不同方式放置白膜制备浓缩血小板质量指标比较

目的探讨全血分离白膜静置2h后,血小板恒温保存箱振荡过夜保存白膜袋及静置室温过夜保存白膜袋,对制备浓缩血小板回收率及血小板质量指标的影响。方法对124份400mL新鲜全血进行容量检测和血常规计数,随机选取其中53份当日分离白膜静置2h后置血小板恒温保存箱振荡过夜保存为实验组,剩余71份当日分离白膜后静置室温过夜保存为对照组,两组白膜于次日制备浓缩血小板。然后对两组浓缩血小板进行p H、葡萄糖、血小板聚集率及血小板低渗休克反应相对变化率(HSR)的测定。结果白膜振荡过夜保存和静止过夜保存后制备的浓缩血小板计数分别为(7.23±2.21)×10~(10)和(7.17±2.08)×10~(10),实验组高于对照组,差异无统计学意义。但是血小板回收率则是实验组为68.69%±19.21%,高于对照组血小板回收率62.07%±11.37%,差异有统计学意义。实验组和对照组制备的浓缩血小板pH值分别为7.23±0.08和7.12±0.14,GLU(mmol/L)分别为20.57±1.26和19.32±1.41,血小板聚集率分别为92.65%±3.02%和88.82%±3.43%,差异均无统计学意义。实验组浓缩血小板HSR为81.50%±8.57%,明显高于对照组浓缩血小板74.30%±11.55%,差异有统计学意义。结论两种方式放置白膜袋所制备的浓缩血小板,检测指标均符合国家质量标准,但血小板回收率和体外功能检测指标HSR显示白膜静置后振荡过夜方式制备的浓缩血小板可能更具有优势。     

白膜法制备浓缩血小板后悬浮红细胞质量探讨

目的 观察白膜法制备浓缩血小板后的悬浮红细胞质量。方法 对白膜法制备浓缩血小板后的悬浮红细胞质量与常规方法制备的进行比较。检测两者血容量、血红蛋白（Hb）、白细胞（WBC）、血小板（PLT），并比较相同Hb含量时两者的WBC、PLT含量。结果 两者血容量、Hb、WBC、PLT含量及相同Hb量时WBC、PLT含量的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 白膜法制备浓缩血小板后的悬浮红细胞的WBC、PLT含量较少，输血更安全；但血容量、Hb含量明显低于常规方法制备的悬浮红细胞，血液有效成分含量减少。     

白膜法少白细胞浓缩血小板的制备及质量分析

目的 改进手工制备浓缩血小板方法,提高血小板制备质量.方法 ①全血经特定程序进行离心,利用全自动血液成分分离机分离白膜,白膜解聚后进行二次轻离心.②经白细胞滤器滤除血小板中的白细胞,然后进行细胞计数.结果 10份按该法制备的浓缩血小板(10U/袋),其血小板计数、残余红细胞数、白细胞数分别为(3.8±0.3)×1011/袋,(4.0±0.4)×108/袋,(0.5±0.3)×106/袋,容量250 ml～350 ml.结论 该法制备的手工浓缩血小板含量高,残余红细胞、白细胞数量低.质量指标达到国家质量要求,适宜血站推广应用.     

影响手工制备浓缩血小板数量因素的探讨

目的：探讨手工制备浓缩血小板的影响因素,提高手工浓缩血小板的质量。方法：2008年1～12月随机选择献血者且献血前72h内未服用过阿司匹林类药物,采集顺畅;采用两种形状的血袋及两种规格的血液,通过不同的离心条件及同一分离手法制备手工浓缩血小板。结果：按＂白膜法1＂制备浓缩血小板收集效果好;400ml全血制备浓缩血小板含量高。结论：手工制备浓缩血小板的数量除献血者本身因素外,离心条件、血液规格及血袋的形状对收集血小板均有影响。     

