AlNiLaCe新型高熵非晶合金的组织结构与电化学腐蚀行为

采用电弧熔炼工艺与真空熔炼快淬系统制备了一系列新型AlNiLaCe高熵非晶合金条带,并研究了(AlNi) / (LaCe)含量变化对高熵非晶合金组织结构与电化学腐蚀行为的影响。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和显微硬度计分别研究测定了高熵非晶合金的相结构、热稳定性与硬度;借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM）与X射线能谱分析仪（EDS）表征了合金条带的表面形貌与元素分布情况;通过极化曲线（Tafel）考察了高熵非晶合金在3.5 wt.% NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为并通过XRD测定了等原子比AlNiLaCe高熵非晶合金条带的腐蚀产物。结果表明:随着Al含量的增多,AlNiLaCe高熵非晶合金由典型的非晶态衍射峰与含Al的金属间化合物一同组成;合金中(AlNi)含量增多导致其热稳定性与条带硬度逐渐提高,Al35Ni35La15Ce15高熵非晶合金最高硬度为470 HV0.1。通过电化学腐蚀实验发现:相比AZ91镁合金,AlNiLaCe系高熵非晶合金的自腐蚀电位更高,腐蚀电流密度比镁合金低1个数量级。     

Corrosion resistance of amorphous hydrogenated SiC and diamond-like coatings deposited by r.f.-plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition

This paper reports on the properties and corrosion resistance of amorphous hydrogenated carbon and amorphous hydrogenated SiC films deposited by r.f.-plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition at low temperatures (below 200 °C). SiC coatings were prepared from SiH₄-CH₄ gas mixtures. Hydrogenated diamond-like coatings were deposited from classical CH₄-H₂ mixtures. The influence of various deposition parameters was investigated.

Microstructural and mechanical properties of the films were studied (density, hydrogen content, nanohardness, internal stress, critical load and friction coefficient). Two examples of corrosion resistance are given: (1) the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of SiC and diamond-like coatings deposited on metal implants (Ti alloy) (the corrosion resistance is evaluated through potentiodynamic polarization tests in biological media; the biocompatibility of coated and uncoated metals is compared using differentiated human cell cultures); and (2) the corrosion resistance of SiC-coated magnesium in chloride-containing boric borate buffer at pH=9.3 evaluated from anodic polarization curves and scanning electron microscopy studies.     

Novel multilayer structure design of metallic glass film deposited Mg alloy with superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance

A novel multilayer structure of metallic glass film deposited Mg alloy was designed and fabricated by combining surface mechanical attrition treatment and magnetron sputtering. The multilayer structure consists of amorphous layer and gradient structure sequentially from surface, following with the coarse grains inside. Gradient structure significantly decreases hardness mismatch between the amorphous layer and the matrix of Mg alloy. Wear resistance is increased by 2 orders for this novel multilayer structure with the simultaneous improvement of corrosion resistance.     

冷却速率对FeSiBCuNb合金条带磁学和耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),振动样品磁强计(VSM),电化学工作站以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等试验仪器对辊速为14.65和43.96 m/s旋淬制备的Fe_73.5Si_13.5B₉Cu1Nb₃(C1和C2)合金条带进行了测试分析。XRD结果显示,低冷速下制备获得了非晶/纳米晶双相(C1)合金,高冷速制备的合金(C2)为非晶态。VSM结果显示,C1和C2合金均具有优异的软磁性能。低冷速制备的纳米晶(C1)合金相比高冷速制备的非晶态(C2)合金具有较强的磁各向异性,C1合金磁各向异性的增强是由纳米晶相的键对有序性以及纳米晶相与非晶基体相互作用引起的磁弹各向异性所致。合金的电化学测试显示,C2合金耐腐蚀性能要好于C1合金,合金耐腐蚀性能的差异与制备过程中不同冷速所导致的合金表面组织结构和应力不均匀性相关。     

