HG80钢及其焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展

为适应大型工程机械焊接用钢需要，对低合金高强度钢HG80及其焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行了研究。结果表明，疲劳裂纹扩展速率对钢板的轧制方向不敏感，焊缝及热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展速率明显低于基材。在排除焊接残余应力导致的裂纹闭合效应后，焊缝及热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展速率与基材相当。     

变幅载荷下的钢板弹簧疲劳裂纹扩展研究

钢板弹簧疲劳裂纹在变幅载荷作用下的扩展预测模型主要是Schütz疲劳裂纹扩展模型,但此模型未考虑裂纹闭合效应对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响,忽略了参数C和n随应力比的联系,疲劳裂纹门槛值△Kth也只考虑应力比为0的特殊工况.因此对Schütz疲劳裂纹扩展唯象模型进行修正,使修正后的模型各参数物理意义更加明确,适用于不同的工况.并将实车试验所测的应力幅值运用于修正后的模型,表征变幅载荷作用下钢板弹簧疲劳裂纹扩展进程.表明加载幅值增大,疲劳裂纹扩展速率加快,试验结果与模型预测结果良好吻合,为变幅载荷作用下疲劳裂纹扩展速率的计算提供了理论依据.     

应力比对ST 12低碳钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

在不同应力比(R=0.2,-0.3,-1)下对ST12低碳钢板进行疲劳裂纹扩展速率测试,采用Newman裂纹闭合模型分析得到了以有效应力强度因子范围进行表征的裂纹扩展速率曲线。结果表明:不同应力比下ST12低碳钢板的疲劳裂纹扩展速率均随着裂纹长度的增加而增大;当应力强度因子范围一定时,裂纹扩展速率随着应力比的增加而增大;ST12低碳钢断裂时的应力强度因子范围随着应力比的增加而降低;以有效应力强度因子范围表征裂纹扩展速率时,不同应力比下的裂纹扩展速率曲线基本一致,裂纹闭合是导致不同应力比下裂纹扩展速率差异的主要原因。     

980钢焊接接头在谱载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展

对980钢焊接接头在谱载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了初步研究，用980钢焊接接头掉成两种标准CT试件，裂纹分别开在焊缝金属上和焊趾处平行于焊缝方向，在两种谱载荷下进行了疲劳裂纹扩展试验，采用Wheeler模型进行谱载荷作用下裂纹扩展分析。得到焊缝金属的载荷延滞效应明显，而焊趾处金属的载荷延滞效应不明显的初步结论。     

T型焊接接头的抗疲劳裂纹扩展设计研究

针对焊接机械结构中出现的焊接接头疲劳断裂现象,从裂纹扩展的角度分析结构参数对结构疲劳强度的影响情况,为进行焊接结构的抗疲劳设计提供依据。建立了含表面裂纹T型焊接接头的有限元模型,采用扩展有限元法计算外载荷作用下的裂纹尖端应力强度因子,探寻T型焊接接头的结构参数发生变化时,对相同载荷条件下表面裂纹应力强度因子的影响规律。采用研究结果指导T型焊接接头的设计,提高焊接机械结构的疲劳强度和可靠性,降低断裂事故的发生。     

16Mn钢焊接件疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究

本文研究了16Mn 钢焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展特性。结果表明:影响焊接接头裂纹扩展速率的因素是焊接接头的残余应力和金相显微组织。当应力比 R<0.6时,残余应力是影响焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的主要因素,显徽组织次之;当应力比达到0.6时,残余应力影响减弱。根据实验结果提出了焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的预测模型,与实测结果相近,具有一定的实用价值。     

疲劳载荷作用下裂纹扩展速率的研究

主要研究含裂纹构件在具有不同应力比与不同加载频率的疲劳载荷作用下裂纹扩展速率公式新的表现形式。运用新裂纹扩展速率公式,定量地计算出具有不同应力比与不同加载频率的疲劳载荷作用下线弹性裂纹的扩展速率。综合考虑了疲劳作用应力,裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化幅值,总结出新裂纹扩展速率公式的适用范围,检验了新裂纹扩展速率公式的准确性和实用性。     

不同粉尘颗粒对7N01-T6铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响机理

采用疲劳裂纹扩展试验、扫描电镜准原位观察等方法,研究了不同粉尘(扬尘和煤尘)颗粒对7N01-T6铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响机理。结果表明：在应力比0.1、应力强度因子范围小于18 MPa·m^1/2的裂纹扩展阶段,扬尘和煤尘颗粒环境下铝合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率明显低于空气环境下,且煤尘颗粒环境下的裂纹扩展速率最低,这是由于煤尘颗粒的尺寸明显大于扬尘颗粒,加剧裂纹闭合效应所致;随着应力比增至0.5后,粉尘颗粒环境下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率与空气环境下的差异减小,这与裂纹闭合效应随应力比增加而弱化有关;粉尘颗粒增加了裂纹闭合间隙,促进裂纹闭合效应,同时导致裂纹尖端产生大量的滑移带以及微裂纹,极大消耗扩展能量,从而降低裂纹扩展速率。     

