电话话筒盖曲面重构设计的方法研究

介绍基于NURBS曲面造型的电话话筒盖面反求设计方法。通过分析电话话筒盖面形状特征 ,提出采用等间距扫描采样方法进行数据采集 ,并将曲面简化成截面曲线模型 ,进行特征线NURBS曲线拟合 ,为NURBS曲面造型提供了合理化数据     

基于涡轮叶片有限元分析离散数据点的NURBS曲面重构

为解决有限元方法产生的三角网格数据不利于进行后续的曲面编辑和加工的问题，提出了一套算法将有限元网格逼近为造型和加工常用的NURBS曲面。首先对有限元网格进行预处理，提取出边界曲线并构造出初始曲面；通过基于曲率的自由曲面抽样网格规划方法，将海量离散数据点进行压缩及建立四边域网格，方法具有自组织和压缩比率用户可控等特点；采用迭代逼近的方法进行NURBS曲面拟合，在保证拟合精度的前提下提高了曲面光顺性。对真实叶片数据的处理证明了算法的实用性。     

NURBS曲面结构与分面策略

复杂的曲面需要将面拆分成多块,然后再将曲面搭接成需要的连续性级别即可.基于NURBS标准4边结构与特殊状态的3边曲面结构、周期曲面、封闭曲面、修剪面等非4边结构,提出复杂造型NURBS曲面拆分为基础曲面与混合曲面的分面策略及分面时应注意的问题.并结合实际案例,分析同一造型的曲面的2种不同分面思路.     

变双曲圆弧齿线圆柱齿轮齿面重构与误差分析

为建立变双曲圆弧齿线圆柱齿轮的数字化模型,提出一套基于NURBS的曲线曲面数字化造型方法。利用基于啮合原理推导的齿面方程获得齿面数据点,对这些数据点进行双三次NURBS齿面重构,建立相应齿面的三维参数化模型,最后对参数化模型进行误差分析。基于实例,探究型值点、首末端切矢以及切矢模长的选取对重构齿面拟合误差的影响。重构后的齿面拟合误差在mm的数量级,满足工程使用要求。此三维实体模型构建方法的提出为针对该齿轮的RTCA及LTCA的研究奠定了一定的基础。     

变双曲圆弧齿线圆柱齿轮齿面重构与误差分析

为建立变双曲圆弧齿线圆柱齿轮的数字化模型,提出一套基于NURBS的曲线曲面数字化造型方法。利用基于啮合原理推导的齿面方程获得齿面数据点,对这些数据点进行双三次NURBS齿面重构,建立相应齿面的三维参数化模型,最后对参数化模型进行误差分析。基于实例,探究型值点、首末端切矢以及切矢模长的选取对重构齿面拟合误差的影响。重构后的齿面拟合误差在mm的数量级,满足工程使用要求。此三维实体模型构建方法的提出为针对该齿轮的RTCA及LTCA的研究奠定了一定的基础。     

给定精度条件下的Catmull-Clark细分曲面求交研究

细分曲面由于没有整体解析表达式,与参数、隐式曲面相比求交更加困难。针对基于平面四边形网格的Catmull-Clark细分曲面,在给定精度条件下,把对细分曲面的求交转化为对一定细分层次控制网格的求交:首先构造两张控制网格上相交四边形网格带及其1-邻域网格带,然后不断细分相交四边形网格带及其1-邻域网格带,提高求交精度,其次求解出相交四边形网格的交点,并根据拓扑关系将其顺序连接起来既得到两细分曲面之间的相交曲线,实现了细分曲面的求交。     

基于光学三维扫描的逆向工程与数控加工

使用3D Camega三维扫描仪对鼠标的外表面进行多视角的光学三维扫描测量,获得多个点云,在Geomagic Studio软件中进行点云处理、三角面处理,构建出模型的细化曲面和网格线,并生成NURBS曲面,在UG NX软件中构建出鼠标上表面的模具型面并进行数控铣削加工,实现基于三维扫描的快速曲面构建及制造的全过程.     