白膜法汇集浓缩血小板的研究进展

手工分离制备浓缩血小板有富含血小板血浆法（PRP法）和白膜法（BC法）2种。BC法制备的血小板被欧洲许多国家广泛应用，其优点在于：白细胞含量少、血小板膜表面CD62p的表达率及糖分解率显著降低、pH保持恒定等。目前，白膜法汇集浓缩血小板的辐照、过滤、洗涤、病毒灭活、冰冻保存已成为输血界研究的焦点。血小板膜微粒衍生物的制备研究也已初见成效。     

新白膜法与富浆法制备浓缩血小板的质量比较

目的分析新白膜法与富浆法制备浓缩血小板的质量差异。方法将采集的40袋400ml全血随机分为两组:新白膜法制备组和富浆法制备组,对分离出的浓缩血小板进行红细胞混入量、p H值、血小板计数检测比较。结果新白膜法制备组血小板计数显著高于富浆法制备组,二者存在统计学显著性差异(P0.05),两种制备方法的红细胞混入量及p H值无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论新白膜法分离出的浓缩血小板质量优于富浆法分离出的浓缩血小板。     

改良白膜法制备汇集浓缩血小板的临床应用

目的本研究旨在改进手工制备浓缩血小板方法,提高血小板制备质量。方法在白膜法的基础上,延长血小板解聚时间,汇集多人份白膜层,第2次离心时采用二元无聚梯度离心原理,收集血小板。结果7份按本法制备的汇集浓缩血小板（10U／袋）,其血小板计数、血小板回收率及白细胞、红细胞混入量、容量分别为（2．90±0．32）×10^11、（66±4）％、（4．2±1．9）×10^8／袋、（7．2±2．3）×10^9／袋、250～300ml。结论本法制备的手工血小板回收率较高,质量指标全部超过全血和成分血国家质量标准,适宜血站推广应用。     

机制和手工制混合浓缩血小板的质量比较

目的观察采用白膜法制备的血液成分分离机制备混合浓缩血小板与手工制混合浓缩血小板的质量差异。方法取72袋无偿献血者捐献的400ml全血,随机分为机制组和手工组,分离制备混合浓缩血小板。对两组混合浓缩血小板的容量、红细胞的混入量和血小板的产量进行监测。结果机制组和手工制备的混合浓缩血小板的容量（ml）分别为270±6.5和289±10.4,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;机制组和手工组血小板的含量（×1010个/袋）分别为5.4±0.2和4.3±2.91,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论血液成分分离机制备血液便于质量控制;同时可显著提高混合浓缩血小板的收集率,产品容量浮动小,易达到国家要求。     

白膜回浆法和富血小板血浆法制备浓缩血小板的比较

<正> 输注血小板对白血病、DIC等疾病引起的出血有肯定的治疗作用。血小板浓缩液(PC)中血小板的数量和质量对于临床输注效果十分重要。传统上,由全血制备用于临床输注血小板的方法为富血小板血浆法(PRP-PC法);近年来欧洲以及国内一些单位采用了白膜回浆法(BC-PC法)。本文对这两种方法进行比较。     

WBC-reduced platelet concentrates from pooled buffy coats in additive solution: an evaluation of in vitro and in vivo measures

BACKGROUND: The use of a platelet additive solution (PAS-II, Baxter) may have benefits over plasma for storage of platelets. It was the aim of this study to develop a method to produce WBC-reduced platelet concentrates (PCs) in PAS-II with >240 x 10(9) platelets and <1 x 10(6) WBCs per unit, which can be stored for 5 days at pH >6.8 and that will give sufficient platelet increments after transfusion: a 1-hour CCI of >7.5 and a 20-hour CCI of >2.5. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PCs were made from five pooled buffy coats and 250 g of PAS-II. After centrifugation the PCs were WBC-reduced with a filter (Autostop BC, Pall Biomedical) and stored in a 1000-mL polyolefin container. CCIs were assessed in stable hemato-oncologic patients after 5-day old PCs were transfused. RESULTS: Routinely produced PCs contained a median of 310 x 10(9) platelets (n = 5,363) with 3.5 percent containing <240 x 10(9) platelets, in a median volume of 320 mL (n = 11,834). The median number of WBCs was <0.03 x 10(6) (n = 694). The WBC count exceeded 1 x 10(6) in three PCs, but it was always <5 x 10(6), giving 99-percent confidence that more than 99.5 percent of the units will contain <1 x 10(6) WBCs. The pH remained >6.8 on Day 8, provided the concentration was below 1.1 x 10(9) platelets per mL (n = 32). After 28 transfusions in 28 patients, the 1-hour CCI was 12.6 +/- 4.3 (mean +/- SD, with 2/28 CCIs <7.5) and the 20-hour CCI was 8.9 +/- 5.6 (with 4/28 CCIs <2.5). Limitations of this study include the absence of a control group of patients receiving platelets stored in plasma and of in vivo radiolabeled survival studies, but a comparison of these data with previously published data suggested that the in vivo survival of platelets stored in PAS-II is less than that of platelets stored in plasma. CONCLUSION: The WBC-reduced PCs conformed to specifications. These WBC-reduced PCs could be stored at least 5 days with maintenance of pH, and they gave sufficient increments after transfusion to patients.     

