Engagement and Skill Development in Biology Students through Analysis of Art

An activity involving analysis of art in biology courses was designed with the goals of piquing undergraduates’ curiosity, broadening the ways in which college students meaningfully engage with course content and concepts, and developing aspects of students’ higher-level thinking skills, such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. To meet these learning outcomes, the activity had three key components: preparatory readings, firsthand visual analysis of art during a visit to an art museum, and communication of the analysis. Following a presentation on the methodology of visual analysis, students worked in small groups to examine through the disciplinary lens of biology a selection of approximately 12 original artworks related in some manner to love. The groups then developed and presented for class members a mini-exhibition of several pieces addressing one of two questions: 1) whether portrayals of love in art align with the growing understanding of the biology of love or 2) whether the bodily experience of love is universal or, alternatively, is culturally influenced, as is the experience of depression. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative assessment data revealed that the assignment engaged students, supported development of higher-level thinking skills, and prompted meaningful engagement with course material.     

国外孤独症儿童共同注意干预研究综述

共同注意是孤独症儿童的核心缺陷,在孤独症儿童群体中具有基础性、典型性与普遍性。共同注意与儿童的语言、模仿、游戏及社会互动等能力关系密切,积极地对孤独症儿童的共同注意进行干预对其生涯发展意义重大。本文利用PROQUEST和EBSCO两大数据库,搜索了国外2000-2019年间发表的有关孤独症儿童共同注意干预的文献,从研究设计、干预方法及干预结果等方面对相关干预研究的特征进行了分析,并在此基础上为后续干预的展开提出了反思与展望。     

Understanding Variability in Reading Comprehension in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Interactions With Language Status and Decoding Skill

Although it is well recognized that reading skills vary in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), reasons for this variability are not well understood. We used the simple view of reading model to investigate both word decoding and text comprehension processes in two well-established subtypes within the autism spectrum, those with age-appropriate structural language skills and those structural language impairments. Generally, participants with language impairments performed less well than those with age-appropriate language skills. Word-level reading was a relative strength for both groups, although it showed declines with age. Comprehension weaknesses were especially marked among those with poor structural language skills. Reading outcomes in ASD are related to variations both in decoding and comprehension and in the oral language skills that support the development of these processes.     

父母实施孤独症儿童共同注意干预的效果研究

该研究的目的在于,考察父母接受培训后在自然的家庭生活环境中对孤独症儿童实施共同注意干预训练的效果.研究采用多基线设计,通过培训家长对三名平均年龄为46.6月的被试进行为期八周、四个阶段的干预,发现孤独症儿童共同注意行为及社会互动行为均有不同程度的改善.在被试的主动性和响应性共同注意、工具性和交流性共同注意、高强度和低强度刺激下的共同注意三方面,干预效果呈现不同特征且具有个体间差异.通过对结果的讨论,研究分析了促进干预取得成效的因素以及后续研究的方向.     

伽达默尔语言观解读

通过解读伽达默尔哲学诠释学中本体论与诠释学的关系,可见语言在伽达默尔诠释学中的中心作用。继而通过与海德格尔的语言与诠释学的关系思想的比较,有助于我们理解伽达默哲学诠释学理论的内在困境。     

From Interactions to Conversations: The Development of Joint Engagement During Early Childhood

This research traces the development of symbol‐infused joint engagement during mother–child interactions into the preschool years. Forty‐nine children, who had been previously observed as toddlers (L. B. Adamson, R. Bakeman, & D. F. Deckner, 2004 ), were systematically observed during interactions with their mothers at ages 3½, 4½, and 5½ during activities related to the past and future, internal states, and graphic systems. Although the amount of symbol‐infused joint engagement reached a ceiling by 3½, its focus continued to become more complex and its form more balanced. Individual differences in children's symbol‐infused joint engagement were stable across 4 years. These findings highlight both how joint engagement is transformed as conversational skills develop and how it remains rooted in earlier interactions and supported by caregiver's actions.     

Effective Early Literacy Skill Development for Young Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners: An Experimental Study of Two Methods

Ninety-four Spanish-speaking preschoolers ( M age = 54.51 months, SD  = 4.72; 43 girls) were randomly assigned to receive the High/Scope Curriculum (control n =  32) or the Literacy Express Preschool Curriculum in English-only ( n =  31) or initially in Spanish transitioning to English ( n =  31). Children's emergent literacy skills were assessed before and after the intervention in Spanish and English. Children in the English-only and transitional groups made significant gains in their emergent literacy skills in both Spanish and English compared to the control group, The English-only and transitional models were equally effective for English language outcomes, but for Spanish-language outcomes, only the transitional model was effective. The results suggest that a targeted early literacy intervention can improve Spanish-speaking preschoolers' preliteracy skills.     

The Development of Language Constancy: Attention to Native Versus Nonnative Accents

The time frame for infants' acquisition of language constancy was probed, using the phonetic variation in a rarely heard accent (South African English) or a frequently heard accent (American English). A total of 156 Australian infants were tested. Six‐month‐olds looked longer to Australian English than less commonly heard South African accent, but at 9 months, showed similar looking times. With the more frequently heard American accent, 3‐month‐olds looked longer to Australian and American English, whereas 6‐month‐olds looked equally. Together these results imply that in the 1st year, differential attention to native versus nonnative accents decreases as infants develop a sense of language constancy for the common native language. However, experience with the nonnative accent can expedite this process.     

