儿童岛叶癫痫的特点与立体定向脑电图引导下射频热凝毁损的有效性及安全性分析

目的 探讨儿童岛叶癫痫的特点和立体定向脑电图(Stereotactic-electroencephalogram,SEEG)引导射频热凝毁损技术(Radiofrequency thermocoagulation,RF-TC)在儿童药物难治性岛叶癫痫治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年5月山东大学附属儿童医院癫痫中心收治的7例经SEEG证实的岛叶癫痫患儿的临床资料,其中男3例、女4例,平均年龄(6.6±3.5)岁。所有患儿均接受Ⅰ期无创术前评估,并SEEG电极置入并进行视频脑电监测。根据SEEG结果和影像结果确定毁损触点,利用电极触点进行热凝毁损。分别于术后3、6、12、18个月对患儿进行门诊复查或电话随访。采用Engel分级标准评估临床疗效,同时记录并发症情况。结果 6例(6/7)以夜间癫痫发作为主,4例(4/7)表现为过度运动或复杂运动发作;3例(3/7)表现为局灶性强直发作;仅1例患儿有先兆。7例患儿头皮脑电图间期均提示与手术侧别一致:6例为围外侧裂区分布,1例局限于颞区。4例磁共振成像阴性,2例灰白质交界不清;1例岛叶皮质增厚。7例患儿完成了电极置入...     

立体定向脑电图在MRI阴性难治性癫痫中的应用价值

目的 探讨立体定向脑电图(SEEG)在治疗MRI阴性难治性癫痫患者术前评估的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析解放军第九八八中心医院神经外科2018年1月—9月收治的7例MRI阴性,在SEEG指导下手术切除致痫灶患者的临床资料;采用Engel分级评估术后癫痫控制效果。结果 7例患者共植入63根SEEG电极,平均每例患者植入9根电极,触点数共548个;植入顺利,未出现电极折断或移位、感染、脑脊液漏等并发症;所有患者均接受可疑致痫灶射频热凝术及随后的致痫灶切除术。术后随访12～18个月,患者的发作频率平均减少92. 8%(P=0. 00),其中5例患者(71. 4%)发作控制达EngelⅠ级,2例(28. 6%)患者发作控制达EngelⅡ级。结论 SEEG监测范围广,可以准确定位MRI阴性癫痫的发作起始;在MRI阴性癫痫患者术前评估中安全可行,可以有效指引手术切除致痫区,控制癫痫发作。     

SEEG引导下RF-TC治疗脑室旁灰质移位症所致药物难治性癫痫（附2例报道并文献复习）

目的 探讨立体定向脑电图（SEEG）引导下射频热凝毁损术（RF-TC）治疗脑室旁灰质移位症（GMH）所致药物难治性癫痫的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2例脑室旁GMH所致药物难治性癫痫的临床资料，并结合相关文献进行分析。结果 术前根据临床表现、影像学特表现以及脑电图诊断为脑室旁GMH所致药物难治性癫痫，行机器人辅助SEEG记录精确定位致痫区及传导途径，并在SEEG引导下行RF-TC治疗。所有电极偏差在3 mm误差范围以内，术后未发生手术相关并发症，无神经系统相关并发症。术后随访1年，1例癫痫完全控制，1例癫痫发作频率减少80%。结论 脑室旁GMH是导致药物难治性癫痫的原因之一，SEEG引导下RF-TC治疗的效果良好，是一种安全的、有效的治疗方式。     