高熵非晶合金成分体系特点及其综合性能研究进展

为了解决严苛环境下长期服役的重型装备敏感损伤失效等问题,开发新型性能优异的工程材料已迫在眉睫。高熵非晶合金是近年来备受学者关注的一种新兴的结构和功能材料,它以其特殊的成分设计理念,兼顾了传统非晶合金的结构优势与高熵合金优异的综合性能。尽管其诞生至今仅十余年,但其相关研究工作已取得了长足进步。鉴于此,本文简述了高熵非晶合金的概念与历史,归纳了影响高熵合金相稳定性的因素及其相形成规律,总结了现有高熵非晶合金成分体系及其主要特点,重点阐述高熵非晶合金的室温力学性能、锯齿流变行为和耐摩擦磨损性能的最新研究成果,并对高熵非晶合金的热稳定性研究进展进行概述,最后对其未来研究趋势与应用前景进行了展望。     

Thermal stability and magnetic properties of Gd–Fe–Al bulk amorphous alloys

Gd₆₅Fe₂₀Al₁₅, Gd₆₅Fe₁₅Al₂₀ and Gd₇₀Fe₁₅Al₁₅ bulk amorphous alloys were produced by copper mold casting method with the maximum diameters of 2, 1 and 1 mm, respectively. The crystallization temperature (T_x) and melting temperature (T_m) of the Gd₆₅Fe₂₀Al₁₅ bulk amorphous alloy are 808 and 943 K, respectively. Accordingly, the temperature interval of T_m and T_x, ΔT_m (=T_m − T_x), is as small as 135 K and the reduced crystallization temperature (T_x/T_m) is as high as 0.86. The small ΔT_m and high T_x/T_m values are presumed to be the origin for the achievement of the high amorphous-forming ability of the Gd–Fe–Al bulk amorphous alloy. The Gd₆₅Fe₂₀Al₁₅, Gd₆₅Fe₁₅Al₂₀ and Gd₇₀Fe₁₅Al₁₅ bulk amorphous cylinders with a diameter of 1 mm exhibit superparamagnetism at room temperature, while the amorphous ribbon shows the paramagnetism at room temperature. Finally, the mechanical properties of Gd₆₅Fe₂₀Al₁₅ bulk amorphous alloys are investigated.     

Corrosion Resistance and Electrochemical Behaviour of Amorphous Ni84.9Cr7.4Si4.2Fe3.5 Alloy in Alkaline and Acidic Solutions

In this work, the corrosion behaviours of the amorphous Ni_84.9Cr_7.4Si_4.2Fe_3.5 alloy and its crystalline counterpart are studied in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization tests. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning Kelvin probe are employed to characterize the alloy surface. The results show that the amorphous Ni_84.9Cr_7.4Si_4.2Fe_3.5 alloy presents a better corrosion resistance compared to its crystalline counterpart, which is attributed to the uniform energy distribution of the atoms on the amorphous alloy surface, and this presents as a uniform electric potential map to effectively suppress the occurrence of the corrosion cell reaction.     

Corrosion Behaviour of a Non-equiatomic CoCrFeNiMo High-Entropy Alloy in H2S-Containing and H2S-Free Environments

The corrosion behaviour of a non-equiatomic CoCrFeNiMo high-entropy alloy (HEA) in H₂S-containing and H₂S-free environments was studied by electrochemical tests, surface characterization, and solution analysis. The results showed that the HEA exhibited primary and secondary passivation in the H₂S-free environment, and the transition was owing to the enhanced dissolution of Fe species. Compared with the primary passive film, the Cr/Fe ratio in the secondary passive film increased at the expense of the selective dissolution of Fe. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of HEA decreased with the applied potential. Cr was the most stable element in the film of HEA, regardless of H₂S. The presence of H₂S accelerated the dissolution of all the cationic elements in the HEA. H₂S promoted the formation of thicker but less protective surface film and induced the loss of passivity.     