U76NbRE钢轨钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的试验分析

应用MTS试验机进行U76NbRE钢轨钢裂纹扩展速率试验,利用静态模型和Paris公式分析U76NbRE钢轨钢裂纹扩展速率试验数据.结果表明,可以利用静态模型获得的疲劳裂纹扩展速率公式计算指定应力强度因子幅下的裂纹扩展速率.     

焊接残余应力对压力容器疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

本文引用了有效应力强度因子幅值和裂纹张开率的概念,通过应力比的变化给出了焊接残余应力对压力容器疲劳裂纹扩展的影响系数。     

Corrosion fatigue characteristics in the weld of multi-pass welded A106 Gr B steel pipe

In order to investigate the corrosion fatigue characteristics in the weld of multi-pass welded A106 Gr B steel pipe, corrosion fatigue tests were performed under the various stress ratios and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature. The corrosion fatigue characteristic curves were represented using crack closure concept. The obtained results are as follows ; when the load frequency is 1.0 Hz, the crack opening point is transited in the region of K_max=20-32 MPa-msu1/2. In the low stress intensity factor range, the crack opening point is higher than that in air. However, in the high stress intensity factor range, it is lower than that in air. In the cases of 0.1 Hz and 0.01 Hz, the crack opening point gradually decreases to K(min) with K_max increase.     

疲劳近门槛值区裂纹扩展模式变化的试验研究

利用扫描电镜观察疲劳门槛值区试样的裂纹表面形貌,研究了疲劳门槛值区裂纹扩展模式的分布,分析了裂纹扩展模式的变化对疲劳裂纹扩展速率da／dN的影响。结果表明,断口形貌存在面型断裂（沿晶或穿晶）（Faceted Fracture,FF）,面型断裂分数（Percentageof Faceted Fracture,PFF）最大值出现在循环塑性区尺寸接近原始奥氏体晶粒直径时。通过比较循环塑性区尺寸与晶粒尺寸,随着应力强度因子幅值AK的降低,裂纹先以辉纹型模式扩展,在PFF达到最大值后,裂纹以晶体学模式扩展。辉纹型模式扩展时,PFF的变化对da／dN影响不大;晶体学模式扩展时,由于FF诱发裂纹闭合,从而降低da／dN。     

使用恒Kmax方法测试物理小裂纹门槛值研究

大量研究表明长裂纹和物理小裂纹扩展行为差异的主要原因是由于裂纹闭合程度不同造成的,消除裂纹闭合效应影响后的长裂纹与小裂纹的裂纹扩展行为应趋于一致.文中使用恒Kmax/增Kmin值降低△K的试验方法来测试裂纹扩展门槛值.此方法在测出△Kth时应力比R已经很高,实际上已不存在裂纹闭合效应的影响.通过对比试验结果表明,恒Kmax法测试长裂纹扩展门槛值能有效去除裂纹闭合效应的影响,用测得的门槛值近似表述小裂纹门槛值,能给出偏于保守的结果.     

Optimisation Method for Determination of Crack Tip Position Based on Gauss-Newton Iterative Technique

In the digital image correlation research of fatigue crack growth rate,the accuracy of the crack tip position determines the accuracy of the calculation of the stress intensity factor,thereby affecting the life prediction.This paper proposes a Gauss-Newton iteration method for solving the crack tip position.The conventional linear fitting method provides an iterative initial solution for this method,and the preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used to solve the ill-conditioned matrix.A noise-added artificial displacement field is used to verify the feasibility of the method,which shows that all parameters can be solved with satisfactory results.The actual stress intensity factor solution case shows that the stress intensity factor value obtained by the method in this paper is very close to the finite element result,and the relative error between the two is only-0.621％;The Williams coefficient obtained by this method can also better define the contour of the plastic zone at the crack tip,and the maximum relative error with the test plastic zone area is-11.29％.The relative error between the contour of the plastic zone defined by the conventional method and the area of the experimental plastic zone reached a maximum of 26.05％.The crack tip coordinates,stress intensity factors,and plastic zone contour changes in the loading and unloading phases are explored.The results show that the crack tip change during the loading process is faster than the change during the unloading process;the stress intensity factor during the unloading process under the same load condition is larger than that during the loading process;under the same load,the theoretical plastic zone during the unloading process is higher than that during the loading process.     