利用自动病变检测规划立体定向脑电图:可行性回顾性研究

本回顾性横断面研究评估了将深度学习的难治性癫痫患儿的结构性磁共振成像(MRI)纳入到规划立体定向脑电图(SEEG)植入的可行性和潜在益处。本研究旨在评估自动病变检测与SEEG检测出癫痫发作起始区(SOZ)之间的共定位程度。将神经网络分类器应用于基于皮层MRI数据的三个队列:(1)对34例局灶性皮质发育不良(FCD)患者的神经网络进行学习、训练和交叉验证;(2)对20名健康儿童对照者进行特异性评估;(3)对34例患儿纳入SEEG植入计划的可行性进行了评价。SEEG电极触点的坐标与分类器预测的病变进行核验。临床神经生理学家鉴定癫痫发作起源和易激惹区的SEEG电极触点位置。若SOZ坐标点和分类器预测的病变之间的距离10 mm则被认为是共定位的。影像学诊断病灶的分类敏感度为74%(25/34)。对照组中未检测到异常(特异性=100%)。在34例SEEG植入患者中,21例有局灶性皮层SOZ,其中8例经病理证实为FCD。分类器正确地检测了这8例FCD患者中的7例(86%)。组织病理学存在异质性的局灶性皮层病变患者中,62%的患者分类器输出结果与SOZ之间存在共定位。3例患者中,电临床提示为局灶性癫痫,SEEG上无SOZ定位点,但在这些患者中,分类器识别了尚未植入的额外异常点。自动病变检测与SEEG之间的共定位存在高度的一致性。我们已经建立了一个框架,将基于深度学习的MRI自动病变检测纳入到SEEG植入计划。我们的发现支持了对自动MRI分析的前瞻性评估,以规划最佳电极植入轨迹方案。     

SEEG引导下手术治疗药物难治性癫痫的安全性及有效性

目的 探讨立体定向脑电图（SEEG）引导下手术治疗药物难治性癫痫（DRE）的安全性及有效性。方法 回顾性分析2018年8月至2020年8月SEEG引导下手术治疗的34例DRE的临床资料。SEEG引导下射频热凝损毁术（RF-TC）治疗28例,RF-TC无效而行致痫区切除术11例,SEEG引导下行致痫区切除术6例。34例术后随访14.0~39.3个月,平均（25.2±7.9）个月。结果 28例在SEEG引导下进行RF-TC,术中未出现不适,术后未出现颅内出血,术后4例出现功能障碍;单纯行SEEG引导下RF-TC治疗17例中,癫痫发作完全缓解11例,有效3例,无效3例。11例RF-TC后行致痫区切除术后,3例出现功能障碍,1例出现过敏性休克;术后8例无癫痫发作,2例调整药物后未再出现癫痫发作,1例术后癫痫发作减少60%~70%。6例SEEG引导下直接行致痫区切除术,术后出现功能障碍2例;术后5例无癫痫发作,1例调整抗癫痫药物后未再出现癫痫发作。结论 SEEG引导下RTFC治疗DRE是一种相对安全、有效的方法;致痫区广泛或RF-TC无效的DRE病人,可在SEEG引导下行致痫区切除术。     

小儿难治性癫痫的手术治疗及病理结果分析

目的 探讨小儿药物难治性癫痫的外科治疗时机及病理结果与疗效的关系.方法 对71例小儿难治性癫痫进行手术治疗,术后至少随访1年,根据Engel预后分级评估手术效果.结果 术后随访的难治性癫痫患儿中,无癫痫发作(Engel Ⅰ级)的45例(63％),其中全切除32例,次全切除13例,仍有癫痫发作(EngelⅡ～Ⅳ级)的26例(37％),效果与致痫灶切除程度密切相关(P＜0.05).病理结果:局灶性脑皮质发育不良31例,低级别肿瘤18例,瘢痕脑回13例,小脑回畸形6例,结节性硬化3例,其中双重病理9例.无手术死亡和永久性并发症.结论 早期外科手术对小儿难治性癫痫是一种安全有效的治疗方式,其病理类型与手术结果存在一定相关性.     