模具型面设计中曲面快速延拓技术研究

针对飞机零部件模具设计过程中遇到的曲面延拓困难问题,提出了以B样条双向蒙皮造型技术对曲面进行重构,进而实现曲面快速延拓的新方法,并基于CATIA开发了钣金模具型面辅助设计工具,实现了复杂曲面的快速延拓,可提高航空钣金件模具的设计效率。     

基于NURBS直纹面拟合敏感点的空间凸轮侧铣刀轨算法优化

基于NURBS直纹面拟合敏感点的空间凸轮侧铣刀轨算法优化原理,提出了拟合误差敏感点的选择方法,根据NURBS曲面重构的原理,将曲面曲率最值点和拟合误差最大点定义为理论加工刀轨曲面误差敏感点。利用曲率敏感点,在理论非等径刀轨曲面规划离散网格,得到初始数据点。通过最小二乘优化方法重构NURBS刀轨直纹面,再根据误差敏感点定义的等参数曲线来调整刀轨直纹面形状。构建了理论加工误差模型,并通过实例的仿真计算和数值模拟说明了该算法的有效性。     

基于Cimatron E11的汽车转向球头销锻模加工刀具路径优化

对锻压模具型腔NURBS曲面数控加工刀具的路径进行优化。介绍了刀具路径的优化处理过程,运用Pro/E软件对汽车传动件锻压模具曲面进行造型,应用Cimatron E11软件进行数控加工编程。后置处理后生成更合理的加工程序,提高了复杂曲面零件加工的表面质量,为复杂曲面类零件的数控加工提供参考。     

Quadrilateral mesh generation on trimmed NURBS surfaces

An automatic mesh generation scheme with unstructured quadrilateral elements on trimmed NURBS surfaces has been developed. In this paper NURBS surface geometries in the IGES format have been employed to represent geometric models. For unstructured mesh generation with quadrilateral elements, a domain decomposition algorithm employing loop operators has been modified. As for the surface meshing, an indirect 2D approach is proposed in which both quasi-expanded planes and projection planes are employed. Sample meshes for complex models are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm.     

A new surface parameterization method based on one-step inverse forming for isogeometric analysis-suited geometry

In an attempt to construct an isogeometric analysis-suited geometry for isogeometric analysis, a new surface parameterization method using the one-step inverse forming (SPIA) is proposed. Initial generation of watertight analysis-suitable geometry (NURBS surfaces) with complex shapes can be a significant bottleneck for isogeometric analysis because computer-aided design models often include ambiguities such as gaps and overlaps. Most of traditional surface parameterization techniques are based on geometric method and limited to finite meshes, while SPIA is a physics-based method using sheet metal forming technique with large elastic–plastic deformation and robust enough and rapid to deal with the finite elements mesh with over 100,000 nodes within 2 min without the necessity to simplify the meshes. Using Coons surface parameterization, global mesh parameterization, and NURBS reconstruction, we can rebuild new computer-aided design models with errors under any tolerance to which isogeometric analysis can be applied. The NURBS surfaces after reconstruction are also used for computer-aided manufacturing.     

An experimental study of contact pressure distribution in panel stamping operations

This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic contact pressure distribution at the sheet metal-tooling interface in normal and defective panel stamping operations. Specifically, the stamping of a 1.27?×?20?×?15?cm rectangular aluminum alloy panel has been simulated using finite-element modeling methods. The modeling results are leveraged to determine the forces acting on sensors embedded in the die structure. Based on these results, a customized stamping test bed has been designed, which incorporates an array of force sensors embedded into the stamping die to enable online measurement of the forces in the die. The force measurements are processed by the thin plate spline numeric surface interpolation method to evaluate a continuous contact pressure distribution map of the die cavity. The pressure distribution in the die cavity in normal and defective scenarios has been presented along with a suggested volume thresholding method for automated defect detection. By leveraging the numeric surface generation method to analyze experimental data, the present study establishes the basis for intelligent tooling and in-process monitoring for improved observability in sheet metal stamping.     

