钴分子筛催化剂的制备及其分子筛载体对环己烷氧化选择性的影响

为了考察催化剂载体的孔道结构和择形性能对环己烷部分氧化反应的影响,采用直接水热法制备出了Co/S-1,Co/TS-1以及Co/MCM-41分子筛催化剂.XRD,FT-IR和SEM结果表明合成的样品具有较高的结晶度,晶粒大小均匀,其活性组分钴进入了分子筛骨架.采用氧气为氧化剂,考察了合成的钴催化剂样品对环己烷部分氧化的催化性能,并与CoAPO-5、Co/A l2O3、均相Co(OAc)2.4H2O催化剂以及无催化氧化的结果进行了比较.实验结果表明:分子筛载体能利用其孔道结构和择形性能,降低环己醇(酮)选择性对环己烷转化率的依赖性,且反应的选择性随分子筛载体孔径的增加而下降.孔道较小的Co/TS-1和Co/S-1做催化剂时,过氧化物含量低,环己烷转化率可达5%以上,同时反应总选择性为95%左右.     

一步水热法有效调变锰钾矿中钾含量及其对锰钾矿催化剂氧化还原性和 催化性能的影响

锰钾矿是一种同时具有1×1和2×2孔道的八面体分子筛结构的氧化锰材料.通常情况下, 1×1孔道是空的, 2×2孔道可以被水或者不同的阳离子占据,当占据2×2孔道的阳离子为K~+时即为锰钾矿.据文献报道,锰钾矿被广泛用于不同的催化氧化反应如一氧化碳氧化、亚甲基蓝分解、有机污染物氧化消除和小分子烷烃氧化,并表现出良好的催化性能,这通常被认为是其表面存在的活性氧物种使这类催化剂具有独特的氧化还原性.但是,关于这些活性氧的来源并没有很好的解释,而这对优化锰钾矿的氧化还原性及催化活性非常重要.如上所述,由于孔道中K~+的存在,部分四价锰被还原为三价锰以保持电荷平衡,这意味着锰钾矿中三价锰的含量或者锰的平均价态会随着孔道中K~+含量不同而变化.因此,锰钾矿中钾含量可能对其氧化还原性产生重要影响.然而,最近发表的几篇文献中关于K~+含量对锰钾矿表面活性氧或氧空位影响的结果相互矛盾,因此有必要进一步深入研究K~+含量对锰钾矿材料氧化还原性及催化活性的影响.本文以高锰酸钾作为氧化剂和锰的前驱体,乙醇为还原剂,通过改变水热反应温度(80–120 oC)和乙醇浓度(50–1550mmol/L),用一步水热法成功合成了不同钾含量的锰钾矿和软锰矿纳米材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、物理吸附、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、程序升温脱附(TPD)和程序升温还原(CO-TPR)等表征技术研究了K~+含量对锰钾矿材料结构稳定性和氧化还原性的影响及进一步对一氧化碳催化氧化活性的影响.XRD结果表明,在较低合成温度(80和100 oC)时主要得到锰钾矿,在120 oC并且乙醇浓度较高(960和1550 mmol/L)时主要得到软锰矿.这些不同合成条件下得到的锰钾矿具有不同的结晶度、比表面积及钾含量等性质,根据这些性质,将制备的众多样品分为三组进行讨论.A组是具有高结晶度、中等比表面积(100–135 m~2/g)和高钾含量(～16%)的锰钾矿样品;B组锰钾矿样品结晶度较低,但比表面积高(160–200 m~2/g),钾含量中等(～11%);C组主要是软锰矿结构的氧化锰材料,结晶度高,但比表面积低(13–50 m~2/g),钾含量也低(5%).SEM和TEM结果表明,这三组样品均为大小不同的纳米棒状形貌, DDP分析结果与XRD结果一致, A组和B组中大直径与小直径的纳米棒样品都具有完好的锰钾矿结构.与XRF结果相同, XPS分析也发现A组样品比B组样品具有更高的钾含量,即B组样品的四价锰含量更高.对Mn 3s结合能区域分析,根据文献中报道的锰的平均氧化态公式AOS=8.956–1.126×?E_(3s)计算得到A,B和C组样品的AOS分别为3.73,3.81和3.96.TPD和CO-TPR表明, B组锰钾矿样品比A组更容易释放氧,也更容易被还原.这些结果都表明A组锰钾矿比B组锰钾矿更稳定.而A组样品具有更高的K含量,说明K含量高有利于锰钾矿的稳定性.CO氧化活性实验表明,三组样品的催化活性顺序为BAC.由于三组样品的比表面积差别较大,我们比较了所有样品在75 oC时单位面积上的反应速率.75 oC时, A组锰钾矿几乎没有活性,反应速率为0.与之相反, B组样品的反应速率高于传统回流法制备的锰钾矿参考样品.这些结果表明锰钾矿的高比表面积和更好的氧化还原性是其在CO氧化反应中具有高活性的主要原因.为了进一步研究锰钾矿在低温下释放的氧物种对CO催化氧化的影响,将B组代表样品在500 oC焙烧6 h.与原样品相比, TPD中低温释放的氧消失,另外两个氧气的峰也向高温方向移动了20°C以上.在CO催化氧化实验中, 500 oC焙烧后的样品直到100 oC尚没有催化活性,而原样品在此温度则有38%的转化率.这一结果证明锰钾矿在TPD实验中300 oC左右释放的第一个活性氧物种导致了低温下CO催化氧化的活性.另外,将B组代表样品在含有20%氧气的原料气氛下进行了两个循环的CO氧化反应测试,发现B组样品在高氧气浓度下具有较高的稳定性.综上所述,锰钾矿中的钾含量可以通过改变水热合成温度和乙醇浓度成功地来调控.钾含量较低的锰钾矿样品具有更好的氧化还原性和催化CO氧化活性.而钾含量较高时,锰钾矿结构更稳定,不利于活性氧的释放,因而催化氧化活性较差.     

