Proton-conducting membranes based on modified poly(vinyl chloride)

Chlorine atoms of polyvinylchloride were replaced by sulfo and benzimidazolyl groups by nucleophilic substitution. It was shown that the reaction of the polymer with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole sodium salt and sulfuric or chlorosulfonic acid proceeds via dehydrochlorination. The synthesized materials were used for preparing proton-conducting membranes with a proton conductivity of 5.6 × 10⁻⁴ to 5.9 × 10⁻³ S/cm.     

环氧化天然橡胶增韧聚氯乙烯力学性能研究

对环氧化度为50％的环氧化天然橡胶（ENR－50）增韧聚氯乙烯（PVC）体系的力学性能进行了研究，并分析了防老剂4010与增塑剂DOP对PVC／ENR增韧体系性能的影响。结果表明：ENR有较好的增韧效果，且对PVC的强度影响不大；DOP既可增塑也可增韧，但DOP的加入将影响ENR对PVC的增韧作用；防老剂4010可阻止ENR的老化，改善PVC／ENR－50共混物的性能。     

环氧化天然橡胶改性软质聚氯乙烯的研究

对环氧化度为50％的环氧化天然橡胶（ENR－50）改性软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）体系的性能进行了研究，并用动态力学和电镜分析了PVC与ENR－50的相容性。结果表明：适量的ENR－50可明显改善软质PVC的性能，而且PVC的相对分子质量越大，PVC／ENR－50共混材料的性能越好。虽然DMA测试PVC／ENR－50共混材料只有1个玻璃化转变温度（Tg），但在微观上并不完全相容。     

磷酸酯化聚乙烯醇渗透汽化复合膜的制备与分离性能研究

制备了以磷酸酯化聚乙烯醇为活性分离层的ＰＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ渗透汽化复合膜，并用于乙醇－水混合物的分离；比较了分离温度、进料浓度对膜分离性能影响的重要性。结果表明，复合膜活性层的酯化度对其分离性能具有显著影响。     

深冷法制备聚乙烯醇粉末

采用涡轮膨胀机制冷,在-140～-120℃深冷条件下机械粉碎普通规格聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒,制备出了粒径小于165μm的PVA粉末。结果表明:粉碎温度由-120℃下降为-140℃时,粉状PVA产品中粒径小于165μm的小颗粒质量分数由87.75%提高为96.11%;综合权衡,粉碎温度选择-130℃较好;产品的粉碎成本约为1500元/t。     

Percolation of composite poly(vinyltrimethylsilane) membranes with carbon nanotubes

Recent years have seen a flurry of activity in research on the use of nanoparticles to improve the properties of polymeric membranes. It is known that the change in the macroscopic properties of these hybrid materials is associated with the parameters of the cluster of incorporated nanoparticles. The percolation threshold is higher than 15 vol % for the spherical particles and decreases with the increasing aspect ratio of the embedded nanoparticles of another shape. The paper presents the results of study on the permeability of gases (N₂, O₂, CH₄ and C₃H₈) and a test liquid (ethanol) through hybrid membranes based on the glassy polymer poly(vinyltrimethylsilane) (PVTMS) with embedded multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with a concentration of 0.3–3 wt %. It has been found that the permeability of gases and liquids alters at MWCNT concentrations above 0.4 wt %, which corresponds to the percolation threshold for the given particles as proved by calculations. In addition, the gas permeability coefficients measured indicate a change in the transport mechanism and selectivity of the membrane.     

Gas permeability of homogeneous and composite membranes based on poly(trimethylsilylpropyne)/poly(vinyltrimethylsilane) blends

Gas transport properties of membranes based on a blend of two silicon-hydrocarbon polymers, poly(trimethylsilylpropyne) (PTMSP) and poly(vinyltrimethylsilane) (PVTMS), have been investigated. The N₂ and CO₂ permeability of the membranes decreases by two orders of magnitude, and CO₂/N₂ selectivity increases about threefold with increasing PVTMS content in the blend from 0 to 100%. The effect of the volume contraction of the membranes has been found. The results of the experiments and calculations showed that the membrane properties throughout all the range of concentrations are in good agreement with the single-phase blend permeability model. The results of the research open the possibility of preparing PTMSP/PVTMS membranes with stable gas separation properties combining a high permeability of PTMSP and a rather high selectivity of PVTMS.     

