非酶纳米电化学传感器用于有机磷农药残留物 检测综述

近年来,非酶纳米电化学传感器检测有机磷农药的研究受到广泛关注。非酶纳米电化学传感器具有检测成本低、操作方便、灵敏度高、响应快速等优点。碳纳米材料、纳米金属颗粒、纳米金属氧化物和纳米导电聚合物及其复合材料的出现,大大提高了有机磷农药电化学传感器的性能。随着纳米技术的出现,在合成纳米材料用于分析物特异性检测方面取得了进展,这些材料可用于构建高特异性、强选择性和经济有效的电化学传感器,以取代其他分析技术。鉴于各类纳米材料新结构的重要性,对非酶纳米电化学传感器领域的最新研究进展进行综述,并重点介绍纳米复合材料在有机磷农药检测中的应用。     

碳气凝胶在电化学领域中的应用研究进展

碳气凝胶是一种新型的非晶态纳米材料,具有比表面积高(600~1 100m2/g)、孔隙率高(80%~98%)和物理化学性能稳定等优点,特别适合作为催化剂及其载体。并且碳气凝胶具有极低的热导率和良好的导电性能,这使得碳气凝胶在耐高温材料和电化学领域中表现出极大的应用前景。近年来,碳气凝胶作为电化学能源材料得到了蓬勃的发展。本文针对现状主要介绍了碳气凝胶的制备工艺,并全面综述了碳气凝胶在燃料电池、锂离子电池和电化学超级电容器等电化学领域中的主要应用研究进展。     

二硫化钼纳米片的制备及在电化学生物传感器中的研究进展

二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米片是典型的类石墨烯二维纳米材料,具有出色的电学、光学、热学和力学性能,是当前研究的热点。综述了MoS2纳米片的制备方法,包括以微机械剥离法、锂离子插层法和液相超声法为代表的"自上而下"的剥离法和以化学气相沉积、水热合成等为主的"自下而上"的合成法。同时,介绍了MoS2纳米片在电化学生物传感器方面的研究现状和发展趋势。     

功能纳米材料应用于电化学新冠病毒生物传感器的研究进展

新冠疫情暴发对全球公共卫生构成了巨大威胁,病毒的快速、准确诊断对新冠疫情防控具有至关重要的作用。近年来,以纳米材料为基础的电化学传感技术在快速、高灵敏度/高特异性分子诊断方面显示出巨大的潜力。本文简要介绍了新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的结构特征及常规检测方法,总结了电化学生物检测相关传感特点和机制。在此基础上,详细评述了金纳米材料、氧化物纳米材料、碳基纳米材料等为基础的电化学传感器用于快速、准确检测新冠病毒的研究进展。最后,展望了基于电化学传感技术在未来生物分子诊断中的应用。     

自组装磷化镍纳米片阵列电极的电催化析氢性能研究

可持续发展的清洁氢能源是未来能源发展的方向之一,因而发展高效廉价的析氢材料变得尤为重要。本文首次通过水热和退火的方式制备出自组装磷化镍纳米片阵列结构,并通过SEM和XRD等技术表征这种结构的形貌和组成成分。与众多关于Ni-P纳米材料集中在酸性体系下的析氢电化学研究不同,本文首次通过在碱性条件下稳态极化曲线(LSV)、Tafel极化曲线、电流-时间曲线(i-t)以及交流阻抗曲线探究了其作为电解水析氢纳米电催化电极材料的电化学性能。该材料的电极具有特殊的纳米形貌结构和性质,使其具有更低的析氢反应电位、更大的析氢反应活性和较好的稳定性,具有替代贵金属作为水解析氢材料的潜力。     

TiO2/MXene纳米复合材料的可控制备及在光催化和电化学中的应用研究进展

TiO2纳米材料因其存在高的光生电子-空穴对复合速率、电子迁移率低、导电性差以及可逆容量低等问题,使其在光催化和电化学等领域的应用受到限制.MXene(Mn+1 Xn Tx)作为一种新型的二维过渡金属碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物,具有独特的二维层状结构、良好的金属导电性和较高的载流子迁移率等特性,将其引入TiO2纳米材料中构建TiO2/MXene纳米复合材料,利用两者的协同作用可进一步提高光电性能.本文从TiO2纳米材料的角度出发,系统综述了零维、一维和二维TiO2与MXene纳米复合材料的可控制备、结构性能及在光催化和电化学领域应用的最新研究进展,并着重介绍了纳米复合材料的构筑机理及MXene对提高TiO2的光催化和电化学性能的增强机制等,分析了目前TiO2/MXene复合材料的制备及其在光催化和电化学领域应用中存在的不足.此外,从优化制备工艺、提升性能和探索相应的性能增强机制等方面对未来TiO2/MXene复合材料的研究方向进行了展望.     

