产生的负压力对应于土颗粒间所产生正应力的增量,将体积含水量引入抗剪强度增量公式。认为非饱和土的强度分为土体处在饱和状态时的强度以及由于基质吸力所引起的强度增量两个部分,提出了非饱和土的强度预测公式;并通过定义等效含水率对公式进行修正。通过选取的四种材料参数对所提出的公式进行验证,结果表明强度预测公式与实际情况吻合良好,所提公式具有一定的适用性。在此基础上较为系统地分析了基质吸力对非饱和土体强度的贡献。     

上海软土非饱和压缩特征

通过室内吸力控制的非饱和1维压缩试验,获得了上海软土在不同吸力下的压缩—回弹—再压缩曲线,进而获取了非饱和土2个重要压缩性指标——回弹指数和压缩指数;分析探讨了基质吸力对非饱和土强度的影响,并采用Alonso弹塑性模型对试验实测数据进行了拟合分析,获取了前期固结压力随基质吸力的变化关系曲线.试验结果表明,随着基质吸力的增加,土的压缩性不断降低;当前吸力条件下,孔隙比随竖向压力变化曲线阶段特征明显,包括弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段以及回弹与再压缩阶段;非饱和压缩过程中,前期固结压力随基质吸力减小而减小,土的孔隙比与基质吸力和竖向应力之间呈曲面关系.     

某滑坡滑带非饱和土强度特性试验研究

借助专门的能够控制吸力的四联式非饱和土直剪仪,对清江水布垭坝区古树包滑坡滑带土的重塑样进行了一系列抗剪强度试验,验证了F red lud提出的非饱和土抗剪强度公式对滑带土的适用性,求出了该滑带非饱和土的强度参数;通过在一定基质吸力条件下量测含水率-固结压力之间的关系,指出土-水特征曲线与固结压力相关的特性。     

黄河冲积粉土的吸力和强度特性关系

采用GDS非饱和三轴仪对黄河冲积粉土击实土样进行同时控制净室压力和吸力的三轴剪切试验,研究了吸力和土样强度之间的关系.试验结果表明,非饱和与饱和土样均呈现出应变硬化的双曲线形应力-应变关系;非饱和状态下土样的内摩擦角近似等于饱水状态下的有效内摩擦角,同时总黏聚力随吸力增加而线性增大;随着吸力的增大,土样的强度提高,说明吸力对土体具有强化作用;土样临界状态线的斜率是一个与吸力无关的常数,临界状态线在q轴上的截距μ反映了吸力对强度的贡献,对该击实粉土,μ和s呈线性关系.     

吸力控制下非饱和粉土的动力变形特性

利用美国GCTS公司生产的吸力可控USTX-2000全自动非饱和土/饱和土动三轴仪, 在控制吸力条件下对非饱和粉土的动力变形特性进行试验研究. 开展循环荷载下的动力变形试验, 得到了非饱和粉土试样的动应力应变骨架曲线、动弹性模量和阻尼比. 试验结果表明: 在动荷载作用下, 吸力控制下的非饱和粉土动应力应变关系骨架曲线呈双曲线形, 且吸力越大, 骨架曲线越高; 非饱和粉土的动弹性模量随吸力的增大而增大, 但没有净围压增大效果显著; 非饱和粉土的阻尼比随吸力的增大而减小, 但减小幅度没有净围压增大那样显著; 非饱和粉土的动应力应变关系骨架曲线、动弹性模量以及阻尼比随吸力的变化规律可用非饱和土的平均骨架应力值的变化解释.     

膨胀土的基质吸力对土钉支护内部稳定性的影响

为了合理的提高膨胀土在基坑开挖过程中的稳定性,采用膨胀力代替基质吸力来刻画非饱和土的抗剪强度,推导了膨胀土的土钉支护内部稳定公式,并通过算例说明吸力对土钉支护内部稳定安全系数的影响。计算结果表明:考虑基质吸力的作用,能够较大程度的提高土钉支护的安全性,降低工程造价。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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