母亲患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病对婴儿的影响

为了解母亲患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病对婴儿的影响,通过浙江省新生儿疾病筛查网络系统,从1999年8月至2001年7月对全省71例有自身免疫性甲状腺疾病史的妊娠妇女及其婴儿进行追踪观察。结果显示,正常58例,新生儿暂时性高TSH血症10例,先天性甲状腺功能减低症2例,婴儿甲状腺功能亢进症1例。3例异常者,其母亲妊娠期甲状腺功能均不正常。提示母亲患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病对婴儿的影响主要决定于母亲妊娠期甲状腺功能状态;因而加强对患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的育龄妇女及其孩子的管理非常重要。     

窒息和出生低体重新生儿甲状腺功能状态探讨

３８例窒息新生儿和１１例低出生体重新生儿、并与同期健康新生儿５４例作为对照进行血清甲状腺激素测定。三组的各项检测结果在性别上无差异；在窒秘组中血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４、值则明显低于正常对照组，ＴＳＨ值窒息组与正常组无差异；低体重儿组血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＴＳＨ均明显低于正常对照组，提示：窒息缺氧、酸中毒时甲状腺分泌反应低下；低体重我因提前分娩或宫内发育不良使垂体－甲状腺轴功能不成熟、血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４和ＴＳＨ均可出现     

糖尿病母亲的新生儿出生体重和疾病发生率的比较

目的　了解糖尿病母亲的发病孕期对其新生儿出生体重和疾病发生率的影响。方法　应用回顾性对照分析的方法 ,对 9例孕早期发病的糖尿病母亲的新生儿 (NODM) (1组 ) ,32例孕中期发病的NODM (2组 ) ,32例孕晚期发病的NODM(3组 )进行比较。结果　三组出生体重和胎盘重量上无显著差异 ,且出生体重与胎盘重量之间存在正相关 (r >r0 .0 5　　P <0 .0 1 )。新生儿疾病发生率 1组高于 2组和 3组 ,1组与 3组间差异有显著性意义 (χ2 =3 .88　P <0 .0 5)。结论　在现有的干预措施下 ,不同孕期发病的NODM在出生体重上无差别 ,但孕母患病越早、其新生儿的围生期疾病发生率越高     

孕母患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病对婴儿智能发育影响的多因素分析

目的探讨孕母患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病对婴儿智能发育的影响因素。方法对77例孕母患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的婴儿采用Gesell发育量表进行跟踪调查,采用病例对照研究的方法对可能影响婴儿应人能、应物能、粗动作能、细动作能发育的因素进行非条件Logistic回归分析。结果(1)孕母患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的婴儿其应人能、应物能、粗动作能、细动作能发育落后,与健康孕母的婴儿比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎孕母的婴儿其细动作能、应物能的发育比Graves病孕母的婴儿差,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)经多因素非条件Logistic回归分析筛选出婴儿体内的抗过氧化物酶抗体、母体内的促甲状腺激素受体抗体与婴儿的应物能、应人能,粗动作能有关,而母体内抗过氧化物酶抗体、孕期母亲甲状腺功能则与细动作能有关(P<0.05)。结论孕母患自身免疫性甲状腺疾病对婴儿的智能发育有影响。     

低出生体重儿并甲状腺功能低下早期治疗及随访

目的 探讨低出生体重儿（LBWI）并甲状腺功能低下（甲低）患儿早期治疗及预后。方法 随机将LBWI并甲低96例分为甲状腺片治疗组50例及非治疗组46例；在生后纠正年龄12－30个月时随访，采用婴幼儿发育量表（全国常模）进行智力发育指数（MDI）及运动发育指数（PDI）的测定，同时测量身体生长值。结果 治疗组及非治疗组身高、体重及头围行政管理落后各为5例（10％）及10例（21．7％），MDI及PDI低下各5例（10％）和12例（26．1％）；两组身高、体重及头围落后发生率无差异（P＞0．05）；两组MDI和PDI及其低下发生率比较有明显差异（P＜0．005或P＜0．05）。结论 短期甲状腺片早期治疗有助于改善LBWI并甲低患儿的预后。     