A Novel High-Entropy Amorphous Thin Film with High Electrical Resistivity and Outstanding Corrosion Resistance

This study explores a novel WNbMoTaV high-entropy thin film (HETF) in amorphous structure via pulsed laser deposi-tion system.The formation of amorphous structure of this high-entropy alloy is ascribed to the high cooling rate during the deposition process.The HETF shows a smooth surface with a height fluctuation of less than 13 nm.This film has a high electrical resistivity of～ 320.6 μΩ·cm and a low corrosion current density of 0.088 μA/cm2.The corrosion resistance of the HETF at ambient temperature is superior to the conventional AISI 316L stainless steel.The high electrical resistivity and excellent corrosion resistance of the HETF are mainly attributed to its chemical disorder,cocktail effect and homogeneous amorphous structure.This experimental phenomenon not only provides a basis for the preparation of amorphous alloy films with low glass forming ability by pulsed laser deposition system,also promotes the potential application of WNbMoTaV HETF in the microelectronic components as resistivity sensors.     

Effect of Phase Transformation During Long-Term Solution Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties,and Bio-corrosion Behavior of Mg–5Zn–1.5Y Cast Alloy

The influence of long-term solution treatment for various intervals on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of the as-cast Mg–5Zn–1.5Y alloy was investigated.Variation of secondary phases was studied during solution treatment through thermal analysis test and thermodynamic calculations.Tensile and hardness tests,as well as polarization and immersion tests,were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the ascast and heat-treated alloy,respectively.Results show that solution treatment transforms I-phaseinto W-phaseas well as dissolves it into the a-Mg matrix to some extent;therefore,the amount of W-phase increases.Moreover,prolonged solution treatment decreases the volume fraction of the phases.In the first stage of solution treatment for 14 h,the tensile properties significantly increase due to the incomplete phase transformation.Although long-term solution treatment sharply decreases the tensile and hardness properties of the alloy,it improves the corrosion resistance due to the transformation of I-phase into W-phase.In fact,it decreases corrosion potential and simultaneously dissolves intermetallic compounds into the a-Mg matrix,resulting in the reduction in galvanic microcells between the matrix and compounds.It is found that the optimum time for long-term solution treatment is 14 h,which improves both corrosion behavior and mechanical properties.     

机械合金化时间对Ni6Cr4W1.5Fe9Ti高熵合金激光熔覆涂层组织与耐蚀性的影响

对机械合金化Ni₆Cr₄W_1.5Fe₉Ti高熵合金粉末进行激光熔化沉积,制备了该高熵合金的熔覆涂层,研究了机械合金化时间对涂层显微组织和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,机械合金化时间的增加可促进合金粉末成分的均匀化,且有利于涂层的致密化及其组织的晶粒细化。机械合金化棒磨4 h后的高熵合金粉末中,各组元均匀分布,并形成了FCC+BCC的双相固溶体结构;通过激光熔化沉积后,双相固溶体结构转变为FCC单相固溶体结构,组织主要由4～6μm的等轴晶和少量胞状晶组成。机械合金化棒磨4 h粉末制备熔覆涂层的致密度和硬度最高、耐蚀性最佳,其耐蚀性相较于棒磨0 h粉末制备熔覆涂层提升了近两个数量级。     

Microstructure and electrochemical properties of mechanically ground Ce2Mg17 + x wt.% Ni (x = 0, 50, 100, 200) composites

The effects of mechanical grinding with or without nickel powder on microstructure and electrochemical properties of Ce₂Mg₁₇ hydrogen storage alloy in 6 M KOH solution were investigated. The microstructure and electrochemical properties depend greatly on the amount of nickel powder introduced during mechanical grinding. For the alloy ball-milled with nickel powder, the more nickel powder added, the more advantageous it is for the formation of a homogeneous amorphous structure, and the larger discharge capacity obtained. After 90 h ball-milling, the Ce₂Mg₁₇ + 200 wt.% Ni composite exhibited a large discharge capacity of 1014 mAh g(Ce₂Mg₁₇)⁻¹[338 mAh g(Ce₂Mg₁₇ + 200 wt.% Ni)⁻¹] at 303 K. The improvement of electrochemical capacity can be attributed to the formation of a homogeneous amorphous structure as well as the modification of the surface state by Ni addition.     