医用电解质溶液作添加液制备汇集少白细胞血小板

目的采用医用电解质溶液作添加液(PAS),建立1种白膜法制备添加液汇集少白细胞血小板(PAS汇集BC-PCs)的方法。方法从400ml全血中分离白膜层,容量35—40ml,放(22±2)℃静置过夜,将ABO同型的6袋白膜汇集,加220g添加液(90%复方电解质注射液、8%ACD-A血液保养液和2%含量为50g/L的碳酸氢钠注射液的混合液)稀释白膜,汇集后的白膜在(22±2)℃中,以300×g离心10min,将上层的富含血小板悬液再经白细胞滤除器过滤去除白细胞,并转移到血小板保存袋内,即制备成1个成人治疗量的PAS汇集BC-PCs,制备过程在一个特制的密闭系统内完成。结果共制备30个成人治疗量的PAS汇集BC-PCs,其容量为(270±32)ml、血小板含量为(2.96±0.31)×1011、WBC混入量为(1.3±0.2)×106、RBC混入量为(5.8±1.1)×109、CD62P表达率为(22.5±10.6)%。保存8d后的pH为7.14±0.04、低渗休克反应率(HSR)为(54.0±8.2)%、CD62P表达率为(45.7±13.8)%。结论由复方电解质注射液、ACD-A保养液和碳酸氢钠注射液的混合液为添加液汇集血小板的方法可行。     

Donor platelet and leukocyte count as predictive factors of the quality of platelet concentrates obtained from whole blood by semiautomated fractionation

Platelet concentrates (PCs) obtained from whole blood are produced by fractionation of the buffy coat (BC) or the platelet-rich plasma. Despite the improvements in the technologies used for the hemocomponent fractionation, the proportion of PCs that do not accomplish the quality requirements is high. This study aimed to determine whether the basal platelet and leukocyte counts are predictive factors of the quality of the PCs obtained from BC by semiautomated fractionation. Quality control registers of 196 PCs were analyzed. Gender- and age-dependence of the blood cell count and the characteristics of PCs were evaluated. Platelet yield and residual leukocytes in the PCs were correlated with the platelet and leukocyte counts and the age of the donors. Predictive efficacy was assessed, and an optimal cut-off was established. The proportions of PCs accepted and rejected by using or not the optimal cut-off were compared. 50.0% of the PCs accomplished all the quality control requirements. Female donors had a higher basal platelet count than males. A correlation was observed between basal platelets and platelet yield, but not between basal leukocytes and residual leukocytes. The basal platelet count predicted the quality of the PCs. A cut-off of 231,000 platelets/mm³ was established, but it did not improve the proportion of accepted PCs. In conclusion, we found that the basal platelet count is correlated with the platelet yield. The basal leukocyte count is not correlated with the residual leukocytes. The established cut-off for the basal platelet count did not improve the proportion of accepted PCs.     