缓冲体系中高热和水热稳定性的MCM-48介孔分子筛的合成

利用混合阳离子-非离子表面活性剂为模板剂在缓冲体系中成功地合成出具有高热和水热稳定性的MCM-48介孔材料. 通过XRD, N₂吸附-脱附, ²⁹Si MAS NMR和 ³¹P MAS NMR等手段对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 合成的MCM-48材料具有高的比表面积和高度有序的孔道系统. 样品在空气中于900 ℃下焙烧15 h和在600 ℃ 100%水蒸气下处理8～10 h, 仍能保持良好的立方孔道结构, 显示很高的热稳定性和极好的水热稳定性.     

干胶法制备钛硅沸石及其催化性能

以四丙基溴化铵为模板剂,以乙二胺(EDA)为碱源,采用干胶法制备了TS-1,并在此基础上引入介孔/大孔模板剂蔗糖而制备出多级孔道TS-1.采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见光谱及N2物理吸附-脱附等手段对所得样品进行了表征,并考察了它们催化噻吩(Th)及苯并噻吩(BT)氧化反应的性能.结果表明,随着釜底部n(EDA)/n(H2O)比的降低,TS-1结晶度、骨架Ti含量及其在Th氧化反应中的催化活性均升高.而当以乙胺和正丁胺为碱源时,TS-1难以晶化.所制备的多级孔道TS-1样品具有介孔/大孔孔道,在Th氧化反应中的催化活性高于TS-1;对于BT的氧化,当n(sucrose)/n(SiO2)为0.35时,制备的多级孔道TS-1样品的催化活性最高,BT脱除率可达100%,而TS-1则无催化活性.     

介孔分子筛Ti-AlKIT-1的制备、表征与催化性能

分别采用直接(ds)和后合成法(ps)合成含铝的介孔分子筛Al(ds or ps)KIT-1。 以钛酸四丁酯Ti（OEt）4为钛源,将钛嫁接在AlKIT-1表面制备出Ti-AlKIT-1样品。 用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、固体核磁共振(MAS NMR)、固体紫外 可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、能谱(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附对样品进行了表征,并以双氧水氧化环己醇为探针考察了样品的催化活性。 实验结果表明,分子筛Ti-AlKIT-1具有规整的介孔孔道结构,钛进入介孔分子筛骨架而成为四配位的骨架钛,铝的存在形式与样品AlKIT-1的预处理有关,经铵溶液洗涤的Al(ds)KIT-1中没有非骨架铝。 Ti-AlKIT-1在催化双氧水氧化环己醇反应中铝和钛存在明显的协同作用。 样品Ti-Al(ds)KIT-1表现出更高的催化作用,这与其具有较高的比表面积、较大的孔容和较高钛铝比有关,80 ℃反应48 h,重复使用3次后,环己醇的转化率降低至51.3%,仅下降4.31%。     