A High-Strength and Biodegradable Zn–Mg Alloy with Refined Ternary Eutectic Structure Processed by ECAP

In this study, the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors of a Zn–1.6 Mg(wt%) alloy during multipass rotary die equal channel angle pressing(RD-ECAP) processing at 150 °C were systematically investigated. The results indicated that a Zn + Mg_2 Zn_(11) + MgZn_2 ternary eutectic structure was formed in as-cast Zn–Mg alloy. After ECAP, the primary Zn matrix turned to fine dynamic recrystallization(DRX) grains, and the network-shaped eutectic structure was crushed into fine particles and blended with DRX grains. Owing to the refined microstructure, dispersed eutectic structure and dynamically precipitated precipitates, the 8 p-ECAP alloy possessed the optimal mechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength of 474 MPa and elongation of 7%. Moreover, the electrochemical results showed that the ECAP alloys exhibited similar corrosion rates with that of as-cast alloys in simulated body fluid, which suggests that a high-strength Zn–Mg alloy was successfully developed without sacrifice of the corrosion resistance.     

Corrosion Behavior of MgZnCa Bulk Amorphous Alloys Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering

Centimeter-sized Mg_(65)Zn_(30)Ca_5 bulk amorphous alloys were fabricated by the spark plasma sintering process from the amorphous powders with a size smaller than 5 l m prepared by ball-milling.The sintered Mg_(65)Zn_(30)Ca_5samples were in an amorphous state when the spark plasma sintering was performed at a temperature of 383 K under a pressure of 600 MPa.The data of polarization curves presented that the sintered Mg_(65)Zn_(30)Ca_5bulk amorphous alloys exhibited higher corrosion resistance than pure Mg and AZ31B alloy owing to high content of Zn and homogeneous structure.A calcium phosphate compound layer was formed on the sintered Mg_(65)Zn_(30)Ca_5bulk amorphous sample after immersion in Hanks’solution,which is effective in improving corrosion resistance and bioactivity.The sintered Mg Zn Ca bulk amorphous alloys with large dimensions broaden the potential application of bulk amorphous alloys in the biomedical fields.     

La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响

研究了La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金组织形貌、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响。采用T-1200CB坩埚炉冶炼稀土含量(质量分数)分别为4.63%、5.81%、6.18%的Mg-Al-Mn合金。在箱式电阻炉中对研究试样进行430 ℃保温24 h的固溶处理,然后进行200 ℃保温24 h时效处理。对不同热处理状态的试样进行组织观察,对固溶时效后的试样进行拉伸、硬度及盐雾腐蚀试验,从而分析La-Ce混合稀土对Mg-Al-Mn合金显微组织、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响。研究表明,随着合金中的La-Ce混合稀土含量的增加,Mg₁₇Al₁₂相逐渐被Al₄(La, Ce)相代替;硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率都逐渐减小,力学性能下降;合金的腐蚀速率逐渐下降,耐蚀性提高。     

微量Sr、Sn对Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn合金力学和腐蚀性能的影响

目的研究Sr、Sn元素对快速凝固制备的Mg ZnCaMn合金室温力学性能和生物腐蚀性能的影响规律。方法采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、差热分析仪、万能力学实验机、静态浸泡、电化学测试等实验手段,分别研究添加Sr/Sn元素对MgZnCaMn合金结构、微观组织变化、热学性能、室温强度、塑性变形及体外降解行为的影响。结果添加Sr元素后,MgZnCaMn合金中的非晶相数量增加,尤其是Mg64.7Zn30Ca4Mn0.8Sr0.5合金浸泡析氢量显著降低,自腐蚀电流密度为1.61×10~(-4)A/cm~2,平均腐蚀速率为0.35 mm/a,抗压强度为621MPa,塑性压缩应变为0.8%。添加Sn元素后,MgZnCaMn合金中的非晶相近乎完全消失,合金组织中主要为雪花状的Mg2Sn相及MnZn13相,合金的析氢量无显著变化,其与Mg65.2Zn30Ca4Mn0.8合金的自腐蚀电流密度皆在10~(-4)数量级,其抗压强度为412 MPa,压缩塑性应变为1.6%。结论添加Sr元素可以提高MgZnCaMn合金的非晶形成能力,增加非晶相体积分数,同时提升了合金的强度和腐蚀性能。添加Sn元素则降低了MgZnCaMn合金的非晶形成能力,合金主要由延性相构成,其室温塑性得到明显改善,与初始合金相比,耐蚀性略有降低,但仍然优于常规的生物医用镁合金(如高纯镁、Mg-Zn-Ca等),具有较好的耐蚀性。     