颞叶癫痫的致痫灶定位评估和外科治疗：附27例报告

目的 探讨颞叶癫痫的致痫灶定位评估手段和外科治疗的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性 分析27 例2016 年8 月至2018 年11 月在深圳市第二人民医院和深圳大学总医院开展难治性颞叶癫痫患 者的临床资料。致痫灶评估检查包括：详尽的发作症状学,癫痫序列颅脑MRI,发作间期正电子发射断 层扫描（PET）,长程视频脑电图监测,癫痫神经心理评估资料和立体定向脑电图监测（SEEG）,多学科团 队讨论完成致痫灶和功能区定位后完成外科手术。结果 13例患者经Ⅰ期评估后直接行手术切除,14 例 经SEEG 置入后手术切除。所有患者随访时间为6～34 个月,平均为（19.93±9.00）个月。手术疗效采用 ILAE 分级标准,ILAE Ⅰ级22 例（81.48%）,ILAE Ⅱ级1 例（3.70%）,ILAE Ⅲ级2 例（7.41%）,ILAE Ⅳ级2 例 （7.41%）;SEEG 置入组的ILAE Ⅰ级比例（12/14）高于无SEEG 置入组（10/13）,MRI 阳性组的ILAE Ⅰ级比 例（16/19）高于MRI阴性组（6/8）,但两组比较差异无统计学意义。1例行SEEG置入术后颅内出血,1 例前颞 叶切除术后出现迟发性颅内血肿,2例患者出现一过性动眼神经热损伤,1例头皮切口愈合不良,4 例术后 颅内感染,无脑脊液漏,无视野缺损等并发症。结论 外科手术治疗难治性颞叶癫痫是安全有效的,详 尽的术前致痫灶定位评估和SEEG 置入可以提高手术疗效。     

立体定向脑电图引导下射频热凝毁损术治疗药物难治性癫痫

目的探讨立体定向脑电图(SEEG)引导下射频热凝毁损术治疗药物难治性癫痫的效果。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2016年7月收治的33例药物难治性癫痫的临床资料,对视频脑电图、MRI、脑磁图和PET检查仍不能明确致痫区的病例进行SEEG记录以更好地确定致痫灶。所有病人均采用SEEG引导下射频热凝毁损术治疗,射频毁损靶点为SEEG监测下的癫痫起始区或癫痫网络中频繁放电的电极位点。结果 SEEG记录显示,33例中,5例为单电极起始(同一电极的1~3个触点),15例为单脑区/部位起始(多根电极起始,但局限于同一脑区或病灶部位),6例为相邻多脑区起始,7例为不同脑区的多部位弥漫起始区。每例病人射频毁损1~11个靶点,手术期间未观察到严重不良反应。术后随访6~15个月,4例癫痫发作停止,3例发作减少80%以上,10例减少50%~79%;8例减少10%~49%;8例较术前无明显缓解。结论 SEEG引导下射频热凝毁损术是药物难治性癫痫安全有效的治疗方法。     

局灶性皮质发育不良合并难治性癫痫患者头部MRI融合PET-CT进行术前评估的价值

目的探讨颅脑PET-MRI融合图像在表现为局灶性皮质发育不良(focal cortical dysplasia,FCD)的应用价值,并总结患者治疗后的预后,为广大癫痫患者寻求一个更合理的诊治方案。方法回顾性分析2017年1月～2018年8月我院神经内外科、儿科收治的23例表现为难治性癫痫的FCD患者临床表现、影像学特点、视频脑电图特点以及手术疗效。结果表现为难治性癫痫的FCD患者的发作类型多种多样,但以局灶性发作继发全面性发作为主;病灶多见于颞叶15例、额叶6例、顶叶2例; 20例患者癫痫序列MRI及视频脑电发现病灶,3例患者行癫痫序列磁共振及视频脑电未能确定明确的致痫灶,完善PET-MRI融合成像发现致痫灶,病变部位主要在额叶,因此对于头部MRI阴性的患者,则主要通过PET-MRI发现病灶;视频脑电图(EEG)痫样放电部位与PET-MRI融合成像发现的病灶部位有较高一致性,且放电及发作形式对于FCD分型没有明显的相关性; 23例患者术后癫痫发作次数明显减少,有的未再发作。结论表现为难治性癫痫的FCD患者可通过PET-MRI融合成像结合视频脑电脑电进行术前评估,找准致痫灶,手术切除癫痫灶的治疗可取得良好的预后。     