Co-MCM-41的表征及其催化苯乙烯环氧化性能

 分别采用模板剂离子交换法(TIE法)、水热合成法(DHT法)及浸渍法合成了Co-MCM-41,此催化剂能够在无共还原剂存在条件下催化以氧气为氧化剂的烯烃环氧化反应. 另外考察了催化剂的结构特别是钴的存在状态与催化性能之间的关系,以期能够弄清催化环氧化反应中催化剂活性位的本质. X射线衍射及N2吸附-脱附等结果证实,当导入分子筛中的钴的量在2.2%以下时,所有的Co-MCM-41均具有规整排列的六方孔道结构. 漫反射光谱和H2程序升温还原等结果表明,通过TIE法合成的样品中钴主要以孤立态钴离子(single-site Co(Ⅱ))形式存在,而以DHT法合成的样品中钴主要以微晶态Co2SiO4形式存在,浸渍法合成的样品中则存在大量颗粒状氧化钴. 催化反应结果表明,当钴含量均接近1.0%时,采用 TIE法合成的样品的苯乙烯转化率为45%,而用DHT法和浸渍法合成的样品的苯乙烯转化率均低于30%. 考虑到氧化钴和Co2SiO4的低活性以及DHT法和浸渍法合成样品中可能存在一小部分孤立态钴离子,我们推测MCM-41中的孤立态钴离子是催化活化分子氧发生环氧化反应的高效活性位.     

介孔分子筛MCM-48的室温合成与表面修饰

在室温条件下的碱性介质中合成了介孔分子筛MCM-48，并对其进行了有机官能团表面修饰。利用HRTEM、低温N₂吸附、XRD、TG、IR和NMR等手段对产物进行了结构和性能分析。实验结果表明，合成产物MCM-48具有规则的孔道结构、大比表面积、大孔容和窄分布的孔径。由硅烷试剂表面修饰后的MCM-48，由于有机官能团接枝在MCM-48的内表面，占据了孔道内部空间，使其比表面积、孔容和孔径都减小。     

钯负载介孔氧化锆基复合催化材料的合成与表征

利用表面活性剂辅助模板及适当后处理工艺实现了少量贵金属氧化钯及稀土氧化铈在有序介孔氧化锆孔道中或孔道表面的均匀分散/负载. 借助XRD, TEM, EDS等分析手段进行样品结构表征; 同时针对不同催化体系探讨了丙烯催化氧化以及Heck反应的催化性能. 研究结果表明, 贵金属钯/稀土氧化铈负载的有序介孔氧化锆体系对丙烯氧化具有良好催化活性, 钯直接负载介孔氧化锆的体系具有优异的Heck反应催化选择性及较少的催化剂使用量.     

VPO催化剂制备条件对其催化甲苯氨氧化反应性能的影响

 用浸渍法制备了负载型钒磷氧(VPO)催化剂,并以甲苯氨氧化合成苯甲腈为探针反应,考察了载体、还原剂、P/V比和V2O5负载量对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明,大比表面积SiO2负载的VPO催化剂性能稳定,在高温下也具有较好的选择性. 采用不同还原剂制备的催化剂在反应一段时间后活性趋于一致,表明催化剂活性中心是在反应气氛下形成的. P/V比对催化剂活性和结构影响较大,P的加入破坏了V2O5的晶型结构,使磷酸盐物种从催化剂体相向表面聚集,减少了催化剂表面存在的过度氧化物种O-和O-2的数量,选择性氧化物种晶格氧(O2-)起主要氧化作用,提高了催化剂的选择性. V2O5负载量增大,催化剂活性提高,但生成苯甲腈的选择性降低. 表面单分子层覆盖的VOx可能是反应的活性位和选择性位.     