低出生体重对肾脏功能的影响

新生儿由于早产或宫内发育迟缓而造成的低出生体重将会对肾脏的发育产生不良影响。在新生儿期，低出生体重的近期不良效应表现为一过性水电解质失衡，易出现急性肾功能不全。在成人期，低出生体重的远期不良效应与慢性肾脏疾病进展相关。流行病学研究提示低出生体重可能通过影响血压、微血管结构功能、内分泌水平及肾单位的发育而参与了慢性肾脏疾病的发生和进展。     

双胎新生儿与出生体重及胎龄的关系

100例双胎新生儿中,早产52例,低出生体重69例。患病情况以新生儿硬肿症为多,其次是感染性疾病。死亡15例,死亡率15％。其中病死率最高的是RDS,肺出血和颅内出血。指出由于双胎新生儿早产率高,低出生体重发生率高,机体免疫力低下,各器官功能不成熟,易患各种疾病、严重威胁双胎新生儿的生命,对双胎新生儿进行重点监护,早期预防并发症,可望降低其病死率。     

不同出生体重对新生儿静息能量消耗影响研究

为观察不同出生体重对新生儿静息能量消耗的影响,采用音接能量测定（DeltatracTM II,芬兰产）成功检测180例健康新生儿,其中男孩95例,女孩85例,按出生体重分成3组,即＜3000g组,3000g-3999g组,和≥4000g组,结果显示：体重＜3000g的新生儿能量消耗与体重在3000g-3999g之间的新生儿能量消耗无差异,而体重≥4000g的新生儿能量消耗与他们差异均有显著性,提示出生体重≥4000g的新生儿静息能量消耗明显低于体重在4000g以下的新生儿。     

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病伴肾小球肾炎1例报告及文献复习

目的 探讨自身免疫性甲状腺疾病与肾小球肾炎的关系。方法 通过对1例以间断浮肿、血尿、蛋白尿及突眼为主诉的患儿进行甲状腺功能、自身抗体及肾组织病理检查,并结合文献复习进行综合分析。结果 13岁女孩肾脏受损表现为迁延性肾小球肾炎,肾脏病理为混合型,以膜性肾病为主;同时有甲状腺功能亢进症状,血T3、T4升高,TSH下降,甲状腺自身抗体TRAb、TGAb及TPOAb异常增高。诊为自身免疫性甲状腺疾病相关肾小球肾炎,Graves病合并桥本氏病。结论自身免疫性甲状腺疾病是继发性肾小球肾炎的原因之一,应给予充分的认识。     

Effect of birth asphyxia on serum calcium levels in neonates

Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were measured at birth, 6 hours, 24 hours, and on 5th day of life in 35 neonates with birth asphyxia (one-minute Apgar score of 6 or less), and in 37 neonates without asphyxia (one-minute Apgar score of 7 or more). Infants were divided into three groups: FT-AGA (n=30, asphyxia=15), FT-IUGR (n=20, asphyxia=10) and PT-AGA (n=22, asphyxia=10). Asphyxiated infants-FT-AGA as well as FT-IUGR-had significantly lower serum calcium levels than control infants during each of the time period studied. In PT-AGA infants with asphyxia, the serum calcium was significantly low only on 5th day of life. Lack of calcium intake, and hyperphosphatemia were identified as possible risk factors for low serum calcium in asphyxiated infants. No change in serum calcium levels was found in bicarbonatetreated asphyxiated infants in comparison to those who did not receive sodium bicarbonate. In view of the high incidence of low serum calcium in asphyxiated infants, serial monitoring of serum calcium levels is recommended in these infants.     

