HIV／AIDS患者健康教育需求分析

目的 分析HIV／AIDS患者的健康教育需求，为有针对性开展健康教育提供参考。方法 应用调查表，调查,2004年5月至2006年4月间在我区发现的42例HIV／AIDS患者，分析探讨其健康教育需求内容及方式。结果 HIV／AIDS患者最想了解HIV／AIDS治疗及管理等服务机构、其次为药物的疗效和副作用、CD4免疫细胞检测及意义、临床症状和治疗方法、心理支持系统与自我疏导方式、AIDS夫妻及家人间的预防等；最希望获取知识途径是工作人员上门随访宣传教育。结论 健康教育应以受众的心理特点、需求和现有知识水平为依据，按他们最欢迎的方式和最需要的内容进行宣传教育会提高健康教育工作的效果。     

HIV感染者/AIDS患者抑郁研究进展

抑郁在HIV感染者/AIDS患者中普遍存在,且严重影响患者的生命质量及心理健康,目前针对HIV感染者/AIDS患者抑郁的研究引起了越来越多学者的关注。因此本文回顾了国内外HIV感染者/AIDS患者抑郁的相关文献,并着重综述了影响该人群抑郁的因素,以期为防治或缓解HIV感染者/AIDS患者抑郁提供理论依据。     

Logic models from an evaluability assessment of pharmaceutical services for people living with HIV/AIDS

Brazil was the first developing country to provide people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA) with comprehensive, universal, free access to antiretroviral medicines (ARV). Pharmaceutical services are considered a strategic action that has the goal of providing access to rational use of quality medicines while also promoting user satisfaction. User satisfaction is a complex concept, and evaluation models for pharmaceutical services for PLWA were not found in the literature. Therefore, an evaluation approach to help assess this issue had to be developed. This article seeks to describe a theoretical evaluation model of user satisfaction with the dispensing of ARV, developed as part of an Evaluability Assessment (EA). It presents a brief review of the EA and user satisfaction and describes the development of models created during the EA. The lessons learned in the process are presented as a conclusion.     

安徽省皖北地区艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人生存质量评价

目的 了解安徽省皖北地区艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人的生存质量现状及其影响因素,为进一步改善其生存质量提供相关依据。方法 采用方便样本法选取皖北10个县（市、区）艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人,使用艾滋病病毒感染者医疗结局健康调查表简体中文版进行面对面匿名调查,均数比较采用t检验和方差分析,多因素分析采用多元线性回归方程评价其生存质量。结果 艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人的生理健康总分为（48.29±8.73）分,心理健康总分为（46.67±8.45）分。他（她）们的总体健康、躯体健康、社会功能、肌体疼痛、心理健康、活力6个维度得分均低于正常人群（均有P<0.05）。不同文化程度、职业、居住地、年收入分别与生理健康总分、心理健康总分及不同维度差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）,文化程度和收入与他（她）们的生理健康总分、心理健康总分及躯体健康、认知功能、肌体疼痛、心理健康、活力均呈正相关,而打短工与他（她）们的角色功能、肌体疼痛均呈负相关。结论 艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人的生存质量低于常人,其受文化程度、职业、居住地、年收入等多因素影响,今后可通过提高他（她）们的文化程度和收入以改善其生存质量。     

参与式方法在学校艾滋病健康教育中的效果评估

目的评价参与式方法在学校艾滋病防治健康教育中的效果。方法在参与式教学前后采用相同问卷对昆明市一所中等医学专科学校267名二年级学生进行性病/艾滋病相关知识、态度对比调查。结果参与式教学前后:①艾滋病相关知识认知有变化,且差别有统计学意义(χ2=9.53,P<0.01);②性病知识认知变化大,差别有统计学意义(χ2=83.09,P<0.01);③艾滋相关态度有不同程度地改变,且差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论参与式方法应用于课堂对学生的性病/艾滋病相关知识、相关态度作用明显,有利于学校更好地开展艾滋病健康教育。     

Long-term continuum of care for people living with HIV/AIDS

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has created new options for those infected and affected by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Most HIV-infected persons no longer die within months of diagnosis. There is now a long-term continuum of care that can end in misery or relative comfort. The introduction of palliative care in concert with curative therapies throughout the disease trajectory should be the standard of care for all persons. At the very least, the introduction of palliative care and hospice at the end of life is important to the holistic care of persons living with HIV/AIDS.     

Application of a five-step message development model for food safety education materials targeting people with HIV/AIDS

Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have an increased risk of contracting foodborne illnesses and need to take special precautions regarding food safety. We implemented a five-step model to assess the needs of people with HIV, develop education materials targeted to their needs, and evaluate acceptance of the materials. Needs assessment focus groups (n=8) with HIV-infected people (n=65) and interviews with health care providers (n=18) were conducted to determine motivators and barriers to adopting food safety recommendations. Education materials were developed using needs assessment data, literature on foodborne illnesses, and the Health Belief Model. Acceptability of materials was evaluated by focus groups (n=4) with HIV-infected people (n=32) and a survey of health care providers (n=25). Needs assessment focus group participants expressed resistance to and confusion about many recommendations. Prototype materials were designed to address barriers and motivators. HIV-infected people who reviewed the prototype materials in evaluation focus groups expressed positive attitudes about the materials, and most indicated willingness to follow recommendations. Health care providers were interested in distributing the education materials to their clients. Carefully listening to HIV-infected people and their health care providers, as well as detailed investigation of the literature on foodborne illnesses, contributed to acceptance of the education materials.     