掺杂TiO2介孔材料的合成与表征

基于溶胶-凝胶过程, 以非表面活性剂有机小分子三乙醇胺为模板剂, 合成了TiO2及Fe3+/V5+-TiO2介孔材料. 利用XRD, TEM, BET, UV-Vis DRS等手段表征了材料的结构、形貌、比表面积、孔径分布及吸光性能. 研究结果表明, 用乙醇萃取法脱除模板剂可形成具有蠕虫状孔道结构的TiO2介孔材料, 而利用焙烧法在450 ℃脱除模板剂时可引起孔道的塌陷. 掺杂Fe3+或V5+可稳定材料的介孔结构, 适宜的掺杂摩尔分数为0.5％. 于450 ℃下焙烧后, 掺杂Fe3+/V5+的TiO2的平均孔径分别为10.5和9.6 nm, 比表面积分别达到103.59和90.80 m2/g. 相对于P25光催化剂, 掺杂Fe3+或V5+的TiO2吸光带边红移至可见光区, 说明掺杂离子在此合成过程中可有效地进入TiO2的晶格结构而引起其微观电子结构的改变.     

An EPR study of thermally and photochemically generated oxygen radicals on hydrated and dehydrated titania surfaces

The formation of a series of oxygen-centred radicals on different TiO₂ samples (P25 and two different rutile materials) under various conditions was investigated using X-band c.w. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The radicals were formed either on thermally-reduced TiO₂, or by UV irradiation of the oxide under an oxygen atmosphere. The nature and stability of the radicals was also explored as a function of surface hydration. On thermally reduced TiO₂, containing surface and bulk Ti³⁺ centres, oxygen adsorption at 300 K results in the preferential formation and stabilisation of O₂ ^- anions on the P25 surface, but O^- and O₃ ^- anions are generated on the rutile surfaces. Superoxide anions (O^-) and trapped holes (O₂ ^-) were also identified after photo-irradiation of the thoroughly dehydrated TiO₂ samples under oxygen. The O^- anions were only visible at low temperatures under continuous irradiation, while the O₂ ^- anions were stable for days at 300 K. By comparison, on fully hydrated surfaces, no stable oxygen centred radicals could be detected on P25, while O₂ ^- anions were easily observed on the rutile surfaces. On partially hydrated P25, the O^-, O₂ ^- and HO₂ anions were detected after UV irradiation at 77 K; all radicals decayed upon warming to 298 K. On partially hydrated rutile, the O^- and O₂ ^- anions were detected and, unlike the case for P25, were found to be stable for days under the same conditions. The results illustrate the varied formation and stability of the oxygen centred radicals on TiO₂ surfaces depending on the pretreatment conditions.     

Recent Advances of ZnCo2O4-based Anode Materials for Li-ion Batteries

ZnCo₂O₄ has been attracted wide research attention as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in recent years based on its high theoretical specific capacity, low toxicity as well as stable chemical properties. However, the further large-scale application of pristine ZnCo₂O₄ anode have been impeded because of its undesirable Li⁺ ion conductivity, low electronic conductivity, and finite stability of electrolytes at high potentials. Recently, optimizing the micro/nano structure, modification with carbonaceous materials, incorporation with metal oxides and constructing a binder-free structure on conductive substrate for ZnCo₂O₄-based materials have been verified as promising effective routes for solving the above problems. In this review, the recent advances in underlying reaction mechanisms, synthetic methods and strategies for improving the performance of ZnCo₂O₄ anodes are comprehensively summarized. The factors affecting the electrochemical properties of ZnCo₂O₄-based materials are mainly discussed, and paths to promote the specific capacity and cyclic stability are proposed. Finally, several insights into the future developments, challenges, and prospects of ZnCo₂O₄-based anode materials of LIBs are proposed.     