窒息新生儿甲状腺功能测定及临床意义

目的　 探讨新生儿窒息后血清甲状腺激素的变化及其临床意义。 方法 　对 80例新生儿窒息患儿和 40例正常新生儿 ,用放射免疫法测定血中甲状腺激素 ,即游离T3 、T4(FT3 、FT4)及TSH值 ,并进行对比观察。 结果 　窒息新生儿FT3 值显著低于正常对照组 (t=3 90 9,P <0 0 0 1) ,且以重度窒息组更甚 ,FT4及TSH两组无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。 结论 　新生儿窒息后可出现甲状腺功能低下 ,窒息患儿血中FT3 显著低于正常新生儿 ,重度窒息患儿血中FT3 更低 ,提示甲状腺激素降低的程度与病情严重程度呈正相关。血清甲状腺激素水平测定可作为窒息新生儿病情判断 ,疗效观察及预后估计的一项参考指标。     

Association between birth weight and birth arm circumference of neonates in rural Egypt

In many developing countries including Egypt, the birth weights (BWs) of most babies go unrecorded because they are born at home. Since it is difficult to record BW in the community setting, birth arm circumference (BAC) has been used as a valid proxy for BW to identify at risk babies with low birth weight (LBW). However, the validity of BAC as an indicator of the actual BW has not been assessed fully. We did this study among neonates in rural Bilbeis, Egypt, to examine the association between BW and BAC, to assess whether BAC can serve as an indicator of the actual BW, and to determine the validity indices of 3 different cut-off levels of BAC as indicators of LBW. During 1987–88, the weights and arm circumference of 148 neonates were recorded within 2 weeks of birth. We observed a strong and highly significant positive linear correlation between BW and BAC (r=0.6188, p=0.0001). The BAC cut-off value of <9.5 cm was associated with the optimal combination of sensitivity (50%) and specificity (88.4%) as an indicator of LBW. In linear regression analysis BAC was found to be a significant (p=0.00001) predictor of BW. The means of the model predicted weights for males, females, and both genders together were identical to the corresponding means of the observed values. In contingency table analysis, for 78 (52.7%) of the 148 neonates studied the observed and predicted BW categories were identical. For another 59 (39.9%) neonates, agreement with the next lower or higher BW category was observed. We feel that BAC can be used as an indicator of the actual BW in settings where routine recording of BW is currently not practicable.     

Effect of birth weight, maternal education and prenatal smoking on offspring intelligence at school age

To examine the combined effect of birth weight, mothers’ education and prenatal smoking on psychometrically measured intelligence at school age 1,822 children born in 1992-1999 and attending the first six grades from 45 schools representing all of the fifteen Estonian counties with information on birth weight, gestational age and mother's age, marital status, education, parity and smoking in pregnancy, and intelligence tests were studied. The scores of Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices were related to the birth weight: in the normal range of birth weight (≥ 2500 g) every 500 g increase in birth weight was accompanied by around 0.7-point increase in IQ scores. A strong association between birth weight and IQ remained even if gestational age and mother's age, marital status, education, place of residence, parity and smoking during pregnancy have been taken into account. Maternal prenatal smoking was accompanied by a 3.3-point deficit in children's intellectual abilities. Marriage and mother's education had an independent positive correlation with offspring intelligence. We concluded that the statistical effect of birth weight, maternal education and smoking in pregnancy on offspring's IQ scores was remarkable and remained even if other factors have been taken into account.     

Vitamin D intake during pregnancy: Association with maternal characteristics and infant birth weight

Background

Vitamin D insufficiency is beginning to be recognized as a public health problem. It is plausible that some portion of the lower Vitamin D levels which characterize minority populations is related to diet.

Aims

We examined and described total Vitamin D intake during pregnancy from the mean of three 24-hour recalls plus use of dietary supplements.

Study design

Prospective cohort.

Subjects

2251 low income, minority gravidae from Camden, New Jersey, USA.

Outcome measures

Differences in total Vitamin D intake by maternal ethnicity. BMI and other factors (age, parity) and associations of total Vitamin D intake with gestation duration and birth weight adjusted for gestation.

Results and conclusions

Total Vitamin D intake was significantly lower for minority gravidae (African American, and Hispanic, mainly Puerto Rican), for parous women, and for women with pregravid BMIs consistent with obesity or being overweight. After control for energy, other nutrients, and other potential confounding variables, total intake of Vitamin D was associated with increased infant birth weight; gravidae below the current adequate intake (< 5 μg/day or 200 IU) had infants with significantly lower birth weights (p < 0.05). Additional intake of Vitamin D may be of importance since higher intake is associated with increased birth weight in a population at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.     

