颈椎结核的手术适应证选择与疗效评价

目的 探讨颈椎结核的手术适应证选择并分析其疗效。方法本组11例颈椎结核患者,男8例,女3例,平均年龄50岁。2例为寰枢椎结核,9例为下颈椎结核。神经功能：2例寰枢椎结核,Frankel D级、E级各1例。9例下颈椎结核,Frankel C级2例,D级2例,E级5例。采用两种手术方式．a）行前路病灶清除内固定植骨融合术7例：b）行后路内固定植骨融合、前路病灶清除植骨融合术4例。结果平均随访24个月,影像学检查示所有结核病灶均骨性融合,无局部病灶复发。神经功能：1例为FrankCD级的寰枢椎结核,末次随访时为Frankel E级。下颈椎结核中,2例Frankel C级,2例D级,末次随访时均为E级。结论颈椎结核手术适应证选择恰当,可实现治愈结核、维持颈椎稳定性及恢复神经功能。     

手术治疗胸腰椎结核79例临床分析

目的探讨胸腰椎结核一期病灶清除、植骨融合、内固定治疗的临床疗效。方法回顾分析自2002年9月至2008年7月我院手术治疗并获得随访的79例胸腰椎结核患者,病变范围为T5～S1,病灶累及1～2个椎体72例,大于等于3个椎体7例,其中跳跃性脊柱结核4例。手术方法：a）经前路病灶清除,椎体间植骨融合并内固定术;b）后路椎弓根固定术并前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨融合术。术后佩戴支具3～6个月,抗结核药物治疗12～18个月。定期门诊随访,进行实验室检查和影像学观察。结果该组患者随访2～9年,均获临床治愈。79例前路植骨病例,界面骨性融合时间平均4.7个月,后凸畸形平均矫正18.7°,随访期内丢失2°。合并截瘫29例,术后神经症状均得到明显改善。结论一期结核病灶清除、植骨融合内固定术是治疗脊柱结核的重要手段,有效的抗结核化疗是脊柱结核治愈的基础。     

Laparoscopic Ablative and Reconstructive Surgeries in Genitourinary Tuberculosis

Background and Objectives:

Laparoscopy is the present standard of care for urologic diseases. Laparoscopy in renal tuberculosis (genitourinary tuberculosis) is difficult because of inflammation and fibrosis associated with the disease. We present the outcome of our experience of laparoscopy in genitourinary tuberculosis, both ablative and reconstructive.

Methods:

The detailed data of patients with genitourinary tuberculosis who underwent laparoscopic surgeries between January 2011 and September 2012 were reviewed. Indications, type of surgery, duration, blood loss, intraoperative problems, postoperative outcomes, and follow-up details were noted.

Results:

Overall, 7 laparoscopic procedures were performed: 5 nephrectomies, 1 ureteric reimplantation with psoas hitch, and 1 combined nephrectomy and laparoscopy-assisted Mainz II pouch reconstruction. The mean operative time was 192 minutes for nephrectomy, 210 minutes for ureteric reimplantation, and 480 minutes for nephrectomy with Mainz II pouch reconstruction. There were no conversions to open surgery. The mean amount of blood loss was 70 mL for the nephrectomies, 100 mL for ureteric reimplantation, and 200 mL for nephrectomy with Mainz II pouch reconstruction. In 5 of 6 patients who underwent nephrectomy, there was severe perinephric and peripelvic fibrosis posing difficulty in dissection. However, the renal vessels could be controlled individually. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3 days for the nephrectomies, 5 days for the ureteric reimplantation, and 10 days for the nephrectomy with Mainz II pouch reconstruction. In all cases the recovery was uneventful.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopy, though technically more demanding, is a feasible and safe option for ablative and complex reconstructive procedures in genitourinary tuberculosis. It offers the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. The difficulty with this procedure is mostly because of peripelvic and perinephric fibrosis, whereas the lower ureter and bladder are relatively easier to dissect.     

Polycystic kidneys Indications for Surgical Intervention

Thirty patients were admitted for complications of polycystic disease of the kidney.Nephrectomies were performed for hemorrhage, sepsis, and mass effect. Renal salvage was accomplished by drainage of pyocysts. Inadvertent adrenalectomy was a prominent surgical complication,     

Pneumatosis Intestinalis in Adults: Management,Surgical Indications,and Risk Factors for Mortality

Background Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is an unusual finding that can exist in a benign setting but can indicate ischemic bowel and the need for surgical intervention. We present a series of cases of PI in adults to illustrate factors associated with death and surgical intervention. Methods We reviewed the radiology database of the Mount Sinai Medical Center for cases of PI between 1996–2006 in adult patients. Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors significant for surgery and death. Results Forty patients developed PI over a 10-year span. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 20%, and the surgical rate was 35%. Factors independently associated with surgical management on multivariable analysis were age ≥ 60 years (p = 0.03), the presence of emesis (p = 0.01), and a WBC > 12 c/mm³ (p = 0.03). Pre-existing sepsis was independently associated with mortality (p = 0.03) while controlling for surgery. Conclusion Patients with the concomitant presence of PI, a WBC > 12 c/mm³, and/or emesis in the >60-year-old age group were most likely to have surgical intervention, whereas PI patients with sepsis had the highest risk for death. A management algorithm is proposed, but further research will be needed to determine which patients with PI may benefit most from surgery.     