Nanostructured Fe2O3–graphene composite as a novel electrode material for supercapacitors

Nanostructured Fe₂O₃–graphene composite was successfully fabricated through a facile solution-based route under mild hydrothermal conditions. Well-crystalline Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with 30–60?nm in size are highly encapsulated in graphene nanosheet matrix, as demonstrated by various characterization techniques. As electrode materials for supercapacitors, the as-obtained Fe₂O₃–graphene nanocomposite exhibits large specific capacitance (151.8?F?g^?1 at 1?A?g^?1), good rate capability (120?F?g^?1 at 6?A?g^?1), and excellent cyclability. The significantly enhanced electrochemical performance compared with pure graphene and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles may be attributed to the positive synergetic effect between Fe₂O₃ and graphene. In virtue of their superior electrochemical performance, they will be promising electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors applications.     

POM‐Catalyzed In Situ Ligand Synthesis for the Construction of Metal Complexes and Their Use in the Formation of Coordination Polymers

Six organic–inorganic hybrid materials were synthesized by the in situ oxidation of neocuproine by using MoO₃/Na₂MoO₄ as the catalyst in the presence of Cu(NO₃)₂. The crystal structures of Mo8‐Cu4‐PHEN and Mo8‐Cu2‐5(2PIC) are composed of [Mo₈O₂₆]^4? polyoxometalate (POM) units, whereas the crystal structure of Mo6‐Cu‐COPHEN is composed of a [Mo₆O₁₉]^2? POM unit; both POM units could be considered as the active form of the catalyst. Reaction of the hybrid materials with 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) resulted in the formation of two different coordination polymers (CPs) under different reaction conditions. These CPs, depending on their structural attributes, exhibit distinct differences in the adsorption of H₂, CO₂, and water. The use of 2‐methylpyridine instead of neocuproine does not give any oxidation products under the same reaction conditions due to the incorrect positioning of the methyl group with respect to the Cu^II center.     

SrFe0.6Cu0.3Ti0.1O3-δ混合导体透氧材料的稳定性

利用柠檬酸络合法制备了SrFe(Cu,Ti)O_3-δ混合导体透氧材料。 采用XRD、O₂-TPD、H₂-TPR、SEM等测试技术考察了材料的稳定性。 结果表明,SrFe_0.7Cu_0.3O_3-δ在低氧压下会发生相分解,产生SrCuO₂杂相,而掺杂Ti后的SrFe_0.6Cu_0.3Ti_0.1O_3-δ在低氧压下保持单一的钙钛矿结构。 H₂-TPR和O₂-TPD的测试表明,Ti⁴⁺的掺杂提高了材料的氧脱附起始温度和其它金属离子的还原温度。 SrFe_0.6Cu_0.3Ti_0.1O_3-δ膜在透氧过程中,会有Cu²⁺和Sr²⁺从钙钛矿结构中析出,在原晶粒边界形成新的小晶粒,但这种轻微的组分偏析没有影响到材料的透氧量,此透氧膜在66 h的操作过程中显示了良好的稳定性。     

Low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide over (Mn1 − x M x )O2 (M = Co, Pd) catalysts

(Mn_{1 ? x} M _x )O₂ (M = Co, Pd) materials synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and dried at 80°C have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and adsorption and have been tested in CO oxidation under CO + O₂ TPR conditions and under isothermal conditions at room temperature in the absence and presence of water vapor. The synthesized materials have the tunnel structure of cryptomelane irrespective of the promoter nature and content. Their specific surface area is 110–120 m²/g. MnO₂ is morphologically uniform, and the introduction of cobalt or palladium into this oxide disrupts its uniformity and causes the formation of more or less crystallized aggregates varying in size. The (Mn,Pd)O₂ composition contains Pd metal, which is in contact with the MnO₂-based oxide phase. The average size of the palladium particles is no larger than 12 nm. The initial activity of the materials in CO oxidation, which was estimated in terms of the 10% CO conversion temperature, increases in the following order: MnO₂ (100°C) < (Mn,Co)O₂ (98°C) < (Mn,Co,Pd)O₂ (23°C) < (Mn,Pd)O₂ (?12°C). The high activity of (Mn,Pd)O₂ is due to its surface containing palladium in two states, namely, oxidized palladium (interaction phase) palladium metal (clusters). The latter are mainly dispersed in the MnO₂ matrix. This catalyst is effective in CO oxidation even at room temperature when there is no water vapor in the reaction mixture, but it is inactive in the presence of water vapor. Water vapor causes partial reduction of Mn⁴⁺ ions and an increase in the proportion of palladium metal clusters.     