纳米碳管电化学储氢的研究进展

纳米碳管的储氢是近年来纳米碳管领域研究的一个热点。纳米碳管储氢研究有两种方法，一种是气相法，另一种是电化学法。本文对纳米碳管电化学储氢的基本原理、纳米碳管电化学储氢的理论计算以及氢与纳米碳管的相互作用机制，特别是目前单壁和多壁纳米碳管电化学储氢的实验研究进展进行了综述，展望了利用其电化学储氢特性作为高性能电池的可能性。     

利用纳米材料制备葡萄糖传感器的研究进展

纳米材料由于具有大的比表面积、良好的生物兼容性等优点,在葡萄糖传感器领域得到了广泛应用。综述了不同纳米材料在制备电化学葡萄糖生物传感器领域中应用的研究进展。探讨了该研究领域存在的问题,并展望纳米材料在制备电化学葡萄糖生物传感器中未来发展趋势。     

碳材料在色素电化学传感中的研究进展

偶氮类色素因其着色力强、价格低廉等优点而作为食品添加剂并被广泛应用于食品行业之中.《中华人民共和国食品添加剂卫生使用标准(GB 2760)》明确指出各类食品中的色素严禁超范围和超剂量使用.电化学检测方法具有灵敏度高、检测速度快、操作简便的优点,因此构建性能优异的电化学传感器在偶氮类色素快速检测应用中具有重要意义.其中,基于碳纳米材料修饰的电化学传感器在色素检测中具有重要影响.本文从功能化石墨烯、金属有机框架、多孔碳等碳基纳米材料出发,总结了近年来碳基修饰的电化学传感器在偶氮类色素检测中应用的研究进展,分析对比了各种碳材料的结构性能、制备方法及应用,并对功能碳纳米材料及电化学传感器的发展进行了展望,为高灵敏的新型偶氮类色素电化学传感器的开发提供研究基础.     

TiO2基光电化学传感器电极结构调控的研究进展

TiO_2因具有无毒、廉价、化学稳定性好以及表面易修饰生物基团等优点,受到研究者的广泛关注。然而,TiO_2存在对太阳能可见光利用率低、光生电子空穴易发生复合等缺点。通过与窄带隙半导体、有机分子、碳材料和贵金属等材料复合,可提高TiO_2的光吸收能力、光生电子空穴分离能力,进而拓展TiO_2的实际应用领域。本文对基于TiO_2的光电化学传感器的研究进展进行了概述,其中重点介绍了通过TiO_2纳米材料的改性来提高TiO_2基光电化学传感器的传感性能,最后提出了TiO_2复合纳米材料光电化学传感器的优势和不足,展望了其未来发展趋势。     

Photoluminescence from chemically exfoliated MoS2

A two-dimensional crystal of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer is a photoluminescent direct gap semiconductor in striking contrast to its bulk counterpart. Exfoliation of bulk MoS2 via Li intercalation is an attractive route to large-scale synthesis of monolayer crystals. However, this method results in loss of pristine semiconducting properties of MoS2 due to structural changes that occur during Li intercalation. Here, we report structural and electronic properties of chemically exfoliated MoS2. The metastable metallic phase that emerges from Li intercalation was found to dominate the properties of as-exfoliated material, but mild annealing leads to gradual restoration of the semiconducting phase. Above an annealing temperature of 300 °C, chemically exfoliated MoS2 exhibit prominent band gap photoluminescence, similar to mechanically exfoliated monolayers, indicating that their semiconducting properties are largely restored.     

Role of the carrier gas flow rate in monolayer MoS2 growth by modified chemical vapor deposition

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted much attention because of the variety of potential applications.However,its controlled growth is still a great challenge.Here,we report a modified chemical vapor deposition method to grow monolayer MoS2.We observed that the quality of the MoS2 crystals could be greatly improved by tuning the carrier gas flow rate during the heating stage.This subtle modification prevents the uncontrollable reaction between the precursors,a critical factor for the growth of high-quality monolayer MoS2.Based on an optimized gas flow rate,the MoS2 coverage and flake size can be controlled by adjusting the growth time.     