Effect of Sub-T_g Annealing on the Corrosion Resistance of the Cu–Zr Amorphous Alloys

Despite the economy of material cost and excellent toughness of Cu-based amorphous alloys, especially Cu_(50)Zr_(50), their poor corrosion resistance to a chloride medium limits their widespread applications. In this study, corrosion tests were performed on the Cu_(50)Zr_(50) amorphous alloy with different degrees of short-range order, which were prepared by annealing below the glass transition temperature(T_g). It was found that the corrosion resistance of amorphous alloys is improved to a significant level when the alloys were heated below T_g. Calorimetric studies showed that thermally activated relaxation process of created disorder, which occurs during sub-T_gannealing, is responsible for the improvement in the corrosion resistance. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on the Cu–Zr amorphous alloys demonstrated that the relaxation process of the alloys is associated with the formation of energetically stable icosahedra and icosahedron-like structures. Our study highlights the effects of sub-T_gannealing on the improvement in the corrosion resistance of the amorphous alloys from the viewpoint the relaxation process of the short-range orders.     

Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2块体非晶合金在HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗(EIS)测试方法研究Fe_(41)Co_7Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_6Y_2块体非晶合金在0.5,1,2以及4 mol/L HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并比较了1 mol/L HCl溶液中非晶合金和不锈钢的腐蚀行为.极化曲线测试结果表明,Fe_(41)Co_7Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_6Y_2块体非晶合金在各种浓度的HCl溶液中都具有很好的耐蚀性,阳极极化曲线表现出明显的钝化特征.随着HCl溶液浓度的增大,其耐蚀性能逐渐下降.在1 mol/L HCl溶液中,非晶合金的自腐蚀电位高于不锈钢,自腐蚀电流密度比不锈钢小1个数量级.EIS结果显示,在开路电位下,Fe_(41)Co_7Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_6Y_2非晶合金和不锈钢的Nyquist图均由单一的容抗弧构成,但非晶合金的电化学转移电阻Rt比不锈钢的大2个数量级,这一结果与极化曲线结果一致,说明非晶合金在HCl溶液中的耐蚀性能优于不锈钢.     

Zr基和Ti基块体非晶合金的电化学腐蚀性能(英文)

用电化学方法研究Ti基和Zr基非晶合金及与非晶成分相同的Zr基晶态合金在1mol/LH2SO4和3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。极化曲线测试结果表明:在H2SO4溶液中,Zr基非晶和晶态合金自腐蚀电位比Ti基非晶合金的低;在NaCl溶液中,Zr基晶态合金的自腐蚀电位最低,而且在腐蚀过程中没有发生钝化,然而非晶合金都表现出钝化特性。交流阻抗测试结果表明:在NaCl溶液中非晶合金比晶态合金表现出更好的耐腐蚀性能,但是在H2SO4溶液中并没看到它们之间有明显的区别。表面形貌分析表明:在NaCl溶液中,这2种非晶合金都发生点蚀,而在H2SO4溶液中所有试验合金都表现出类似的特征,试样表面基本保持平整,只是在腐蚀表面的局部区域有一些裂纹出现。     

Influence of Zn Content on Microstructures,Mechanical Properties and Stress Corrosion Behavior of AA5083 Aluminum Alloy

To enhance the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance, Zn was utilized as an alloy element to add in the AA5083 aluminum alloys. The effects of Zn content on the microstructures, mechanical properties and SCC resistance were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrate that in the studied range adding Zn can significantly improve the SCC resistance of the AA5083 alloys. This is related to the relatively low amount of continuous β (Al₃Mg₂) phase along grain boundary and the formation of Zn-containing phase such as Al₅Mg₁₁Zn₄ phase. Based on the results, the optimal Zn content with respect to SCC resistance is approximately 0.50 wt.%. Further increasing Zn content results in coarse precipitates discontinuously distributed along grain boundaries.