酒泉市番木瓜引种及日光温室栽培技术要点

通过引进台农2号、红妃、日升3个番木瓜品种进行适应性对比试验,观察其果实经济性状、座果特性等,结果表明台农2号和红妃适宜在酒泉市日光温室内栽培,并总结出了日光温室番木瓜栽培技术,以供生产者参考。     

有机肥对“台农16号”菠萝的生长发育及果实品质、产量的影响

以“台农16号”菠萝为供试品种，以不施有机肥（常规复合肥）为CK，以甘蔗尾稍为主要原料的堆肥（T1）、以玉米秸秆为主要原料的堆肥（T2）、以紫云英秸秆为主要原料的堆肥（T3）、以发酵鸡粪为主的有机肥（T4）4个为处理，作为基肥沟施，研究了其对“台农16号”菠萝的相关性状及产量的影响，探索适宜的高效的有机肥。结果表明：施用紫云英秸秆堆肥和发酵鸡粪肥在“台农16号”菠萝营养生长期D叶生长和叶片数量有显著的促进作用，较CK分别增长12.58%和13.74%、22.30%和11.45%；果实形态上，甘蔗尾梢堆肥和玉米秸秆堆肥在果实纵径、果眼数及果心直径的有较明显的增加，但果肉厚度较小，不是适宜类型的有机肥选择；果实品质上，紫云英秸秆堆肥可溶性固形物含量较CK增加最多，增幅11.85%；产量上，紫云英秸秆堆肥和发酵鸡粪肥增产最明显，两者差异明显，分别较CK增产28.07%、29.03%。4种堆肥对“台农16号”菠萝生育期及果实品质和产量均有提高，但综合分析各项数据知：试验处理选择的有机肥中以紫云英秸秆堆肥做基肥综合效用最好     

低温胁迫下番木瓜幼苗对不同浓度氯化钙的生理响应

摘 要：研究低温胁迫下CaCl2对番木瓜幼苗抗寒性的影响,旨在筛选出最佳喷施CaCl2的浓度,提高番木瓜抗寒性,保证幼苗安全越冬提供理论依据和实践依据。以“台农2号”番木瓜幼苗为材料,分别用不同浓度的（100、200、300、400、500 mg /L）CaCl2喷洒番木瓜幼苗,4℃低温胁迫4天,每天测定其第3片功能叶的超氧化物歧化酶( SOD)活性、过氧化物歧化酶(POD)和丙二醛（MDA）含量变化。研究结果表明：施用外源CaCl2提高了幼苗叶片中SOD、POD酶活性且呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,降低了MDA含量的积累呈先下降后上升的变化趋势;在各个浓度处理中,使用300mg/L浓度的CaCl2处理的番木瓜叶片对提高番木瓜幼苗抗寒性效果最好,为最佳使用浓度。     

菜用型和果用型番木瓜表型性状表达差异性分析

本研究通过对3个菜用型和3个果用型番木瓜品种的49个表型性状进行观测,分析菜用型和果用型番木瓜表型性状表达差异性,结果表明：菜用型和果用型番木瓜在“24.果实：纵径”、“27.果实：形状”、“32.果实：单果重”等24个性状上表达结果存在明显差异,且明显差异性状主要集中在果实完熟期,其中“27.果实：形状”、“32.果实：单果重”、“42.果实：中部空腔形状”等17个性状表达结果达到极明显差异。菜用型和果用型番木瓜品种间均在“15.叶柄：花青甙显色强度”、“20.花：花冠长度”、“24.果实：纵径”等14个性状上存在明显差异,可将其确定为菜用型和果用型番木瓜差异化表达的表型性状,并作为区分两者的主要性状,番木瓜DUS测试指南和操作手册可参考玉米DUS测试指南对其中“20.花：花冠长度”、“24.果实：纵径”、“25.果实：横径”等8个表达差异较大的个体测量性状分类型进行分级,以便DUS测试中给予不同类型品种准确描述和科学判定DUS三性结论。菜用型番木瓜品种间均在“2.植株：始花高度”、“4.植株：高度”、“14.叶柄：长度”等4个性状上存在明显差异,可将其作为区分菜用型番木瓜品种的主要性状,修订番木瓜DUS测试指南时可考虑将其作为分组性状或技术问卷性状。     