Formation of antimony oxide clusters by gas aggregation

Sb_xO_y clusters are produced by using a gas aggregation technique. Antimony vapor is mixed with He/O₂ or He/N₂O and cooled in a reaction channel. After photoionisation with a KrF (248 nm) or ArF (193 nm) excimer laser the products are mass analyzed in a time of flight mass spectrometer. In the presence of N₂O no oxide clusters besides SbO⁺ can be detected, while with oxygen under similar experimental conditions dramatic changes can be observed. At low oxygen partial pressure the obtained spectra are dominated by the pure Sb _x ⁺ clusters with low intensity of Sb_xO _y ⁺ , whereas at high oxygen partial pressure antimony oxides following the general sequence SbO⁺(Sb₂O₃)n are most abundant. The same stable species can furthermore be produced via aggregation of vaporised solid antimony oxide (Sb₂O₃). Within these experiments another new Series of antimony oxides tentatively assigned to (Sb₂O₃) _n ⁺ appeared in the mass spectra.     

SrSi2O2N2∶Eu2+荧光粉的制备及性能研究

以SrCO3,Si3N4,Eu2O3为原料,在N2气氛下,采用自还原高温固相法制备了SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+荧光粉。研究了该荧光粉的物相结构、发光性能和晶体形貌,同时对比在不同气氛下合成的荧光粉。结果表明,在N2气氛与N2/H2气氛下分别合成的SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+荧光粉物相结构和光谱特性基本一致。显示出合成了主晶相SrSi2O2N2,但还含有少量未知的中间项。Eu2+浓度的变化不影响激发状态,而发射光谱的波长在Eu2+浓度为1mol%-20mol%之间,从530 nm的绿光红移至550 nm的黄绿光区域。同时,激发光谱覆盖的范围宽,均能有效的被UV或蓝光激发,这意味着该类荧光粉在白光LED方面有可能得到广泛的应用。     

Solid‐state NMR study of dopant effects on the chemical properties of Mg‐, In‐, and Al‐doped SnP2O7

The effects of doped low‐valence cations on the properties of the SnP₂O₇ proton conductor at ambient temperature are investigated from changes in solid‐state NMR spectra and nuclear magnetic relaxation times. Although the T₁H values increased with decreasing acidity as a result of cation exchange, the ¹H chemical shifts moved to lower field in Al‐ and In‐doped materials compared with undoped ones. Furthermore, the shifts changed to higher field in Mg‐doped materials, suggesting the existence of different protonic species in those materials. The bulk phosphate chemical shifts in the ³¹P dipolar‐decoupling MAS NMR spectra were very similar, regardless of the nature and amount of the doping species. On the other hand, by ¹H/³¹P cross‐polarization MAS NMR, P₂O₇ signals interacting with an interstitial proton [Q¹(proton)] were observed in all the undoped and doped SnP₂O₇, while acidic P–OH‐type phosphate signals [Q¹(acid)] were additionally observed in the Mg‐doped conductor. The different affinity of the proton with the dopants and phosphates caused lower conductivity and larger activation energy in the Mg‐doped materials, compared with those in the In‐ and Al‐doped materials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of NiO/Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanocomposites as substrate for the construction of electrochemical biosensors

The exploration of substrate materials to construct electrochemical biosensors for glucose monitoring in the field of clinical diagnosis, especially for diabetes is still being investigated extensively. In this paper, NiO/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites are designed and synthesized by two-step hydrothermal approach in combination with calcinations. The morphology and microstructure are studied by SEM, XRD, XPS, and TEM systematically. Optimized NiO/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites are employed as substrate to construct glucose biosensors, and the electrochemical properties are carried out by cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric techniques. The results indicate as-prepared biosensors achieve a high sensitivity of 230.5 μA cm^?2 mM^?1, wide linear range between 50 and 2867 μM, and low detection limit of 3.9 μM towards glucose detection. The synergistic effect between NiO and Fe₂O₃ as substrate to construct glucose biosensors is elucidated. The selectivity is acceptable based on the detection of glucose concentration for diabetics.