Structure and properties of poly(4-methylpentene-1) track-etched membranes

The influence of irradiation and the subsequent etching of latent tracks in poly(4-methylpentene-1) (PMP) films on the transport parameters of the resulting membranes has been studied. The films have been irradiated with accelerated Kr and Xe ions of 4.5 and 1.2 MeV/nucleon in energy at a fluence of 10⁶–10⁹ cm^?2. It has been found that the irradiation followed by etching makes it possible to obtain an anisotropic membrane with a nonporous selective layer between two porous layers with tapered pores. The CH₄, CO₂, and He transport characteristics of the membranes have been examined. It has been shown that these modification methods can significantly increase the gas flux through the membrane. It is believed that the ion track etching procedure as applied to PMP can form the basis for fabricating membranes with a highly permeable, nonporous, gas-selective layer.     

Elaboration of composite hollow fiber membranes with selective layer from poly[1-(trimethylsylil)1-propyne] for regeneration of aqueous alkanolamine solutions

The results of research on elaboration of the hollow fiber composite membranes for regeneration of aqueous solutions of alkanolamines in membrane gas-liquid contactor are presented in this work. Asymmetric polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber UF membranes were used as a porous support, poly[1-(trimethylsylil)-1-propyne] (PTMSP) was employed as a diffusion layer. The influence of PSF hollow fiber casting conditions on hydraulic permeability was studied. Samples of composite membranes were obtained with a defectfree layer of PTMSP and carbon dioxide permeance of 0.26 m³ (STP) (m² h bar)^?1. It was revealed by SEM that the thickness of the PTMSP separation layer is 2.5 microns, where in X-ray spectrometry analysis data and calculations according to resistance-in-series model discovered that the selective layer penetration depth to the pores of the support was 1.4 microns. Calculation by resistance-in-series model showed that 98.6% of resistance to the gas transport is attributed to PTMSP, partially intruded in the pores of the support. Chemical stability of materials which comprise composite membrane makes promising their using for regeneration of aqueous solutions of alkanolamines (pH > 11) from carbon dioxide at a temperature of 100°C and a pressure drop of 10 bar in the membrane gas-liquid contactors.     

Influence of thermal treatment on electrosurface and structural properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) track membranes

Electrosurface characteristics of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) track membranes (TMs) with a pore radius of 6.5 to 60 nm used for ultra- and microfiltration have been studied. The results allow for indirect judgments on the track structure and variation in the pore space structure of TMs with the increasing pore radius. Higher values of TM porosity determined from data of the membrane electrical resistance compared with the porosity values obtained from the filtration data suggest that the PET pore surface has a loose structure. The thermal treatment of TMs makes the porosity values determined from the electrical resistance and filtration data closer to one another. The character of changes in the isoelectric point, ?? potential, and surface charge (??) indicate that the properties and structure of the PET pore surface depend on the pore radius. The results obtained can be used to predict the separation power of TMs.     

分区水泥胶结测井(SBT)的解释方法研究及应用

文章针对常规声波变密度测井的局限性，介绍了分区水泥胶结测井(SBT)的优越性，阐述了SBT的解释方法。通过FX井的SBT测井资料和常规的声波变密度测井资料对比分析，SBT测井资料的应用效果表明，该测井方法解释结论真实可靠，突破了常规声波变密度测井的局限性，具有良好的应用效果。     

聚乙烯基己内酰胺的合成、表征及其水合物生成抑制性能

以N-乙烯基己内酰胺(NVCL)为单体,偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐(AIBI)为引发剂,无水乙醇(AE)为溶剂,通过溶液聚合法合成了聚N-乙烯基己内酰胺(PNVCL)。考察了合成条件对产率及数均分子量(Mn)的影响,用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对产物分子量及分布系数进行了测定,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)对产品结构进行了表征,运用分光光度计对产物低临界溶解温度(LCST)进行了测定,并对聚合机理进行了分析。同时,采用高压法对PNVCL抑制天然气水合物生成的性能进行了测试。结果表明:在投料比为m(NVCL)∶m(AIBI)∶m(AE)=10∶0.03∶20,搅拌速率300 r/min,温度70℃,反应9 h的优化条件下,PNVCL产率可达98.3%,Mn为30000,LCST为35℃。PNVCL对天然气水合物生成的抑制能力随着分子量的增大而提高。同条件下,PNVCL(Mn=30000)对水合物生成的抑制时间为18 h,商业抑制剂VC-713为15.5h。     

核壳结构PS/PU纳米复合物的合成及其性能的研究

采用种子乳液聚合法 ,合成出以聚氨酯 (PU)为壳、聚苯乙烯 (PS)为核的核壳结构聚苯乙烯 /聚氨酯 (PS/PU)纳米复合乳液。采用动态光散射、透射电镜、红外光谱等测试手段对其结构特征及粒子形态进行了研究 ,其核 /壳质量比对纳米复合乳液的性能有一定影响 ,随着核 /壳质量比的增加 ,复合乳液的粒径和紫外吸光度增大 ,电导率下降 ,乳液粘度先下降而后上升     

