Thermochemical investigation of Sm–Mg alloys

The paper focuses on the thermochemical behaviour of the binary Sm–Mg alloys. The enthalpies of formation of the Sm–Mg intermetallic compounds have been determined at 300 K by high temperature direct synthesis calorimetry. The following results in kJ/mole of atoms are reported: −18.5±2 (SmMg), −16.0±2 (SmMg₂), −12.0±2 (SmMg₃), −8.5±2 (SmMg₅) and −5.5±2 (Sm₅Mg₄₁). The results are compared with the earlier experimental value obtained by vapour pressure.     

The Zr–Sn binary system: New experimental results and thermodynamic assessment

The Zr–Sn binary system has been reinvestigated by several experimental techniques: X-ray diffraction, electron probe micro-analysis, mass density and calorimetry measurements. The existence of a miscibility gap inside the homogeneity domain of the η$\eta$ phase (Zr₅Sn₃–Zr₅Sn₄) has been confirmed. It has been also shown that Zr substitution on the Sn sublattice is responsible for the non-stoichiometry of the A$A$15 phase (Zr₄Sn). The temperature of the peritectoid reaction β_Zr+A15↔α_Zr has been determined to be at 1216 K that is 40^°$40^{°}$ below the temperature reported in the literature. All these new experimental data have been taken into account for a new thermodynamic assessment of this system.     

Thermodynamic optimization of the PbO–FeO–Fe2O3–SiO2 system

Liquidus phase equilibrium data of the present authors for the PbO–FeO–Fe₂O₃ system at various oxygen potentials, PbO–“Fe₂O₃”–SiO₂ system in air, and PbO–“FeO”–SiO₂ in equilibrium with metallic Pb, combined with phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data from the literature, have been used to obtain a self-consistent set of parameters of the thermodynamic models for all phases in the PbO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–SiO₂ system. The modified quasichemical model is used for the liquid slag phase. For the liquid phase, the PbO–FeO, PbO–Fe₂O₃, PbO–FeO–Fe₂O₃, PbO–FeO–SiO₂ and PbO–Fe₂O₃–SiO₂ parameters are optimized in the present study. From these model parameters, the optimized ternary phase diagram is back calculated. Present set of parameters describe previous and new experimental data well, and can be used for predictions of the PbO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–SiO₂ phase equilibria over wide ranges of oxygen partial pressured, compositions and temperatures, as well as multicomponent systems.     

Thermodynamic optimization of the binary PbO–CaO and ternary PbO–CaO–SiO2 systems

Liquidus phase equilibrium data from the recent study for the PbO–CaO and the PbO–CaO–SiO₂ systems (as a part of research program on the characterization of the multicomponent PbO–ZnO–FeO–Fe₂O₃-“Cu₂O”-CaO-SiO₂ system), combined with phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data from the literature, have been used to obtain a self-consistent set of parameters of the thermodynamic models for all phases: liquid, (Ca,Pb)₂SiO₄, (Ca,Pb)₃SiO₅, (Ca,Pb)SiO₃ (wollastonite and pseudowollastonite), Pb₃(Ca,Pb)₂Si₃O₁₁ (ganomalite) solutions, SiO₂ (quartz, tridymite, cristobalite), Ca₃Si₂O₇ (rankinite), CaO (lime), PbSiO₃ (alamosite), Pb₂SiO₄, Pb₁₁Si₃O₁₇, Pb₅SiO₇ lead silicates, PbO (massicot), Ca₂PbO₄, Pb₈CaSi₆O₂₁ (barysilite), PbCa₂Si₃O₉ (margarosanite) and Pb₃Ca₁₂Si₅O₂₅ compounds. Analysis of available data has shown the lack of data in the two immiscible liquids range over cristobalite, where several new experiments were done to support the model. The modified quasichemical model is used to describe the liquid slag phase. From these model parameters, the optimized ternary phase diagram is back calculated.     

Thermodynamic optimization of the binary PbO-“Cu2O”, “Cu2O”-SiO2 and ternary PbO-“Cu2O”-SiO2 systems

Liquidus phase equilibrium data obtained in the recent study by the authors for the binary PbO–“Cu₂O”, “Cu₂O”–SiO₂ and the ternary PbO–“Cu₂O”–SiO₂ systems in equilibrium with metallic Cu or Pb–Cu alloy (as a part of research program on the characterization of the multicomponent PbO–ZnO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–“Cu₂O”–CaO–SiO₂ system), combined with phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data from the literature, have been used to obtain a self-consistent set of parameters of the thermodynamic models for all phases. The modified quasichemical model is used for the liquid slag phase. From these model parameters, the optimized ternary phase diagram is back calculated. Liquidus surface with cristobalite, tridymite and quartz (SiO₂), two immiscible liquids, cuprite (Cu₂O), lead silicates (PbSiO₃, Pb₂SiO₄, Pb₁₁Si₃O₁₇, Pb₅SiO₇), massicot (PbO) and copper plumbite Cu₂PbO₂ primary phase fields has been constructed. Available experimental data are described within uncertainties. Oxygen partial pressures and distribution of lead between slag and metal have been calculated.     

In-situ formation of graphene–lead oxide composite and its use in trace arsenic detection

Reduced graphene oxide–lead dioxide composite is formed when EGO coated surface is electrochemically reduced along with lead ions in the solution. This composite has been shown to be an excellent material for low level detection of arsenic. Various functional groups present on EGO, in a wide pH range of 2–11, are responsible for the favorable interaction between metal ion and the modified electrode surface and subsequent trace level detection. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopic techniques confirm the formation of composite and its composition. Thin layer of lead dioxide along with reduced exfoliated graphene oxide has been shown to be responsible for the enhanced activity of the surface. The detection limit of arsenic is found to be 10 nM. This study opens up the possibility of using the composites for sensing applications and possibly simultaneous detection of arsenic and lead.     

基于ICA的卵巢癌质谱数据分析

卵巢癌蛋白质谱数据属于高通量数据,含有大量冗余信息,且许多重要信息都包含在高阶信息中,而独立成分分析可以从高阶信息中提取有用特征。将传统的独立成分分析融入卵巢癌蛋白质谱数据的特征提取中,并利用类信息机制监督独立成分分析过程。仿真实验结果表明,独立成分分析和监督式独立成分分析在卵巢癌蛋白质谱数据集研究过程中取得了良好的效果,识别率可达98%。     

Proteomics in Drug Development: The Dawn of a New Era?

Mass spectrometry offers the potential of acquiring high resolution data depicting the functional status of a group of healthy or diseased individuals, according to different conditions. As most of the drugs are currently targeting proteins, proteomics has a dual value, both in the discovery of new molecules as therapeutic targets, but also as a methodology to perform high throughput drug profiling. As there is an evident need for drugs to be improved in terms of efficacy, a mechanistic insight for downstream effectors can be valuable in order to predict side effects and resistance mechanisms. Recently developed assays, like thermal proteome profiling enables comprehensive drug target profiling and is, therefore, of high value in drug discovery. In this review, a systematic literature search is conducted and the most prominent proteomics studies as implicated in assisting drug discovery and development is presented. Focus is placed on investigations that are closer to implementation, therefore particular emphasis is given in studies conducted in human diseased population and further verified in vitro or in vivo.