Postnatal thyroid function in low birth weight infants: A cross-sectional assessment of free thyroxine and thyroid hormone binding globulin

To investigate the significance of low serum thyroxine in premature infants, serum FT4, T4, TSH and TBG were measured in 7 infants with BW<1000 g, 8 infants with BW 1001 to 1350 g, 9 infants with BW 1351 to 2499 g, and 11 full-term infants.FT4 concentrations were lower in the LBW infants than in the FT infants. Percent FT4 values in the infants with BW<1000 g were the highest in the groups studied, so that FT4 concentrations in those infants did not fall proportionally with the marked T4 decrease. TBG concentrations were lower in the VLBW infants (相似文献   

The effect of genetic and seasonal factors on birth weight

Obesity is a heterogeneous group of disorders that have in common disturbances of energy balance and an increase of fat cells. Genetic and development factors, however, have an important role in making obese or not obese people. Recently there has been a surge of interest on the possible relationship of obesity with birth weight and with season of birth.We have studied the effect of season of conception and ACP1 phenotype (an enzyme associated with obesity disorders) on birth weight in a sample of 809 newborn infants from the Caucasian population of Central Italy.Birth weight of newborn conceived in the period January-April is higher compared to that of subjects conceived in the subsequent period of year. The effects of season of conception on birth weight is enhanced in newborns carrying the heterozygous ACP1BA phenotype. BA infants are also more represented among those conceived in the first months of the year.The observations suggest that environmental and genetic factors favouring reproduction in the early months of the year also favour the birth of well nourished offspring. These infants could have an increased susceptibility to over-weight during adult life in Western populations.     

Cyclical combination chemotherapy and thyroid function in patients with advanced hodgkin's disease

Clinical and biochemical assessment of thyroid function was undertaken in patients with Hodgkin's disease at designated points following diagnosis. At diagnosis, two of 20 patients had either abnormally low routine thyroid indices, or elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels that were not due to iodine-based investigations. Following lymphography, 76.5% of patients had TSH levels that remained elevated for a median period of 3 months. No detectable thyroid dysfunction was induced during chemotherapy. Fifty-four patients were studied at a median time of 35 months after chemotherapy. One euthyroid patient had a nodular goitre, and one had abnormal thyroid indices. TSH levels were elevated in 44% of patients, although the median TSH level for the group was normal. Half the patients had abnormal TRH stimulation tests. Sixty patients were studied after irradiation and chemotherapy. Four patients had clinical thyroid dysfunction, and 10% of routine thyroid indices were abnormal. TSH levels were abnormal in 80%, with a markedly elevated median level. All thyroid releasing hormone stimulation tests were abnormal.     

60例低出生体重新生儿及早产儿心脏手术术后监护治疗

目的 总结60例低出生体重新生儿(low birth weight infant,LBWI)及早产儿先天性心脏病外科手术的术后监护治疗经验.方法 2003年5月至2011年10月共为60例2 500g以下LBWI先天性心脏病新生儿进行外科手术治疗.本组病例孕周26～42周,平均(33.50±4.07)周,出生体重640～2 500 g,平均(1729.3±522.45)g,其中47例为早产儿.手术时日龄4～55 d,平均(24.88±12.49)d;手术时体重650～2712 g,平均体重(1953.2±463.57)g.术前所有患儿均在NICU接受治疗.患儿均在全麻下接受先心病矫治手术,其巾非体外循环组29例,体外循环组31例(不停跳3例,深低温停循环4例).全组患儿术后进入心外小儿ICU进行监护治疗.结果 全组患儿住院期间死亡13例,总病死率为21.7％.其中术中死亡4例,手术病死率6.7％;术后早期死亡(72h内)6例,占总例数10.0％;术后家属放弃治疗3例,占总例数5.0 ％.体外循环时间35～326min,平均(121.0±74.6)min;主动脉阻断时间27～173min,平均(74.8±44.7)min.术后机械通气时间12～648 h,中位数96 h.全组患儿术后延期关胸13例,术后床旁开胸探查止血8例.其余主要并发症包括重症肺炎10例,肺高压危象2例,低心排综合症8例.结论 早产儿或低体重儿可早期实施先心病外科手术治疗,良好的术后管理有助于降低术后病死率和并发症发生率.