Hip Arthroscopy: Surgical Indications

Successful outcomes of hip arthroscopy are most clearly dependent on selecting appropriate patients. The indications are numerous and continue to evolve. These indications are summarized in this report. The anatomic architecture of the hip region imposes unique challenges to performing this procedure. As a surgeon’s experience evolves, so will his or her indications for this operation. It is imperative to be knowledgeable about the technique, to exercise care with the procedure, and to be certain that it is being performed for proper reasons.     

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma Versus Other Surgical Indications

Objective:

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is widely recognized as the preferred technique for surgical removal of adrenal masses. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of consecutive laparoscopic adrenalectomies performed at a high-volume referral center and compare operative results for pheochromocytomas with that of other adrenal diseases.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed a single surgeon''s experience with laparoscopic adrenalectomy performed between July 2002 and June 2007. Patient records were analyzed in regards to demographics, pathology diagnoses, operative time, postoperative complications, tumor size, hospital stay, among others.

Results:

Seventy-two consecutive laparoscopic adrenalectomies were performed on 70 patients, including 2 bilateral adrenalectomies and one partial adrenalectomy. Surgical indications included pheochromocytoma (n=11), aldosteronoma (n=26), malignant adrenal disease (n=4), nonfunctioning adenomas (n=17), Cushing''s disease (n=6), and other adrenal disease (n=8). No mortality was observed. Perioperative complications occurred in 7 cases (9.7%). When a comparison between pathological diagnosis groups was made, no statistical differences were seen between pheochromocytomas and other adrenal neoplasms with respect to estimated blood loss, open conversion rate, length of stay, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin values, blood transfusion rates, peri-operative complication occurrence, tumor size, and ASA class.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and appropriate surgical technique for most adrenal lesions, including pheochromocytomas.     

粘连性肠梗阻手术指征多因素分析

目的探讨粘连性肠梗阻手术指征的多因素预测方法。方法回顾性分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院普外科1996年1月至2010年1月期间住院的2034例粘连性肠梗阻患者(进入分析模型有1992例),利用logistic多因素回归分析法,将可能影响粘连性肠梗阻急诊手术指征的17项因素〔梗阻持续时间、发作次数、腹部手术史、持续或剧烈腹痛、剧烈或频繁呕吐、严重腹胀、便血、发热、心率、休克或低血压、触及肿大肠襻、肠鸣音减弱、腹膜炎、外周血白细胞(WBC)计数、腹部立位X线平片示梗阻肠襻固定且扩张加重、腹腔游离气体及B超提示腹腔积液〕进行logistic回归分析,根据logistic回归分析理论得出粘连性肠梗阻需急诊手术几率的预测公式。结果根据logistic多因素及逐步回归分析得出梗阻持续时间、第一次发作、出现持续或剧烈腹痛、临床体检发现心率增快、出现腹膜炎体征、腹部立位X线平片见梗阻肠襻固定且扩张加重、B超提示腹腔积液及外周血WBC计数增高8项指标可以预测粘连性肠梗阻患者是否需急诊手术。其预测公式为:logit(P)=expZ/(1+expZ),其中Z={-7.813+〔-1.942×X1(1)/2.290×X1(2)/2.765×X1(3)〕+2.801×X2+2.692×X4+10.610×X9(1)/13.279×X9(2)+3.422×X13+〔-3.048×X14(1)/16.992×X14(2)〕+6.113×X15+2×X17},式中:X1(1)=梗阻持续时间3～5d,X1(2)=梗阻持续时间5～7d,X1(3)=梗阻持续时间≥7d;X2=发作次数;X4=持续或剧烈腹痛;X9(1)=心率60～100次/min,X9(2)=心率≥100次/min;X13=腹膜炎;X14(1)=WBC计数(10～20)×109/L,X14(2)=WBC计数≥20×109/L;X15=腹部立位X线平片示梗阻肠襻固定且扩张加重;X17=B超示腹腔积液。P0.5时则需急诊手术。本组结果符合率为99.00%,敏感性为96.17%,特异性为99.53%。随后利用2010年1月至2010年4月期间收治的粘连性肠梗阻患者105例对上述预测公式进行评价,符合率为96.20%,敏感性为90.00%,特异性为96.84%。结论预测公式有较好的实用价值,公式中各项系数还可随病例数增加进行修正。     