荜茇酰胺对杧果采后病害和生理指标的影响

以台农1号为试材,研究了荜茇酰胺处理对台农1号杧果（25?℃、RH85%-95%）采后病害和生理指标的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,荜茇酰胺处理能延缓果实硬度下降,抑制果皮可溶性果胶和果实可溶性固形物含量的上升,果实的呼吸高峰和乙烯释放高峰均推迟,抑制了果实转色,延缓了台农1号杧果果实后熟,对炭疽病和蒂腐病2种主要采后病害均具有一定的防治效果。     

芒果不同生育时期果实糖分积累特征及相关代谢酶活性分析

以台农1号为试验材料,在生长过程中测定果实可溶性糖、淀粉含量和蔗糖相关代谢酶及淀粉酶活性,并分析糖组分与果实形态和糖组分与酶活性间的相关性。结果显示：（1）台农1号果实生长呈单“S”型曲线,完熟时纵横经和单果重净增长量分别为5.46 cm、11.45 cm和212.95 g,果实发育前期以积累淀粉为主,葡萄糖和果糖次之,果实完熟后淀粉迅速分解,蔗糖积累量增加,果实形态与可溶性糖含量均呈显著或极显著高度正相关关系。（2）果实中性转化酶和蔗糖合成酶活性较低且变化趋势平缓,酸性转化酶在整个生育时期较活跃,活性呈先增加后降低趋势,采收时活性最强,蔗糖磷酸合成酶在生育前期活性较低,采收时活性迅速增加后略有降低,淀粉酶先迅速升高后逐渐降低。（3）可溶性糖含量与酸性转化酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶及蔗糖合成酶活性相关性较强,但淀粉与以上酶相关性弱,与淀粉酶活性呈显著正相关。综上,芒果生育前期以积累淀粉为主,成熟时淀粉逐渐分解,可溶性糖含量增加,酸性转化酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶是糖积累的关键酶。     

几个优质菠萝品种在广西龙州种植表现

摘　 要: 对引进的台农 16 号、台农17号、金菠萝等菠萝品种与目前广泛栽培的巴厘种进行植株，果实质量性状和数量性状进行分析比较试验。 结果表明, 台农 16 号台农17号商品果率都达到90%，可食率、果汁率、可溶性固形物含量都较高，风味清甜，比较适合代替巴厘种的最好品种。     

不同土壤管理方式对贵妃与台农叶片及果实的影响

通过测定海南省杧果主栽品种“贵妃”与“台农”在清耕、覆草及自然生草条件下的树体（叶片）水分变化、果实的纵横径变化及果实生理指标的变化,来探讨这3种土壤管理方式对贵妃与台农叶片及果实的影响。结果表明,三种处理中,覆草法可以较明显的提高叶片相对含水量（RWC）,还可以提高台农可溶性固形物的含量,更有利于促进果实生长后期的膨大及提高单果重和单产（贵妃单产增加8%,台农增产10%）。覆草法能获得较高的产量和较好的质量,初步认为覆草法比较适合海南主栽杧果品种的生产。     

番木瓜研究进展

番木瓜含丰富的营养成分和生物活性物质,具有极高的食用与药用价值,其产业发展前景十分广阔。因此,国内外从种质资源、育种、栽培管理、保鲜储藏等方面对番木瓜进行了大量研究。种质资源方面,建立了种质资源圃转基因快速检测体系;育种方面,选育出了穗中红、红妃、台农2号等优良品种,建立了“两步法”胚性愈伤诱导体系;栽培管理方面,以黄沙为基质在温室中开展水肥一体化栽培为“南果北种”新兴模式提供了指导依据;保鲜储藏方面,建立了成熟阶段,筛选出了CpACO4、CpPDS、CpXTH30、CpXTH31果实成熟差异表达候选基因。本文结合番木瓜研究现状,提出将番木瓜表型性状多样性分析及遗传基础解析、现代育种研究技术推广应用、关键病害防治技术研究及推广应用等研究内容作为未来重点研究方向,以期为番木瓜的深入研究与开发应用提供参考。     

激素和遮光处理对草莓开花结果的影响

以华香2号为材料,研究了草莓苗喷施多效唑、赤霉素、乙烯利及遮荫处理对花期、植物学和果实性状的影响。结果表明,应用不同浓度的多效唑、乙烯利、赤霉素喷施和遮阴处理均显著提早了花期。本试验中仅20 mg/L赤霉素处理显著降低了果实长度、宽度和重量,且畸形果率增加,其余处理对草莓植物学和果实性状的影响与对照无显著差异。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.