改良式手术治疗先天性巨结肠31例

先天性巨结肠根治手术方法颇多,均有一定的并发症。1990年以来,我们在结肠切除、盆腔内低位直肠-结肠吻合术(Rehbin)的基础上,同时行后位内括约肌纵向切断术,治疗小儿先天性巨结肠31例,取得满意疗效。1　临床资料1.1　一般情况　本组31例,男22例,女9例;年龄2～8岁。出生后均不能自己大便,须扩肛或灌肠排便。1.2　X线钡灌肠造影检查　通过钡充盈和排泄过程,可以动态观察各段肠管的形态及蠕动功能。主要表现为:扩张段口径与狭窄段口经呈明显差异,直肠、乙状结肠远端细狭,乙状结肠近端及降结肠明显扩张;有时移行段也能清晰显影,呈漏斗状。扩张…     

先天性巨结肠经肛门根治术患儿的护理

目的总结115例先天性巨结肠患儿手术后的临床护理经验。方法针对先天性巨结肠的护理难点，制定并实施护理计划。结果治愈115例，成功率100％。结论做好术前护理，加强病情观察，做好术后护理，积极预防并发症的发生，是圆满完成此类患儿临床护理的关键。     

儿童先天性巨结肠类缘病与先天性巨结肠的影像鉴别

目的 对先天性巨结肠类缘病(Hirschsprung alied disease,HAD)和先天性巨结肠病(Hirschsprung disease,HD)的X线影像表现进行对照研究,探讨二者的影像鉴别要点,为临床诊断提供帮助.方法 回顾性分析2004年12月至2009年12月期间经手术及病理证实为HAD病例19例,随机数字表法选取同期经证实的HD病例19例作为对照组.统计痉挛段、截断征、痉挛切迹的出现率及直肠/结肠比值(正位片上测量直肠与结肠的最宽径的比值),观察排钡1 h后残存钡剂的位置.对痉挛段、截断征、痉挛切迹出现率的比较采用x2检验或Fisher精确检验,对直肠/结肠比值的比较采用t检验.结果 HAD组痉挛段出现率为9/19,HD组为18/19,差异有统计学意义(x2=10.364,P＜0.01).HAD组截断征出现率为4/19,HD组为1/19;HAD组痉挛切迹出现率为3/19,HD组为1/19,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).HAD组和HD组的直肠/结肠比值分别为0.42±0.15和0.29±0.12,差异有统计学意义(t=2.892,P＜0.01).HAD组中,患儿排钡1 h后钡剂存留于乙状结肠远端者1例,降结肠远端者7例,横结肠远端者1例,全结肠内充满钡剂者6例,4例无残留;HD组中,存留于直肠远端者3例,乙状结肠远端者13例,存留于降结肠远端者3例.结论 HAD组患儿出现痉挛段较HD组少,前者直肠/结肠比值较后者大,有助于二者鉴别;HAD组患儿排钡后1h钡剂残留部位大多数位于降结肠远端,而HD组患儿大多数则位于乙状结肠远端,也可作为鉴别诊断的辅助指标.     

先天性巨结肠类缘病与先天性巨结肠的钡灌肠表现对照分析

目的:对照分析先天性巨结肠类缘病(HAD)与先天性巨结肠(HD)的钡灌肠(BE)表现,以提高对HAD的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的22例HAD(HAD组为研究组)的BE表现,并与22例HD(HD组为对照组)的BE表现进行对照,分析两组间痉挛段、移行段出现概率、扩张段与移行段/痉挛段之间肠壁夹角、24h后钡剂残留位置及概率的差异。结果:HAD组与HD组间移行段出现概率、扩张段与移行段/痉挛段之间肠壁夹角的差异均有统计学意义(P=0.014,P=0.000);而痉挛段出现概率、24h后钡剂残留位置的差异均无统计学意义(P=0.240,P=0.185)。结论:HAD与HD的BE表现类似;移行段较少出现、扩张段与移行段/痉挛段之间肠壁夹角较大,可能有助于HAD诊断。     

吻合器治疗小儿低位先天性巨结肠8例

我们采用吻合器治疗先天性巨结肠8例,Ⅰ期结直肠吻合。随访3～6个月,生活质量良好。现报告如下。1 资料和方法1.1 临床资料 患者8例,男6例,女2例,年龄2～12岁,平均6.2岁。常见型5例,短段型2例,超短段型1例。其中1例常见型患者已行结肠造口。切除最长肠管40cm,最短15cm。全部病例行钡灌肠检查,明确诊断,病理证实。平均住院15 d。1.2 手术方法 常规术前准备,腹腔探查后,分离直肠至齿线附近,直肠后侧较前侧要低,吻合口通常在齿线上1～1.5cm处,故距齿线2 cm切除肠管。移出标本,远端快速冰冻病理检查,证实已存在神经节细胞,否则,继续向下切除直至神经节细胞存在。分别用10号线于结肠近端和直肠断端荷包缝合,将管状吻合器(美国强生公司生产,型号SDH25或     