严重腰骶段结核的手术治疗

目的　探讨严重腰骶段结核手术治疗的方法及疗效。方法　回顾性分析本院 1998年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 1月治疗的严重腰骶段结核 18例。男性 12例 ,女性 6例 ,年龄 2 1～ 6 4岁 ,平均 4 2岁。病变部位 L5～S1 2例 ,L4 ～ S1 6例 ,伴有一侧或双侧腰大肌脓肿。术前抗痨治疗至少 2周以上 ,采用后路椎弓根内固定融合 前路病灶清除植骨融合的方法。结果　平均手术时间 2 6 0 min,平均失血量 12 0 0 m L。创口全部愈合。随访 16例 ,平均随访时间 18个月 ,植骨块无滑脱 ,骨性融合时间 6个月 ,无内固定松动 ,无腰痛及功能受限 ,无病灶复发。 1例因术中植骨块嵌入骶管压迫神经致足下垂 ,随访时未见恢复。结论　严重腰骶段结核应手术治疗 ,采用后路椎弓根内固定融合 前路病灶清除植骨融合的方法疗效确切 ,能达到彻底清除病灶和重建腰骶稳定的目的。     

经腹膜外途径手术治疗腰骶椎结核

目的探讨及总结经腹膜外途径对L5S1结核进行病灶清除手术的方法及治疗效果。方法自2003年5月～2007年2月,经腹膜外途经手术治疗L5S1结核23例。其中19例结核病灶清除、椎间植骨后采用前路腰骶椎自锁钛板固定,另4例仅进行病灶清除、取髂骨椎间植骨手术。所有患者术后卧床3个月,常规抗结核治疗8～12个月,并定期进行复查,根据血沉检查、椎间融合情况确定停药及下地活动时间。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。术后椎间植骨均获得骨性愈合,融合时间5～7个月,无一例术后出现结核复发及术中术后并发症。结论经腹膜外进行L5S1结核病灶清除手术为一种安全、有效的手术途径。在随访期间内,采用和未采用前路钢板固定的腰椎结核患者未见骨性愈合有明显差异。     

腰骶段脊柱结核的手术治疗

目的：探讨腰骶段脊柱结核的手术治疗策略,及其疗效。方法：回顾性分析我科1997～2006年收治的48例腰骶段脊柱结核的病例资料,其中男29例,女19例;年龄22～58岁,平均38．8岁。术前神经功能按Frankel分级：B级1例,C级2例,D级13例,E级32例。腰骶角为18°±3．1°。根据病情采取不同的手术方式,所有患者术前给予4周以上的抗结核化疗,待血红蛋≥100gL,血沉及结核中毒症状改善后行手术治疗,其中一期前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定手术25例,一期后前联合入路手术14例,分期前后入路手术9例。结果：手术时间为130～240min,平均200min。失血量900～2000ml,平均1350ml。术中无大血管、硬膜损伤。术后并发症：慢性窦道形成1例,肠梗阻1例,逆行性射精1例,生殖股神经激惹1例。所有患者均获得随访,平均75．3个月（45-182个月）,术后6个月的植骨融合率为95．8％,术后1年融合率为100％。末次随访时,16例神经损伤者均获得一定好转,术后恢复为：D级2例,E级14例：腰骶角为24°±8．0°;无内固定松动,断裂。参见脊柱结核愈合标准,均获得治愈,无再发。结论：腰骶段脊柱结核因其特殊解剖结构,手术难度较大,只要术前充分准备,以正规抗结核化疗为基础,制定个体化手术方案,完全可取得很好的疗效。     

一期前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的总结一期前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的经验。方法采用一期前路病灶清除、自体植骨、前路内固定治疗胸腰椎结核19例。结果平均随访15个月,脊髓神经功能得到不同程度地恢复,术后平均5.2个月达满意植骨融合,无内固定失败和脊柱结核病灶复发,后凸畸形矫正满意,Cobb角平均23.4°,平均矫正21.3°。结论一期前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术可使病变节段在术后即刻重建稳定性,为脊柱融合和结核病灶的静止提供良好的力学环境,是外科治疗脊柱结核安全、有效的方法。     

Defining Surgical Indications for Type I Gastric Carcinoid Tumor

Background  

Most gastric carcinoid tumors (GC) (type I) occur in association with achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia, atrophic gastritis and exhibit low-grade histopathology. The management of this indolent disease is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate endoscopic surveillance (ES) compare with surgical resection (SR) for type I GC.     

One-Stage Anterolateral Surgical Treatment for Lumbosacral Segment Tuberculosis

Purpose  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes following one-stage anterior radical debridement, interbody fusion, and sacral rod fixation for the treatment of lumbosacral segment tuberculosis.