β-环糊精包结莪术挥发油的技术条件

为提高莪术挥发油生物利用度,研究了β-环糊精包结莪术油的技术参数.以包合物油包结率及包合物收得率为考察指标,运用饱和水溶液包封法进行包结.当V(油):m(β-环糊精):V(水)=1 mL:4 g:60 mL,搅拌时间为2 h时,包合效果最佳,可稳定保持平均油包结率为62.29％.电镜观察证明了包合物的形成,GC-MS色谱分析表明包合前后莪术挥发油的化学组成基本不变.     

番茄红素水溶性包合物的研究

制备了番茄红素-2-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物，测定了包合物的溶解度、稳定性，比较了包合物及番茄红素的紫外吸光光谱变化，差示扫描量热图谱．结果表明：番茄红素与2-HP-8-CD以摩尔比1：4混合，经研磨法包合处理后，2-羟丙基-β-环糊精与番茄红素形成一种新的物相，包合后番茄红素在水中的溶解度增大到0．5mg／mL，包合物在4℃下放置两个月番茄红素基本不损失，稳定性好。     

羟丙基-β-环糊精的结构

用红外光谱法对羟丙基-β-环糊精的结构进行了定性分析,用气相色谱-质谱联用方法,通过对质谱图解析,详细研究了羟丙基-β-环糊精中羟丙基的分布。此羟丙基-β-环糊精以C2位取代为主,计算得到其平均取代度为6.41。     

核磁共振法研究β-环糊精及其衍生物对苯丙氨酸的包和过程

本文采用~1H和~(13)C核磁共振方法,依据化学位移的改变量,系统地研究了β-环糊精及其琥珀酰化衍生物对苯丙氨酸的包和能力以及包和过程运动状态。结果表明苯丙氨酸以苯基为前导经β-环糊精二级羟基口与其发生包和反应;琥珀酰化不但提高β-环糊精对苯丙氨酸的结合能力,而且完全改变了包和过程的结合方式,使得苯丙氨酸以α碳为前导经二级羟基口与β-环糊精产生包和。     

海洋鱼油β-环糊精包合物中EPA和DHA含量的测定

用气相色谱法进行海洋鱼油β 环糊精包合物中主要有效成分EPA和DHA的定量分析 ,使之能够定量添加至奶粉中 .本研究的色谱分离效果好 ,实验回收率 97.67%～ 98.3 1 % ,变异系数0 .9%～ 2 .1 % .此外 ,探讨了在不同的包合条件下海洋鱼油和β 环糊精的包合情况 .     

中药栀子超临界萃取物的挥发性成分研究

研究了栀子萃取的最佳工艺条件及其挥发油中的化学成分。以L9（3^4）正交设计对超临界萃取条件进行优化，GC-MS联用技术对挥发性成分进行定性及半定量分析。结果显示：55℃，35MPa，120min的萃取条件下挥发性成分的收率最高，超临界萃取产物的主要成分为亚油酸，棕榈酸，反，反-2，4-癸二烯醛，而传统水蒸汽蒸馏工艺下主要成分为反，反-2，4-癸二烯醛。与水蒸汽蒸馏工艺相比较。超临界流体萃取工艺且有革取率高。生产周期短的优点．     

莪术挥发油的提取工艺和主要成分测定

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取莪术挥发油 ,通过正交试验设计法优选获取莪术挥发油的技术参数 ,结果表明 ,以药材粗粉为原料 ,按m (药材 )∶m (水 ) =1∶8加水 ,蒸馏 8h ,药材出油得率平均可达2 .5 1% ,该工艺稳定、可靠 .莪术挥发油的GC MS分析确定其主要成分为倍半萜类化合物     

酶法回收胆固醇-β-环糊精包合物中的胆固醇

霉菌淀粉酶能有效地水解制备低胆固醇蛋制品时所生成的副产物胆固醇－β－环糊精包合物中的α－１，４糖苷键．霉菌淀粉酶水解胆固醇－β－环糊精包合物的最佳条件为底物质量浓度１５ ｇ／ｄＬ，水解时间３ ｈ，水解温度５６ ℃，ｐＨ ５．２．采用酶法技术从２ ｋｇ 干基胆固醇－β－环糊精包合物中回收制得胆固醇质量分数为８９．５％ 的制品，胆固醇回收率达７２％ ．     

祛风止痛胶囊对关节炎模型大鼠抗炎作用及机制的实验研究

目的：研究中药祛风止痛胶囊对关节炎模型大鼠的关节炎症、肿胀、结构破坏的影响,探讨其抗炎作用机制。方法：50只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组：正常对照组,模型组,祛风止痛胶囊低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。除正常对照组外,其他4组应用Ⅱ型胶原-弗氏完全佐剂诱导大鼠关节炎,用祛风止痛胶囊连续灌胃给药2周进行治疗,测量大鼠后肢足爪体积,观察大鼠踝关节组织病理学变化,并用ELISA方法检测大鼠血清中白细胞介素（IL）10、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）α的含量。结果：与模型组比较,祛风止痛胶囊降低了大鼠后足爪肿胀程度。大鼠踝关节组织病理学变化显示,祛风止痛胶囊减轻滑膜组织的异常增生,炎性细胞浸润呈剂量依赖性的降低;大鼠血清中促炎细胞因子TNFα的水平变化不明显,而抑制炎症的细胞因子IL10水平明显升高。结论：中药祛风止痛胶囊通过上调抑制炎症的细胞因子IL10的水平而抑制了大鼠关节炎的滑膜增生和软骨的破坏,提示祛风止痛胶囊可作为类风湿关节炎的治疗药物。     