先天性巨结肠类缘病的X线诊断——与先天性巨结肠对照分析

目的 探讨先天性巨结肠类缘病的X线表现特征.资料与方法 回顾分析经病理证实的14例巨结肠类缘病患者的钡剂灌肠X线表现,并与先天性巨结肠进行对照分析.结果 14例X线表现多样.9例直肠、乙状结肠或降结肠有痉挛狭窄,其中2例呈跳跃性狭窄,1例直肠及整个结肠细小,近段结肠有不同程度的扩张;13例未见移行段;24 h复查13例结肠内有大量钡剂残留;12例结肠有较多痉挛切迹;3例整个结肠张力高呈"腊肠样",不扩张或稍扩张.巨结肠类缘病的X线征象与巨结肠比较移行段、痉挛段肠管不规则收缩的P值＜0.05,24 h钡剂残留情况及痉挛狭窄段P值＞0.05.结论 钡剂灌肠有下列X线征象时应警惕有巨结肠类缘病:(1)痉挛段长且有较多痉挛切迹,痉挛段与扩张段之间没有移行段;(2)结肠张力高,形态僵直如"腊肠样";(3)"跳跃型"和"全结肠型"痉挛狭窄.     

小儿先天性巨结肠围手术期的护理探讨

先天性巨结肠(Congenital megacolon,Hirschsprung disease．简称HD)是小儿先天性消化道畸形，主要病变为结肠末端肠壁肌问神经结缺如或发育不全，致该部肠管呈顽固性痉挛，从而引起慢性肠梗阻，近侧结肠因长期受阻，肠壁肥厚而扩张。新生儿有胎粪排出延迟、反复便秘、腹胀、进行性营养不良，X线钡灌肠有典型征象：病变痉挛段、移行区、巨     

婴儿先天性巨结肠X线诊断

目的：探讨婴儿先天性巨结肠的Ｘ线特征及其检查方法。材料和方法：经手术及病理证实的１７例婴儿先天性巨结肠的Ｘ线表现与手术结果对照。结果：婴儿先天性巨结肠好发于直肠及乙状结肠的交界处。最典型的Ｘ线表现为狭窄、移行、扩张段并２４小时后均有不同程度的钡潴留。婴儿期先天性巨结肠的检查方法具有一定的特殊性。结论：Ｘ线检查是诊断婴儿先天性巨结肠的重要方法,绝大多数病例具有典型的表现。     

成神经细胞瘤51例X线分析

The X-ray findings in 51 cases of neuroblastoma were analysed. The aim of plain film of abdomen is to search for fine sandy calcifications in the abdominal mass, paravertebral widening at lower thoracic region, and bone metastases. Displacement and deformity of kidney by extrinsic pressure seen in IVU are useful in differentiating an extrarenal tumor from intrarenal one. Ultrasound and CT are superior to IVU in localization diagnosis and defining the extent of abdominal neuroblastoma. Thoracic neuroblastoma usually manifests as a posterior mediastinal tumor associated with rib changes and the chest film remains valuable in diagnosis of this condition. It is mandatory to screen the patient for skeletal metastases radiographically and to investigate the bone marrow, and urine VMA whenever abnormalities are found in abdominal or thoracic imaging. The significance of combined imaging techniques in staging of neuroblastoma was discussed, and a simple diagnostic approach was proposed.     

51例连枷胸院前救治分析

目的探讨连枷胸患者伤情特点及院前救治策略。方法收集北京急救中心2008年1月～2010年12月收治的51例连枷胸患者资料,分组并进行分析。结果 51例中男性33例,女性18例。交通伤20例(39.2%),坠落伤9例(17.7%),工伤9例(17.7%),其他13例(25.4%)。院前紧急情况下给予徒手固定胸壁+气囊面罩正压通气较为理想,转运途中给予胸部外固定+机械正压通气为最佳急救方式,两种方式使得伤者血压、血氧饱和度、心律、呼吸及预后与单纯包扎固定比较,有统计学差异(P0.01)。结论院前对连枷胸需紧急救治,且根据不同的时段选择相应的急救措施,为后期救治创造有利条件。     