In-process cell counts during preparation of platelet concentrates from buffy coats

To ensure the quality of platelet concentrates (PCs), we studied in-process recoveries of blood cell counts in pooled PCs derived from four or five buffy coats (BCs) from Biopack Compoflex Systems in Bern (PC-BC/4 or PC-BC/5) and from five BCs from Optipac (Baxter) in Zurich (PC-BC/5). BCs were pooled employing a sterile connecting device and flushing them with 300 mL of platelet additive solution. The pools were centrifuged for 12 min at 500 g at 20 degrees C and filtered with PALL's Auto-Stop BC-leukocyte removal filter. Automated platelet counting was performed on whole blood donation, on single BC, on pooled BC and in the final product. Four out of 10 PC-BC/4 (= 40%) and 29 out of 30 PC-BC/5 (= 97%) had a total platelet count of > 200 x 10(9) platelets. Average percentage recoveries in PC compared to the pre-centrifugation BC pools were similar with the Biopack Compoflex and the Optipac systems, 62% and 57% respectively, whereby the absolute platelet count per one donation was similar, i.e. 49.5 x 10(9), 55 x 10(9) and 53 x 10(9) in PC-BC/4 and PC-BC/5 from Bern and PC-BC/5 from Zurich. There was a significant positive correlation between the inital number of BCs taken for pooling and the final platelet counts in the PCs. In order to recover a minimal platelet content of 200 x 10(9) platelets per pooled unit, it is safer to start out with five rather than with four donations unless recoveries during the production steps can be improved.     

Effect of holding buffy coats 4 or 18 hours before preparing pooled filtered PLT concentrates in plasma

BACKGROUND: Filtered PLT concentrates (PCs) were prepared in plasma pooling three (for children) or six buffy coats (BCs; for adults) after holding them a maximum of 4 hours (blood bags collected in the afternoon) or 18 hours (blood bags collected in the morning). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: With flow cytometry, PCs prepared after holding BCs 4 or 18 hours were compared. BCs removed from whole-blood donations in quadruple bag packs ("top-top") were held 4 or 18 hours before pooling them with a sterile connecting device. After the BCs were centrifuged, the supernatant was transferred through a BC filter (Autostop, Pall Medical) to a CLX bag. Samples for analysis were collected from the whole-blood bag, BCs, and PCs immediately after preparation and after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of storage on a flat-bed agitator at 22 +/- 2 degrees C. The main PLT membrane glycoproteins (GPs, IIb-IIIa, IV, and Ibalpha), some of their ligands (fibrinogen, fibronectin, and VWF), activation-dependent antigens (CD62P and CD63), and procoagulant activity markers (annexin V and bound coagulation FV-Va) have been studied. RESULTS: In the 12 PCs (six pools of 3 units each group) studied, a minor increase in activation markers during preparation was observed. During the storage, a significant increase in the expression of GPIIb-IIIa, CD62P, CD63, annexin V, and FVa was measured. After 5 days of storage, only the percentage of PLTs with bound fibrinogen was significantly greater in PCs prepared after holding BCs for 4 hours. CONCLUSION: In PCs prepared after holding BCs 4 or 18 hours before pooling and filtering, only a minor significant difference in the percentage of PLTs with bound fibrinogen was found after 5 days of storage. This difference is probably of little, if any, transfusional significance.     

全血手工制备浓缩血小板后的血浆再制备冷沉淀的质量评价

目的评价室温新鲜全血白膜法制备浓缩血小板后的血浆再制备冷沉淀的质量。方法实验组为24例,新鲜全血(400 mL)置室温于<8 h用白膜法制备浓缩血小板后所得的血浆,冰冻保存。对照组1为12例,常规制备新鲜冰冻血浆,冰冻保存。对照组2为12例,新鲜冰冻单采血浆,血浆单采完毕分装为200 mL/袋并立即冰冻保存。3组血浆按常规制备冷沉淀,评价其质量:外观、凝血因子FⅧ及Fib的含量;血细胞残留量。结果 3组冷沉淀外观均正常;WBC含量在3组间无统计学意义。与对照组1比较:实验组凝血因子FⅧ(81.76±34.07)IU较低,Fib(202.63±48.58)mg及Plt(7.81±5.81)×109均较高。与对照组2比较:实验组凝血因子FⅧ含量相当,Fib(202.63±48.58)mg较高、Plt(7.81±5.81)×109较低。结论全血来源的制备浓缩血小板后的冰冻血浆还可以用于冷沉淀的制备,其质量符合国家标准。     