β-连环素在原发性肝细胞癌中的异常表达及其意义

目的探讨β-连环素(β-catenin)在原发性肝细胞癌发生及发展过程中的异常表达及其意义。方法应用免疫组织化学法检测20例正常肝组织、20例肝炎后肝硬化组织和40例原发性肝细胞癌组织中β-catenin的表达。结果正常肝组织中的β-catenin几乎全部定位表达于细胞膜,细胞质中非常少见。31例患者细胞膜上β-catenin表达缺失,缺失率为77.5%(31/40),26例细胞质中有异位表达,异位表达率为65%(26/40)。4例肝炎后肝硬化患者细胞膜表达缺失,缺失率为20%(4/20),9例细胞质中有异位表达,异位表达率为45%(9/20)。结论β-catenin异常表达对原发性肝细胞癌的发生及发展可能具有重要作用。     

Physical and chemical characterization of allantoin-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex

Solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs have been improved by the preparation as cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. The aim of this study is to obtain and characterize the inclusion compound allantoin-beta-cyclodextrin. Allantoin is a vegetable drug, poorly water-soluble (1:300), isolated from roots of Symphytum off. The solid inclusion complex was prepared by mixing with a adequate quantity of water and drying at 50 degrees C to the constant weight. It was used a different proportions between allantoin and beta-cyclodextrin (1:4, 3:7). The inclusion complex was characterized with RMN and IR spectrum and compared with results obtained from beta-cyclodextrin and allantoin alone. The experimental results were demonstrated the inclusion of allantoin in the lipophilic cavity of beta-cyclodextrin without physico-chemical changes.     

Effect of anesthetics on the self-sustained oscillation in an artificial membrane induced by repetitive conformational change of DOPH molecules between hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases

Purpose. The mechanism of anesthesia was approached from a study of an artificial excitable membrane that well reproduced the active electrical properties of the nerve membrane. Methods. Self-sustained oscillations of the membrane potential in a model membrane in which dioleyl phosphate (DOPH) was infiltrated into the pores of a millipore filter were utilized to investigate the effect of volatile anesthetic agents on the repetitive conformational change of DOPH molecules between hydrophilic multibilayers and hydrophobic oil droplets, while this process was coupled with diffusion of K⁺ across the membrane placed between KCl aqueous solutions. Results. The period of the self-sustained oscillations increased due to the addition of volatile anesthetics to the aqueous solutions, and there were critical values of concentrations of volatile anesthetics above which the self-sustained oscillations disappeared. Conclusion. The volatile anesthetic agents affected the hydrophobic oil droplets of the DOPH molecules and impeded their repetitive conformational change between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases, just as local anesthetics had been reported to do. Mari Jibu, Teruo Yamada, and Masahisa Hirakawa were partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research.     

The effects of ethanol on CA(2+) sensitivity in airway smooth muscle

Halothane and other volatile anesthetics relax air-way smooth muscle (ASM) in part by decreasing the amount of force produced for a given intracellular Ca(2+) concentration (the Ca(2+) sensitivity) during muscarinic receptor stimulation. To determine whether this is a unique property of the volatile anesthetics, we tested the hypothesis that ethanol, another compound with anesthetic properties, also inhibits calcium sensitization induced by muscarinic stimulation of ASM. A beta-escin permeabilized canine tracheal smooth muscle preparation was used. Ethanol was applied to permeabilized muscles stimulated with calcium in either the absence or presence of acetylcholine. In intact ASM, ethanol produced incomplete relaxation (approximately 40%) at concentrations up to 300 mM. Ethanol significantly increased Ca(2+) sensitivity both in the presence and the absence of muscarinic receptor stimulation. Although ethanol did not affect regulatory myosin light chain (rMLC) phosphorylation during stimulation with Ca(2+) alone, it decreased rMLC phosphorylation by Ca(2+) during muscarinic receptor stimulation. Ethanol, like volatile anesthetics, inhibits increases in rMLC phosphorylation produced by muscarinic receptor stimulation at constant [Ca(2+)](i). However, despite this inhibition, the net effect of ethanol is to increase Ca(2+) sensitivity (defined as the force maintained for a given [Ca(2+)](i)) by a mechanism that is independent of changes in rMLC phosphorylation. IMPLICATIONS: In permeabilized airway smooth muscle, ethanol, like volatile anesthetics, inhibits increases in regulatory protein phosphorylation caused by stimulation of the muscle when intracellular calcium concentration is constant. However, unlike volatile anesthetics, ethanol causes a net increase in force through a process not dependent on protein phosphorylation, an action favoring bronchoconstriction.     