Ripples and layers in ultrathin MoS2 membranes

Single-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a newly emerging two-dimensional semiconductor with a potentially wide range of applications in the fields of nanoelectronics and energy harvesting. The fact that it can be exfoliated down to single-layer thickness makes MoS2 interesting both for practical applications and for fundamental research, where the structure and crystalline order of ultrathin MoS2 will have a strong influence on electronic, mechanical, and other properties. Here, we report on the transmission electron microscopy study of suspended single- and few-layer MoS2 membranes with thicknesses previously determined using both optical identification and atomic force microscopy. Electron microscopy shows that monolayer MoS2 displays long-range crystalline order, although surface roughening has been observed with ripples which can reach 1 nm in height, just as in the case of graphene, implying that similar mechanisms are responsible for the stability of both two-dimensional materials. The observed ripples could explain the degradation of mobility in MoS2 due to exfoliation. We also find that symmetry breaking due to the reduction of the number of layers results in distinctive features in electron-beam diffraction patterns of single- and multilayer MoS2, which could be used as a method for identifying single layers using only electron microscopy. The isolation of suspended single-layer MoS2 membranes will improve our understanding of two-dimensional systems, their stability, and the interplay between their structures, morphologies, and electrical and mechanical properties.     

二硫化钼纳米材料在光催化应用中的研究进展

二硫化钼(MoS_2)具有类石墨烯层状结构、良好的光学性能和电子传输特性,在光催化、太阳能电池、光开关等领域具有广阔的应用前景,一直备受关注。综述了近5年MoS_2纳米材料在光催化降解有机物和光催化水解制氢领域内的最新研究进展,分析了MoS_2纳米材料在光催化应用中存在的主要问题与挑战,重点介绍了相关解决方法。最后展望了MoS_2纳米材料在光催化应用中的发展方向和应用前景。     

MoS2 dual-gate transistors with electrostatically doped contacts

Nano Research - Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have been intensively investigated because of their exclusive physical properties...     

High-performance heterogeneous complementary inverters based on n-channel MoS2 and p-channel SWCNT transistors

Nano Research - Heterogeneous complementary inverters composed of bi-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and single-walled carbon-nanotube (SWCNT) networks are designed, and n-type MoS2/p-type SWCNT...     

Freestanding nanosheets of 1T-2H hybrid MoS2 as electrodes for efficient sodium storage

Molybdenum disulfide(MoS₂) is a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries as it offers a large capacity through a distinct conversion reaction.However,the electrochemical potential of MoS₂ is often restrained by the poor conductivity as the dominant 2 H phase is a semiconductor while the metallic1 T phase is thermodynamically unstable.In this work,we report a hybrid design and material preparation of freestanding nanosheets of MoS₂ composed of both 1 T and 2 H phases based on mild hydrothermal reaction.The introduction of the metallic 1 T-MoS₂ phase into 2 H-MoS₂ and their intimate hybridization enable a significant improvement in electronic conductivity,while the freestanding architecture avoids possible electrochemical aggregation.When used as electrodes for sodium storage,such a hybrid MoS₂ affords a high capacity of~500 mA h g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1 after 300 cycles,and retains capacity of~200 mA h g^-1 at a high current rate of 4 A g^-1,thus demonstrating their potential in high-performance battery applications.     

Growth of large-area and highly crystalline MoS2 thin layers on insulating substrates

The two-dimensional layer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) has recently attracted much interest due to its direct-gap property and potential applications in optoelectronics and energy harvesting. However, the synthetic approach to obtain high-quality and large-area MoS(2) atomic thin layers is still rare. Here we report that the high-temperature annealing of a thermally decomposed ammonium thiomolybdate layer in the presence of sulfur can produce large-area MoS(2) thin layers with superior electrical performance on insulating substrates. Spectroscopic and microscopic results reveal that the synthesized MoS(2) sheets are highly crystalline. The electron mobility of the bottom-gate transistor devices made of the synthesized MoS(2) layer is comparable with those of the micromechanically exfoliated thin sheets from MoS(2) crystals. This synthetic approach is simple, scalable, and applicable to other transition metal dichalcogenides. Meanwhile, the obtained MoS(2) films are transferable to arbitrary substrates, providing great opportunities to make layered composites by stacking various atomically thin layers.     

Gate-tunable linear magnetoresistance in molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors with graphene insertion layer

Nano Research - Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) holds great promise as atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor for future electronics and opto-electronics. In this report, we study the...