Influence of a 12-hour, 22 degrees C holding period for buffy coats on the preparation of platelet concentrates stored in plasma

BACKGROUND: The preparation of platelet concentrates (PCs) from buffy coats (BCs) stored at room temperature is controversial, because of the strong metabolic activity of cells in BCs and the possible detrimental effect of neutrophil enzymes on platelets when the holding time before separation is prolonged. Despite good in vitro and in vivo behavior of BC-PCs stored in synthetic solution, little is known of the quality of BC-PCs stored in plasma. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Comparison was made of PCs prepared from BCs held at 22 degrees C for 3 hours (3-hour BC- PCs) or overnight (12-hour BC-PCs) and stored in plasma. Platelet and white cell counts, pH, response to osmotic shock, and morphologic scores were determined on 20 PCs of each type. The decrease in dense granule and alpha granule content, a marker of platelet activation, were estimated by mepacrine counting and beta-thromboglobulin measurement, respectively (n = 8–10). Platelet function was studied in terms of aggregation and thromboxane production in response to various concentrations of collagen and thrombin (n = 8–17). PCs prepared from unstored BCs (n = 15) and from BCs held for 90 minutes (n = 15) were used as controls. RESULTS: Platelet yield was increased from 53 +/? 10 percent of donated platelets to 73 +/? 4 percent by increasing the BC holding time from 0 to 90 minutes to 3 hours (p < 0.001). Similar yields (7.8 +/? 1.8 vs. 7.9 +/? 2 × 10(10) platelets) and white cell contamination (0.9 +/? 0.8 vs. 1.0 +/? 0.9 × 10(7)) were obtained with 3-hour and 12-hour BC-PCs. At the end of the storage period (Day 5), all variables known to correlate with platelet survival in vivo were well maintained in both 3-hour and 12-hour BC-PCs: pH > or = 6.9, response to osmotic shock > or = 70 percent, and morphology scores always > or = 240. During storage, the dense granule content decreased moderately (30% after 5 days), whatever the conditions. By contrast, the total platelet beta-thromboglobulin content was better preserved in 12-hour BC-PCs than in 3-hour BC-PCs (p < 0.04). No significant differences were observed in collagen-induced aggregation and thromboxane production in the two PC preparations. However, aggregation responses to thrombin were higher in 12-hour BC-PCs on Day 5 of storage (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: BCs can be held at 22 degrees C for up to 12 hours, with no detrimental effect on the quality of PCs stored for up to 5 days in plasma. Such a holding time might help overcome logistic problems in blood banks     

Isolation of monocytes from whole blood-derived buffy coats by continuous counter-flow elutriation

Monocytes (MOs) are the most commonly used precursors for the generation of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Continuous counter-flow elutriation represents a promising tool to isolate MOs from white blood cell (WBC) products. Thirty whole blood-derived, AB0-identical buffy coats (BCs) were pooled using sterile technique (n = 5 experiments). For red blood cell (RBC) and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) depletion, the BC pools were processed in a Cobe Spectra device (Gambro BCT) using the bone marrow program. Subsequently, continuous counter-flow elutriation in an Elutra device (Gambro BCT) was performed to enrich and purify MOs. BC pool volume averaged 1,260 +/- 14 ml containing 7.7 +/- 1.1 x 10(9) MOs. During 107 +/- 7 min, Cobe Spectra operation, the BC pools were processed for several times, and approximately 9,749 +/- 605 ml volume passed the device. Product volume and MO yield averaged 160 +/- 16 ml, and 4.3 +/- 1.3 x 10(9) cells, respectively. Elutra operation was performed within 59 +/- 0 min and yielded 2.5 +/- 0.9 x 10(9) MOs with a purity of 60 +/- 12%. Compared with the Cobe Spectra product cell count, MO recovery by Elutra averaged 59 +/- 10%. Elutriation of MOs from pooled BCs using Elutra exhibited comparatively low recovery and purity rates. This shortcoming may be due to the nature of the source material. Optimization of the elutriation procedure is necessary to improve MO enrichment from BCs.