Needs assessment for older people.

Assessments of need carried out so far have concentrated on single diseases or interventions rather than care groups or on people who have multiple pathologies. We therefore began a needs assessment for older people in a central London health authority. The health district--then called Parkside--covered 25 square miles in north London and had a resident population of 432,600 people, of which 7% were aged 75 years and over and 2% were aged 85 years and over. Estimates of the number of people with different disabilities and diseases were calculated using data from the General Household Survey, the office of Population Census Survey (OPCS) Disability Survey or other national or reliable surveys. Although the majority of older people were well--indicating a need for health promotion and disease prevention--we estimated the number of disabled older people in the district was in excess of 25,000, with the most common types of disability being those concerned with locomotion, hearing and personal care. Using data from the OPCS survey we were able to estimate there were 7328 people aged 75 years and over who were in the OPCS top five severity rating, which would mean that they probably required services. For mental health we estimated there would be approximately 6000 older people suffering from clinically significant depression, 6000 older people suffering from anxiety, and between 2740 and 4441 suffering moderate to severe dementia. A next step is to match an assessment of the prevalence of disease and disability, with an estimate of that being served locally.     

The invisibility of serodiscordance in care for people with HIV/AIDS

This study seeks to identify and reflect on medical strategies used to ensure the systematic use of condoms for the effectiveness of AIDS prevention, in particular, when patients are involved in serodiscordant marital relationship in that only one of the partners is HIV positive. As analytical tools we used the concepts of thinking styles of epistemology (Fleck), the training process (Good), and therapeutics (Sayd, Camargo Jr. and Almeida). Among the findings of the research stood out an invisibility of the serodiscordant couples, for what turns out to be really important is adherence to treatment, which coincides with adherence to medication (ART).     

艾滋病病毒感染者／艾滋病病人配偶／固定性伴HIV感染现状调查

[目的]了解艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)病人配偶/固定性伴HIV感染现状,探索艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病病人(PLWHA)配偶/固定性伴降低胜接触传播的有效预防措施.[方法]对已确认的PLWHA的配偶/固定性伴采血进行HIV抗体检测.[结果]对全县可随访到的PLWHA的配偶/固定性伴73例进行了艾滋病毒抗体(抗-HIV)筛查,检出阳性23例,占31.51%.[结论]对PLWHA及其配偶/固定性伴进行健康教育、行为干预,是今后澄江县艾滋病控制工作的重点和难点.定期随访,指导PLWHA做到每次性交时正确使用安全套是减少配偶、性伴间传播HIV的有效方法.     

Experiences of contemplating returning to work for people living with HIV/AIDS

In the mid-1990s, medical advances dramatically altered the experience of living with HIV/AIDS. The shifting medical climate spurred new social and financial questions, such as the possibility of returning to work. In this qualitative study, the authors examine how people living with HIV/AIDS perceive, attach meaning to, and approach the experience of returning to work. Findings demonstrate that the participants are influenced by, and wrestle with, both the dominant societal perspective that "people should return to work," and the oppositional perspective that people living with HIV/AIDS "should not return to work." Theoretical understanding of the results is enhanced using the concepts of the "sick role" and the "hierarchy of identities." Findings have conceptual and methodological implications for literature in HIV/AIDS, return to work, and identity.     

HIV感染者/AIDS患者危机干预

中国HIV感染者或AIDS患者(PLWHA)数目逐年增长,有关PLWHA的心理健康也成为社会关注的热点。在确诊HIV初期和艾滋病期的心理问题相对而言更严重,容易出现心理危机。目前心理危机干预技术多运用于其他疾病,在PLWHA的运用较少。本研究综述PLWHA危及期的心理特点及危机干预在PLWHA中的应用。     

Protective factors and resilience in people living with HIV/AIDS

The aim of this theoretical review was to articulate the resilience concept with key aspects in the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS. We emphasize the analysis of protective factors traditionally related to resilience (personal characteristics and social and affective support networks). The reviewed studies show important protective factors that contribute to the health and well-being of people with HIV/AIDS, such as cognitive coping and acceptance of their HIV status, family participation in treatment and family support, the role of governmental and nongovernmental institutions, and religious beliefs. The concept of resilience defined as a dynamic process that allows human beings to overcome adversities is essential for understanding HIV infection and treatment of AIDS patients. It helps decrease stigmatization and prejudice towards the disease and patients. It also helps alter the notion that living with AIDS is incompatible with well-being and quality of life and fosters the creation of new HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment perspectives.