复杂型面板料件冲压仿真有限元建模技术研究

探讨了具有复杂型面的大型板料件冲压仿真有限元建模过程中的一些关键技术问题。针对此类零件具有几何形状复杂的特点 ,利用造型功能强大的三维造型软件对由扫描测量机测到的离散数据进行拟合和光顺处理 ,得到零件的精确曲面 CAD模型 ,然后通过标准数据转换接口 ,将 CAD模型转入仿真软件的前处理器中 ,再利用软件的曲面网格划分功能对其进行网格划分 ,最终建立起冲压仿真所需的有限元模型。以轿车门内板冲压仿真有限元模型建模为例 ,说明了复杂型面板料件冲压仿真有限元建模技术的实际应用。     

The effects of machining process variables and tooling characterisation on the surface generation

The paper presents a novel approach for modelling and simulation of the surface generation in the machining process. The approach, by integrating a dynamic cutting force model, regenerative vibration model, machining system response model and tool profile model, models the complex surface generation process. Matlab Simulink is used to interactively perform the simulation in a user-friendly, effective and efficient manner. The effects of machining variables and tooling characteristics on the surface generation are investigated through simulations. CNC turning trials have been carried out to evaluate and validate the approach and simulations presented. The proposed approach contributes to comprehensive and better understanding of the machining system, and is promising for industrial applications with particular reference to the optimisation of the machining process based on the product/component surface functionality requirements.     

G180型柴油机油箱冲压成形过程研究

首先叙述了钣金冲压过程中出现缺陷的影响因素,以G180型柴油机油箱为例,具体介绍了其选材、模具设计、工艺等设计制造过程,并着重分析了其在冲压制造过程中所存在的问题及解决办法,为其他板料冲压制造提供了设计素材和处理出现缺陷的经验。     

Fast freeform hybrid reconstruction with manual mesh segmentation

In this paper, we presented a method for fitting large B-spline topological surfaces on freeform polygon mesh generated from cloud data of objects. The mesh has been manually segmented and large surfaces are fitted on segments in a hybrid approach, i.e., combination of geometric subdivision and non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) interpolation which is an emerging research space. An interpolation method has been proposed to parameterize dense cloud data of any complexity level with capability of handling occluded regions. All junctions are treated with trimming of NURBS surfaces with C ⁰ and C ¹ continuities between adjacent patches. This scheme amalgamated process knowledge of reconstruction on segmented and subdivided point cloud data, various NURBS geometry options and junction treatment resulting in faster high-quality reconstruction. Apart from manual segmentation, almost the entire process is automatic which generated superior quality surface models. Pawn, Stanford Bunny, and human head clouds with occluded surface zones are used for tryout and resulting shapes are recorded in initial graphics exchange specification (IGES) files.     

A new approach to generating arc length parameterized NURBS tool paths for efficient three-axis machining of smooth, accurate sculptured surfaces

With the development of a new function of computer numerical control controllers, nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) interpolation, NURBS tool path generation for sculptured surface machining is under extensive research. The common procedures of the current NURBS tool path planning methods are as follows: first, to find a group of cutter contact points on a sculptured surface; second, to calculate their corresponding cutter locations (CLs); then, to fit a NURBS tool path to the CLs within a prescribed tolerance; and finally, to inspect the tool path for possible gouge by the tool and delete the invalid path segments, if any. However, the NURBS tool path has the following problems: (a) although it passes through the discrete CLs of the theoretical CL path, the deviation along the two paths could be larger than the tolerance; (b) its parameter is not the arc length of the path; and (c) it is difficult to detect gouge along the NURBS path and to remove the invalid segments from it. Consequently, NURBS tool paths generated with the current methods of commercial computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software cannot be used to make smooth and accurate surfaces. To address these problems, this work proposes a new approach to generating arc length parameterized NURBS tool paths with high accuracy in terms of the theoretical CL paths and without gouge and interference. Two practical examples in this work clearly demonstrate the feasibility of this approach and the advantages of the generated NURBS tool paths. Therefore, this approach can be implemented into the CAD/CAM software to promote NURBS machining in industry.     

基于CATIA Analysis的冲压端拾器力学分析及应用

对冲压端拾器的设计进行了理论分析,将工程分析加入设计过程,使端拾器的设计建立在虚拟验证的基础上,提高了端拾器的设计质量。首先分析了端拾器的结构特征;然后建立端拾器的有限元模型;最后基于CATIACAAAutomation二次开发技术,实现端拾器的自动力学分析模块开发,从而建立完整的端拾器设计仿真系统。