航空发动机涡轮盘用GH4133B合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

材料的疲劳寿命由裂纹形成寿命和扩展寿命两部分组成。针对航空发动机涡轮盘用GH4133B合金,进行室温下不同应力比的疲劳裂纹扩展试验,测试疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值。Paris公式回归分析结果表明,裂纹扩展速率随应力强度因子和应力比的增大而增大,含门槛值的修正Paris公式能精确描述疲劳裂纹扩展行为。利用光学显微镜在线观测裂纹扩展路径,并利用扫描电镜考察试样断口微观形貌。结果发现,随应力强度因子增大,裂纹扩展路径由平直变得曲折。在疲劳裂纹萌生区、稳定扩展区和快速扩展区,断裂表面依次呈现为解理断裂、疲劳条带和沿晶韧窝混合断裂模式。基于断口反推理论反推载荷和裂纹扩展方程,结果表明,利用反推方程预测疲劳裂纹的扩展,可有效防范疲劳断裂的发生。     

一种基于裂尖损伤区的裂纹扩展模型

提出了“裂尖损伤区”的概念,通过解析闭合模型对裂尖损伤区的应力应变历程进行了分析,应用累积损伤理论建立了一个用于分析变幅载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的模型。应用本模型计算了不同载荷谱下的裂纹扩展寿命,通过与试验结果的比较,表明本文的方法具有精度高、经济实用的特点,适合工程应用。     

A probabilistic analysis on variability of fatigue crack growth using the markov chain

Understanding the stochastic properties of variability in fatigue crack growth is important to maintaining the reliability and safety of structures. In this study, a stochastic model is proposed to describe crack growth behavior considering the variability of fatigue crack growth rates due to the heterogeneity of material. Fatigue life distribution is then predicted based on this model To construct this model, fatigue tests are conducted on a high strength aluminum alloy 7075 T6 under constant stress intensity factor range control. The variability of fatigue crack growth rates is expressed by random variablesZ and Γ based on the variability of material constantsC andm of the Paris-Erdogan equation. The distribution of fatigue life under constant stress intensity factor ranges is evaluated by the stochastic Markov chain model based on the Paris-Erdogan equation. The merit of the proposed model is that only a small number of tests are required to determine this function, and fatigue life required to reach certain crack length at a given stress intensity factor range can be easily predicted. Department of Mechanical Design and Production Eng.     

对2024铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行预测

通过二维弹塑性有限元计算得到Ⅰ型静态裂纹在常幅疲劳载荷下裂纹尖端塑性应变能,进而获得裂纹尖端塑性应变能和应力强度因子幅值的非线性关系;根据能量平衡概念,建立了裂纹扩展速率与裂纹尖端塑性应变能的关系。由此得到一种基于裂纹尖端塑性应变能的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测模型,利用该模型预测了中心裂纹平板的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,预测结果与试验值吻合得很好。     

Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Ti-6Al-4V Considering the Effects of Fracture Toughness and Crack Closure

Fatigue fracture is one of the main failure modes of Ti-6A1-4V alloy,fracture toughness and crack closure have strong effects on the fatigue crack growth(FCG)rate of Ti-6A1-4V alloy.The FCG rate of Ti-6A1-4V is investigated by using experimental and analytical methods.The effects of stress ratio,crack closure and fracture toughness on the FCG rate are studied and discussed.A modified prediction model of the FCG rate is proposed,and the relationship between the fracture toughness and the stress intensity factor(SIF)range is redefined by introducing a correcting coefficient.Notched plate fatigue tests(including the fracture toughness test and the FCG rate test)are conducted to investigate the influence of affecting factors on the FCG rate.Comparisons between the predicted results of the proposed model,the Paris model,the Walker model,the Sadananda model,and the experimental data show that the proposed model gives the best agreement with the test data particularly in the near-threshold region and the Paris region,and the corresponding calculated fatigue life is also accurate in the same regions.By considering the effects of fracture toughness and crack closure,the novel FCG rate prediction model not only improves the estimating accuracy,but also extends the adaptability of the FCG rate prediction model in engineering.     

恒幅和单峰超载疲劳裂纹尖端区域残余应力场的数值模拟

采用弹塑性有限元方法,对恒幅及不同超载比的单峰超载作用下的裂纹扩展进行有限元模拟.通过模拟得到的裂纹扩展过程中裂尖塑性区及应力(残余应力)场分析产生裂纹闭合的原因以及对裂纹扩展的影响.结果表明,从残余应力角度分析裂纹扩展是可行的,为建立基于残余应力的裂纹扩展模型提供分析基础.