碳酸乙烯酯与丁二酸二甲酯耦合反应制备聚丁二酸乙二醇酯预聚体的热力学分析

采用基团贡献法在433K~533K温度范围对碳酸乙烯酯与丁二酸二甲酯耦合制聚丁二酸乙二醇酯反应体系的4个可能的反应进行了反应焓变、反应熵变、反应吉布斯自由能变(ΔrGθ)及平衡常数(Kp)的计算。结果表明,反应(2)和(4)为放热反应,其ΔrGθ＜0可自发进行,升高温度不利于反应的进行,而反应(1)和(3)为吸热反应,其ΔrGθ＞0,反应不能自发进行。与反应(3)相比,反应(2)的平衡常数较大,反应更易进行。     

稀土-钛催化剂上制备的聚(对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯-co-丁二酸丁二醇酯)的结构与性能

采用熔融缩聚法,以稀土-钛复合物为催化剂,以对苯二甲酸二甲酯、1,4-丁二醇和1,4-丁二酸为单体,制备了一系列相对分子质量较大、相对分子质量分布较窄的聚(对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯-co-丁二酸丁二醇酯)共聚酯。采用凝胶渗透色谱、核磁共振、示差扫描量热和广角X射线衍射等手段表征了该系列共聚酯的结构、热性能和结晶性能,并对它们的宏观力学性能及生物降解性进行了分析和描述。实验结果表明,在共聚酯中当脂肪族单元的摩尔分数为60%~80%时,共聚酯具有较好的热性能和力学性能,且具有一定的生物降解性。     

2,4,6-Tris(2,2,2-trinitroethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine: Synthesis,Characterization, and Energetic Properties

A simple and straightforward route for the synthesis of 2,4,6-tris(2,2,2-trinitroethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (TTET) has been developed. The compound was fully characterized by multinuclear (¹H, ¹³C) magnetic resonance and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, electron ionization–mass spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TTET was found to have good physical properties, such as good thermal stability (T_d = 186°C), reasonable impact sensitivity (21.5 J), and high density (1.88 g · cm^?3). Additionally, the detonation properties of TTET obtained with the empirical Kamlet-Jacobs equations identify it as a competitively energetic compound, which in some cases is superior to 1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine.     

The database “Gas Separation Properties of Glassy Polymers” (Topchiev Institute): Capabilities and prospects

The Database “Gas Separation Properties of Glassy Polymers,” which was developed at the Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences in the late 1990s and updated at regular intervals, is presented in this paper. This database is currently not only an electronic handbook but also a useful tool to search for novel membrane materials with improved properties for solving traditional and new gas-separation problems and for testing various models using a large body of data. To date, the database was also appended with information on the free volumes of polymers measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Permeability coefficients can be calculated for novel polymers by means of a group contribution method using this database. The paper highlights some features of group contribution methods with specific examples.     

聚丙烯酸酯乳液改性纳米氢氧化镁/交联低密度聚乙烯复合材料的结构与性能

用纳米聚丙烯酸酯乳液改性纳米M g(OH)2,并制备了纳米M g(OH)2/交联低密度聚乙烯(XLDPE)复合材料。用FTIR,TEM,SEM等手段对纳米M g(OH)2表面性质和纳米M g(OH)2在XLDPE中的分散程度进行了表征,并对纳米M g(OH)2/XLDPE复合材料的拉伸和阻燃性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,改性的纳米M g(OH)2表面吸附了一层聚丙烯酸酯;改性纳米M g(OH)2在XLDPE基体中分散均匀;添加改性纳米M g(OH)2的复合材料的拉伸和阻燃性能明显优于添加未改性纳米M g(OH)2的复合材料;当m(改性M g(OH)2)∶m(低密度聚乙烯)=15时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值(23.7M Pa)。     

含羧基侧基的聚芳醚砜平板超滤膜的制备及其性能研究

以双酚酸和4,4′-二氯二苯砜为原料制备了含羧基侧基的聚芳醚砜(C-PAES),利用1HNMR方法对C-PAES的结构进行了表征。以C-PAES为功能层材料,无纺布为支撑层,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为添加剂,采用相转化法制备了C-PAES超滤膜。SEM表征结果显示,C-PAES超滤膜表面为无缺陷、较致密的皮层结构,内部为多孔亚层结构。研究了C-PAES超滤膜中PVP含量对其性能的影响。实验结果表明,当PVP含量为5.0%(w)时,C-PAES超滤膜的纯水通量为230.0L/(m2·h);当PVP含量为10.0%(w)时,C-PAES超滤膜对牛血清白蛋白的截留率达97.2%。