结节性硬化症患儿癫痫预后的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响结节性硬化症(TSC)患儿进展为难治性癫痫的危险因素。方法根据近1年内有无癫痫发作及药物控制情况,将83例合并癫痫的TSC患儿分为难治性癫痫组和癫痫控制组,比较两组患儿的临床资料、脑电图(EEG)和头颅MRI检查差异,并通过多因素Logistics回归分析确定影响难治性癫痫进展的独立危险因素。结果与癫痫控制组患儿相比,难治性癫痫组患儿中,癫痫首次发作年龄<2岁、新生儿癫痫、智商评分<70、婴儿痉挛史、合并林-戈综合征、自闭症、癫痫持续状态、使用抗癫痫药物≥3种的患儿显著升高。而难治性癫痫组患儿的EEG呈全面型的患儿比例显著高于癫痫控制组,磁共振(MRI)显示皮质结节≥3个的患儿比例也显著高于癫痫控制组(P<0.001)。多因素Logistics回归分析显示癫痫首次发作年龄<2岁(OR=1.243,95%CI:1.114~1.672,P=0.036)、合并自闭症(OR=3.892,95%CI:1.241~9.351,P=0.008)和大脑皮质结节≥3个(OR=1.905,95%CI:1.101~3.288,P=0.021)是影响难治性癫痫的独立危险因素。结论癫痫首发年龄小于2岁、合并自闭症和脑皮质结节数目超过3个是影响TSC患儿难治性癫痫进展的独立危险因素,对于此类TSC患儿应早期采取干预措施以预防或延缓难治性癫痫的进展。     

What is needed for resective epilepsy surgery from a neurosurgical point of view?

Invasive versus non-invasive epileptogenic zone definition was analyzed in a series of 89 patients operated on for drug-resistant epilepsy. In the group of 69 cortical resections, 26% needed invasive recordings, 13.5% when foreign-tissue lesions had been detected by MRI and 32% when were absent. In this last group temporal resections had invasive EEG recordings in 23.5% versus 54.5% when the epileptogenic zone was extratemporal. In a group of 43 temporal resections with more than one year follow-up MRI has detected some abnormality in 84%. Excluding focal lesions, MRI detected hippocampal/temporal lobe atrophy in 66% of the cases in agreement with other noninvasive tests and in 4% contralateral to the epileptogenic zone located by subdural strips. The outcome analysis showed that 85% of the patients with MRI-EEG agreement were seizure free in contrast to only 43% when MRI was non-lateralizing. Future studies has to be oriented to better understand the epileptic process of patients without MRI abnormalities.     

Gelastic epilepsy: symptomatic and cryptogenic cases

PURPOSE: To describe the etiology, characteristics, and clinical evolution of epilepsy in patients with gelastic seizures (GSs). METHODS: Nine patients whose seizures were characterized by typical laughing attacks were observed between 1986 and 1997. Patients were selected based on electroencephalogram (EEG) or video-EEG recordings of at least one GS and on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. RESULTS: Five patients were affected by symptomatic localization-related epilepsy (LRE), with four of the patients' disorders related to a hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) and one to tuberous sclerosis (TS) without evident hypothalamic lesions. In four patients (the cryptogenic cases) MRI was negative also in these cases, clinical and EEG data suggested a focal origin of the seizures. The epileptic syndrome in the HH cases was usually drug-resistant, and was surgically treated in two of the patients. The patient with TS became seizure free with vigabatrin. In the cryptogenic cases, the ictal, clinical, and EEG semiology were similar to the symptomatic cases: the clinical evolution was variable, with patients having transient drug resistance or partial response to treatment. No cognitive defects were observed in the cryptogenic patients. None of the nine patients had precocious puberty. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the frequent finding of HHs in GSs and further underline how GSs may also be observed in patients without MRI lesions and with normal neurologic status. In these patients, clinical and EEG seizure semiology is similar to symptomatic cases, but the clinical evolution is usually more benign.     