语言发展与语言习得观照下的语感辨析

语能是天生的还是后天养成的？自古以来这个问题一直悬而未决。不同观点归纳起来即两点：一、语言是心智的,一部分是本能、是天生的;二、语言亦属于行为范畴,是刺激反应的结果,是习得的或养成的。理论研究证明语感具有层级性,实证研究证明二语习得范畴下的语感可以通过一定量的训练获得。     

释" 看"——英语课标的新增语言技能

《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》将"看"增列为与听、说、读、写同等重要的语言技能,既是顺应数字媒体时代的发展趋势,也是未来语言人才培养规格的客观要求.本文分析了多元识读素养和多模态交际等理论在指导"看"的教学中的价值,讨论了视觉符号在人类交际和语言学习中所扮演的重要角色,论证了"看"的技能与英语学科素养,特别是思维品质之间的关系,最后结合实际案例,从教材使用和教学设计等层面,系统地阐述了发展语言学习者"看"的技能的策略与途径.     

浅谈课堂提问的设计艺术

课堂提问就是在教学过程中，教师根据一定的教学目标和要求，针对有关的教学内容，设置一系列问题，用以启发学生思考，更好地培养他们的创新能力。提问设计需要注意七个问题和六种方式。     

Sequential Associations Between Caregiver Talk and Child Play in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Development

This study examined sequential associations between child play and caregiver talk in 98 caregiver–child dyads (M_{mental age} = 14 months). Fifty dyads included a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Analyses revealed sequential associations between child play and caregiver follow‐in (FI) utterances (utterances related to the child's attentional focus) were stronger in the ASD as compared to the typically developing (TD) group. FI utterances were more likely to elicit functional play than caregiver‐focused utterances, and more so in the ASD group. Across groups, FI directives were more likely to elicit functional play than FI comments. These findings have important implications for research involving caregiver–child play as an early intervention context for children with ASD.     

自闭症儿童社会技能评估的研究进展

社会技能评估是自闭症儿童诊断、干预计划制定和效果评价的重要基础。本文回顾了自闭症儿童社会技能评估的学习理论及认知理论,系统梳理了行为观察、角色扮演测验等评估方法,并在此基础上提出了自闭症儿童社会技能评估研究进展的建议：进一步界定社会技能概念的外延及内涵;进一步完善角色扮演测验及编制学前自闭症儿童社会技能评估量表;临床评估中需整合各类方法;进一步将社会技能评估应用于临床实践中。     

义务教育中语感培养之刍见

基于中外语文教育名家和义务教育语文新课标对语感的论述，提出在语感教学新时代中，通过语言积累，分阶段、有重点地培养基础语感和文章语感的观点。     

谈现代书法创作中的观念与技巧

本文讨论了现代书法创作中的两大课题：如何看待“观念”和“技巧”。认为理性的思辩需要把传统的、当代的文化形态纳入现代书法创作的视野。如果把现代书法形态看作一种观念．就需要打破具体样式．对资源重新粘合。     

大学生学习投入影响因素的研究——基于学习行为投入、情感投入、认知投入维度

大学生学习投入水平高低是学业成就的重要预测因素。文章通过从学习行为投入、情感投入、认知投入维度分析大学生学习投入的影响因素,给出学习投入影响因素与大学生学习投入之间的关系概念模型,并定量分析了自身因素、人际关系因素、学习环境因素对大学生学习行为投入、情感投入、认知投入维度的主要影响及其影响程度。     

Joint Attention and Conversation in Mother-Infant-Sibling Triads

The current study investigated the general nature of joint attentional and conversational interaction in mother-infant-sibling triads. 9 19-month-old infants and 9 24-month-old infants were videotaped during 20 min of free play with their mothers and preschool-aged siblings around a common activity. Analyses revealed that even 19-month-old infants were capable of participating in triadic interactions and conversations, and that the proportional frequency of both these measures increased with age. Triadic conversations were nearly 3 times longer and elicited nearly twice as many infant turns per conversation as dyadic conversations. Infants were more likely to join into an ongoing conversational topic than to initiate one themselves, and they were more likely to take a turn in those conversations if they were in a joint attentional state with the speaker. Infants were just as likely to respond to a comment or request directed to another person as they were to one directed to themselves, indicating reliable comprehension of language not addressed to them. These results suggest that the mother-infant-sibling interactive context differs in important ways from the mother-infant dyadic context and that it is a richer language learning environment than previously supposed.     

Ecologically Valid Assessments of Attention and Learning Engagement in Media Multitaskers

This paper provides a synthesis of core literature of media multitasking, attention, and learning engagement. The focus, however, is on the ecologically valid assessments examining the depth-biased or breadth-biased attention and learning engagement in the media multitasking environments. We propose novel approaches to assess media multitasking including electroencephalography and virtual reality. We conclude with suggestions for some technology-enhanced and cross-disciplinary research methods for improving studies in this area.