歙白术木质部与韧皮部挥发油成分比较研究

目的对歙白术挥发油成分进行研究,探讨白术药材中挥发油的分布规律。方法采用组织化学和GC-MS对歙白术韧皮部、木质部所含挥发油进行研究。结果韧皮部中油室分布较木质部为多;木质部中挥发油共分离出51个峰,共鉴定出38种化合物;韧皮部共分离出47个峰,鉴定出化合物27种。结论歙白术药材的不同部位中挥发油成分差异较大,但相对含量最高的成分均为苍术酮,白术根茎中韧皮部与木质部的比例可作为评价白术药材质量优劣的参考依据之一。     

Use-Dependent Conduction Block Produced by Volatile General Anesthetic Agents

The ability of a tertiary amine local anesthetic, barbiturates, and several volatile general anesthetics to block conduction of the compound action potential was measured in the frog sciatic nerve. Action potentials from large myelinated fibers were monitored using a desheathed nerve preparation in a sucrose-gap chamber. Supramaximal stimuli were applied over a range of stimulus frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 500 Hz. All three anesthetic agents produced a phasic, frequency-dependent anesthetic block, which developed with repetitive stimulation and returned to a tonic level when the nerve remained at rest. Saxitoxin produced a frequencyindependent block. The frequency-dependent conduction blocks produced by the tertiary amine anesthetic and by the barbiturates were potentiated by elevated Ca²⁺ in the solution bathing the nerve, but Ca²⁺ changes did not modify the block produced by any of the volatile anesthetics, so the latter agents probably art by a diffrent mechanism than local anesthetics or barbiturates.     

Comparative Nonunion Rates in Triple Arthrodesis

The contemporary literature is unclear regarding the joint that is most “at risk” to yield a nonunion in the performance of triple arthrodesis of the foot. There is also a debate regarding the best methods of joint preparation. A retrospective radiographic review was conducted of all primary triple arthrodeses performed within in a Northern California health maintenance organization between January 2007 and June 2013. Data documenting joint preparation techniques were collected, and postoperative imaging was reviewed to measure time to osseous union. Patient demographics were also collected. One hundred fifty-two patients (157 procedures) met the inclusion criteria. The overall nonunion rate for triple arthrodesis in this series was 29.9% (47/157). The nonunion rate of the talonavicular joint was 20.4% (32/157); the nonunion rate of the calcaneocuboid joint was 17.2% (27/157); and the nonunion rate of the subtalar joint was 8.9% (14/157). In conclusion, we found the most likely joint to obtain nonunion during triple arthrodesis was the talonavicular joint. Furthermore, the most efficacious joint preparation technique was a combination joint resection or curettage with fish scaling.     

肠道准备方法对膀胱癌患者术后肠道清洁度和药物服用依从性的影响

目的 分析不同肠道准备方法对膀胱癌患者术后药物治疗的影响.方法 选择2013年10月至2014年11月来本院治疗膀胱癌的患者84例,随机分成对照组和研究组,各42例.两组均采用常规肠道准备方法,对照组同时服用蓖麻油后灌肠,研究组同时服用聚乙二醇电解质+蓖麻油后灌肠,观察两组肠道准备效果.结果 研究组肠道清洁情况明显优于对照组,不良反应发生率明显少于对照组,术后用药依从性明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对膀胱癌患者采用常规肠道准备方法加聚乙二醇电解质+蓖麻油后灌肠效果更明显,能有效地减少肠道准备时不良反应的发生率,提高肠道清洁度及术后用药的依从性,可作为膀胱癌患者术前肠道准备的首选方法.     

In vitro effects of a chlorhexidine controlled delivery system

The aim of this work was study the effect of the chlorhexidine : hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CLX : HP-beta-CD) inclusion compound (IC) on in vitro slabs of bovine dentine. The substantivity, antimicrobial activity, and morphological effect of this inclusion compound were evaluated. Cyclodextrin improves the physical-chemical and pharmacological properties of drugs. Fragments of bovine dentine were immersed into either IC serial solutions at 0.24%, 0.12%, 0.06%, 0.03%, 0.015%, and 0.008% or controls water and free chlorhexidine. The desorption kinetics showed that CLX : HP-beta-CD compound release CLX for 6 days in a rate flow near to zero-order profile in comparison to plain CLX. Antimicrobial activity tests showed that CLX : HP-beta-CD inhibited A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. mutans significantly. The morphological effect studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that CLX : HP-beta-CD did not cause morphological changes to the slab's surface. It is concluded that the chlorhexidine : hydroxypropyl-beta-CD inclusion compound creates an effective controlled release system with biological activity and that it may act as a good prevention and control agent of caries and periodontal disease in vivo.     

HPLC法测定盐酸氯丙嗪片的含量

目的建立测定盐酸氯丙嗪片含量的方法。方法采用HPLC法,C8柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）;流动相为乙腈-0.5%三氟醋酸（用四甲基乙二胺调节pH值至5.3）（50︰50）;检测波长为254nm。结果盐酸氯丙嗪在3.29～49.35μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9996）,平均回收率为99.00%,RSD=0.43%。结论本方法简便、快速、准确,专属性强,可作为盐酸氯丙嗪片的含量测定方法。