Failure patterns of nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors: radiographic analysis of 51 cases

A retrospective analysis was performed of 51 consecutive cases of treatment failure (tumor recurrence) of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Twelve patients with clinical stage I disease relapsed after lymph node dissection; 39 with stage II or III disease relapsed after chemotherapy. Routine follow-up consisted of monthly chest radiography and determination of serum tumor marker levels (alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin), as well as abdominal computed tomography every 6 months. The median recurrence interval was 3 months; 96% of the relapses occurred within 2 years. In 61% of patients, recurrence was in the initial disease site only, in 26% it was in both new and initial sites, and in 13% it was in new sites only. At the time of treatment failure, 47 (92%) of the patients had positive radiologic studies and 44 (86%) had positive serum marker levels. Nine (18%) had positive radiologic studies only, and four (8%) had positive serum marker levels only. The analysis demonstrated the complementary role of radiologic studies and serum tumor-marker assays in detecting treatment failure.     

小儿先天性巨结肠的X线诊断(附35例分析)

小儿先天性巨结肠在临床上并非太少见。现将我院2000—2002年经检查或手术病理证实的35例先天性巨结肠分析报告如下。     

先天性无痛觉症2例

例1女,9岁.双踝关节肿2年,左踝关节较右踝关节轻,无疼痛感.患儿自幼无痛觉,平时肌肉注射不感疼痛.双踝关节外下方肿胀,无压痛.     

先天性肝纤维化伴Caroli病临床病理分析

目的 探讨先天性肝纤维化伴Caroli病的临床病理特点.方法 收集6例先天性肝纤维化伴Caroli病患者临床资料,并通过HE染色和组织化学染色等对肝组织进行病理学观察.结果 6例先天性肝纤维化伴Caroli病患者平均年龄为7.8岁,男女比例为2∶4.临床主要表现为呕血、乏力(5/6),肝脾大(5/6).3例患者伴有门脉...     

Gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonographic manifestations of papillary thyroid carcinoma: analysis of 51 cases

The purpose of this study is to assess the specific ultrasonic characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma and to determine the relative frequency of various patterns of papillary carcinoma on gray-scale ultrasonography (US) and color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed US features in 51 patients with confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma. The features were analyzed based on tumor size, echogenicity, echotexture, boundary, margin, shape, and calcification pattern on gray-scale US imaging, and on patterns of vascularity on CDU. We obtained the relative frequency of features and classified these features into three categories: common (≥50% of lesions), less common (>10% but <50%), and uncommon (≤10%). Individual differences and combinations of features were also analyzed.

Results

In total, 67 nodules were enrolled in our study. The sizes of 76% of nodular lesions were <20.0 mm. Common US features of papillary carcinoma included: a homogeneous hypoechoic solid picture; a poorly defined boundary; an irregular margin; the absence of halo; the absence of calcifications or microcalcifications; and mixed perinodular and intranodular blood flow patterns. Less common features included: a heterogeneous hypoechoic or very hypoechoic picture; microcalcifications; a well-defined boundary; a regular margin; a halo with uneven thickness or an incomplete halo; and a taller-than-wide shape. Uncommon features included: an isoechoic picture; solid with cystic components; coarse calcifications; mixed coarse calcifications and microcalcifications; “inferno”-type blood flow; and absence of blood flow. On average, each nodule had 4.9 US features considered common, 1.8 US features considered less common, and 0.4 US feature considered uncommon. Features such as predominantly cystic composition, hyperechoic texture, and hypoechoic halo with even thickness were never found in our study. The top two common manifestations of papillary carcinoma were solid architecture and mixed perinodular and intranodular blood flow signals.

Conclusion

All lesions in our series had a predominantly solid characteristic on gray-scale US.     

胸壁结核的超声诊断(51例分析)

目的 探讨胸壁结核的超声表现及其诊断价值。方法 回顾分析经手术、穿刺病理检查证实的51例胸壁结核患者的超声表现特征。结果 本组51例胸壁结核超声表现，圆形或椭圆形实质性回声18例，且沿肋间软组织分布，其中，低回声型5例。弱而不均质回声，且内部兼有斑点状强回声13例，5例病灶周边可见点线状血流分布。病灶表现为液性暗区者33例，其中，20例肋间组织间呈现哑铃型液性暗区。与病理对照，超声正确诊断49例（96.2%），误诊2例（3.8%）。结论 胸壁结核的超声表现有其特征的改变。超声检查可反映胸壁结核病灶大小、范围、内部结构以及与周围的关系，并为临床制定治疗方案提供依据。