DNM1基因变异致早发性婴儿癫痫性脑病31型三例并文献复习

目的探讨DNM1基因变异导致早发性婴儿癫痫性脑病的临床、基因和预后特征。方法三例经基因检测证实为DNM1基因新发变异的患儿,回顾性分析其临床和基因表型以及预后,并在国内外数据库以“Dynamin-1”或“DNM1”检索相应文献,利用单因素方差方法分析临床和癫痫发作表型、抗癫痫药物疗效与基因变异位点结构域相关性。结果女1例,男2例;癫痫发病年龄2~17月龄,癫痫发作表型:2例为癫痫性痉挛发作,1例为局灶性一侧肢体阵挛或继发强直阵挛发作。基因检测结果显示3例患儿DNM1基因存在新发错义变异,2例为NM_004408.4:c.415 G>A(P.Gly 139Arg),1例为NM_004408.4:c.545 C>A(P.Ala 182Asp),随访至2~3岁时,均为肌张力低下、严重智力障碍、无行走能力和主动语言、耐药性癫痫、不能自主进食和不会咀嚼固体食物。经文献检索,至今国内外报道DNM1基因相关脑病36例,包括本组病例共计39例,肌张力低下与基因变异位点区域无关,GTPase酶结构域和中间区域变异存在严重或显著智力发育障碍。对31例诊断癫痫并且临床资料完整患儿进一步分析发现,癫痫性痉挛发作是常见的癫痫发作形式,变异位点位于GTPase酶结构域和中间区域的两组病例,失神发作在GTPase酶结构域更常见(P=0.02),而在性别、起病年龄、其他癫痫发作形式和药物治疗反应上均无统计学差异。结论肌张力低下、严重智力和运动障碍及早发型癫痫是DNM1相关脑病的主要表现,癫痫性痉挛发作是最常见的发作形式,除失神发作外,GTPase酶结构域和中间区域变异的临床和癫痫表型无明显区别,本组病例尚合并进食障碍。     

Changes in local and network brain activity after stereotactic thermocoagulation in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy

Objective

Stereoelectroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SEEG-guided RF-TC) aims to reduce seizure frequency by modifying epileptogenic networks through local thermocoagulative lesions. Although RF-TC is hypothesized to functionally modify brain networks, reports of changes in functional connectivity (FC) following the procedure are missing. We evaluated, by means of SEEG recordings, whether variation in brain activity after RF-TC is related to clinical outcome.

Methods

Interictal SEEG recordings from 33 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) were analyzed. Therapeutic response was defined as a >50% reduction in seizure frequency for at least 1 month following RF-TC. Local (power spectral density [PSD]) and FC changes were evaluated in 3-min segments recorded shortly before (baseline), shortly after, and 15 min after RF-TC. The PSD and FC strength values after thermocoagulation were compared with baseline as well as between the responder and nonresponder groups.

Results

In responders, we found a significant reduction in PSD after RF-TC in channels that were thermocoagulated for all frequency bands (p = .007 for broad, delta and theta, p <.001 for alpha and beta bands). However, we did not observe such PSD decrease in nonresponders. At the network level, nonresponders displayed a significant FC increase in all frequency bands except theta (broad, delta, beta band: p <.001; alpha band: p <.01), although responders showed a significant FC decrease in delta (p <.001) and alpha bands (p <.05). Nonresponders showed stronger FC changes with respect to responders exclusively in TC channels (broad, alpha, theta, beta: p >.05; delta: p = .001).

Significance

Thermocoagulation induces both local and network-related (FC) changes in electrical brain activity of patients with DRE lasting for at least 15 min. This study demonstrates that the observed short-term modifications in brain network and local activity significantly differ between responders and nonresponders and opens new perspectives for studying the longer-lasting FC changes after RF-TC.     

100例癫痫患者脑电图与磁共振分析

目的:观察脑电图和头颅MRI在确诊癫痫及其病因诊治方面的应用,探讨痫性放电与结构异常之间的关系。方法:选100例癫痫患者,均作REEG、AEEG、头颅CT和MRI检查。比较四种检查方法的阳性率和异常病灶的分布。应用卡方检验,比较痫性放电与结构异常之间的关系。结果;REEG痫性放电35例(35%),AEEG76例(76%),比REEG多提供了41%的异常信息。CT发现颅内异常25例(25%),MRI发现异常58例(58%)。在EEG单侧局灶放电的53例中,MRI异常42例,18例双侧半球放电中,MRI异常5例,经x2检验,局灶痫性放电者MRI异常率显著高于双侧半球痫性放电者(P<0.01);MRI正常的42例患者中EEG痫性放电26例,异常率为61.9%,MRI发现结构异常的58例患者中,EEG异常放电50例,异常率为86.2%,经x2检验发现MRI结构异常患者,痫性放电出现率高(P<0.01)。结沦:AEEG是确诊癫痫、指导治疗的有利依据;MRI可作为癫痫患者病因诊断的首选影像检查。痫性放电与结构异常有一定关系。     

Surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy: clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings in 178 patients.

The surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy is increasing rapidly. The correlation of preoperative MRI, histopathological findings, and postoperative seizure control is reported for 178 patients with chronic medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy who were operated on between November 1987 and January 1993. Histopathologically there were distinct structural abnormalities in 97.2% of the surgical specimens. Signal abnormalities on MRI were present in 98.7% of patients with neoplastic lesions (n = 79), 76.6% of patients with non-neoplastic focal lesions (n = 55), and 69.2% of patients with Ammon's horn sclerosis (n = 39). Overall, structural abnormalities were detected by MRI in 82.7% of all patients. The mean postoperative follow up period was three years. Some 92% of the patients benefited from surgery: 103 patients (61.7%) were seizure free, 26 (15.5%) had no more than two seizures a year, and 24 (14.4%) showed a reduction of seizure frequency of at least 75%. Fourteen patients (8.4%) had a < 75% reduction of seizure frequency. The percentage of patients who were completely free of seizures after operation was 68.5% for patients with neoplastic lesions, 66.7% for Ammon's horn sclerosis, and 54.0% for patients with non-neoplastic focal lesions. By contrast, none of the patients in whom histopathological findings were normal became seizure free postoperatively. The data show that the presence of focal lesions or Ammon's horn sclerosis as determined by histopathological examination is associated with improved postoperative seizure control compared with patients without specific pathological findings. Brain MRI was very sensitive in detecting neoplasms; however, its sensitivity and specificity were limited with respect to non-neoplastic focal lesions and Ammon's horn sclerosis. Improvement of imaging techniques may provide a more precise definition of structural lesions in these cases and facilitate limited surgical resections of the epileptogenic area rather than standardised anatomical resections.     

Clinical presentation of neurocysticercosis-related epilepsy

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system and a major risk factor for seizures and epilepsy. Seizure types in NCC vary largely across studies and seizure semiology is poorly understood. We discuss here the studies regarding seizure types and seizure semiology in NCC, and examine the clinical presentation in patients with NCC and drug-resistant epilepsy. We also provide evidence of the role of MRI and EEG in the diagnosis of NCC-related epilepsy. Focal seizures are reported in 60–90% of patients with NCC-related epilepsy, and around 90% of all seizures registered prospectively are focal not evolving to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. A great number of cases suggest that seizure semiology is topographically related to NCC lesions. Patients with hippocampal sclerosis and NCC have different clinical and neurophysiological characteristics than those with hippocampal sclerosis alone. Different MRI protocols have allowed to better differentiate NCC from other etiologies. Lesions' stages might account on the chances of finding an interictal epileptiform discharge. Studies pursuing the seizure onset in patients with NCC are lacking and they are specially needed to determine both whether the reported events of individual cases are seizures, and whether they are related to the NCC lesion or lesions.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Neurocysticercosis and Epilepsy”.     

颅内结构性病变继发癫痫62例临床分析

目的 总结颅内结构性病变与继发性癫痫的关系并提出手术方法。方法 对62例颅内结构性病变继发癫痫患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 本组病历以AVM最多见，其次是颅脑肿瘤；癫痫发作为唯一主诉症状，其临床的发作形式与其性质和部位有关。结论 CT及MRI是诊断颅内结构性病变的重要方法；综合治疗该类病变是可能的有效途径。     

胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤的致痫灶处理

目的 探讨胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤(DNT)伴药物难治性癫痫患者的外科手术治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析了第三军医大学新桥医院神经外科采用外科手术治疗14例此类患者的经验.术前和术中均进行致痫灶定位,术中在切除肿瘤的同时一并处理肿瘤外致痫灶.结果 14例患者肿瘤均得到全切,未行放疗和化疗,无肿瘤复发及恶性转化.11例患者癫痫发作得到完全控制(Engel Ⅰ级),2例患者稀少发作(Engel Ⅱ级),1例患者术后仍有频繁癫痫发作,再次手术切除肿瘤周围致痫灶后癫痫得到完全控制.结论 DNT应当按照皮质发育障碍来处理,除切除肿瘤外,积极处理肿瘤外致痫灶可获得较佳的癫痫控制结果.