A Contrastive Study of Intercultural Nonverbal Communication—tures Between English and Chinese

Non-verbal communication as well as verbal communication is the carrier of culture. It is a lso a very important form, which supplement and improve the verbal communication. In some specific circumstances, it plays an important role that verbal language can't take. This thesis, compared with chinese, introduce the gesture and its cultural connotation in English-speaking countries.     

The Study of Language

1.IntroductionLanguage is a means of verbal communication.It is rule-governed in that speakers of the same language follow thegrammar and communicative conventions.It is instrumental inthat communicating by speaking or writing is a purposeful act.It is social and conventional in that language is a social semioticand communication can only take place effectively if all theusers share a broad understanding of human interactionincluding such associated factors as non-verbal cues,motivation,and so…     

On the Uncertainty in the Intercultural Communication

Uncertainty is associated negatively with positive expectations,communication satisfaction and quality of communication.And it is one of the key factors that influence our communication with others.So how to reduce uncertainty to a moderate and ideal state in intercultural communication is very important,which decides whether the communication is successful.In this paper,the author tentatively suggests several means to reduce uncertainty,such as shared knowledge,linguistic knowledge,stereotype and personal knowledge,relaxed and equal atmosphere,openness and tolerance and so on with a hope to fan flames in the successful intercultural communication.     

A Brief Introduction on Body Language

Body language is an important part of nonverbal communication and it is connected with culture. This article devotes to a comparison and contrast of body language in different cultures which aims to illustrate the differences and similarities of body language so as to achieve efficient communication.     

Optimal Packet Size of Underwater Sensor Networks

Parameter optimization of nodes communication is the foundation of underwater sensor networks.The packet size is an important indicator of the impact of communication performance.As a result,the optimal packet size selection is a critical issue in improving the communication performance.This paper aims to make a model reflecting the communication characteristics as the optimization target,because underwater sensor networks have the characteristics of high time delay,high energy consumption and high bit error rate.Finally,simulation experiments and theory have demonstrated the effectiveness and timeliness of simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation(SPSA) algorithm.     

Nonverbal communication：characteristics, functions and classification

This paper attempts to provide a brief but systematic survey of nonverbal communication in terms of its characteristics, functions, and classification. Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and the receiver. First, unlike verbal communication, it does not have a fixed set of signs, and formal rules and structures; it is innate and continuous. Second, it performs such functions as repeating, complementing, substituting, regulating, and contradicting. Finally, nonverbal communication may be classified into two major types： those produced by the body （including physical appearance, body movements, physical contact, facial expressions, eye contact, and paralanguage）; and those associated with the setting （including space, time, and silence）.     

Eye contact and Cross-cultural Communication

It is commonly agreed by contemporary scholars that it is important to understand the role of culture and its characteristics and potential impact on individuals engaged in cross-cultural communication. Nonverbal contact, as a medium to convey emotion, attitudes and intention, plays an undeniably vital role in often reveals basic culture traits. Eye The concentration of this paper is to discuss the functions of eye contact in communication, different information conveyed by eye contact on the basis of different cul- tures and the importance of understanding and respecting the rituals of eye contact in cross-cultural     

Silence in Cross-cultural Communication

In academic field,silence is classified as part of the nonverbal communication.Edward T.Hall regarded silence as a key standard of dividing high-context cultures and low-context cultures(毕 46).In high-context cultures,information is provided through gestures,the use of space,and even silence.Little information is explicitly explained by words.Chinese,Japanese,Native American cultures are high-context ones.However,"in low-context cultures,the verbal message contains most of the information and very little is embedded in the context."(Samovar,A.Larry,Richard E.Porter and Lisa A.Stefani 79).How do people from different cultures respond to silence? How their values affect their attitudes? What causes silence?     

The Communicative Functions of Intentional isinterpretation in Daily Conversation

The present study analyzes the phenomenon of intentional misinterpretation in verbal communication and its communicative functions. In human verbal communication, misunderstanding occurs when the hearer’s understanding of the speaker’s utterances is not identical with the speaker’s intended one. However, in some cases, the hearer may intentionally choose the interpretation diverging from the speaker’s intended meaning in order to achieve certain communicative effects. This kind of linguistic phenomenon can ...     

TEACHING PRONUNCIATION TO EFL STUDENTS

pronunciation teaching is considered as a basic course in English as a foreign language teaching in China. As we all know that English is a tool of communication between Chinese people and the people abroad,it is very important to have good pronunciation in order to communicate effectively. Though that good pronunciation is necessary for the mastery of a foreign language is accepted as axiomatic by most teachers, yet how the idea translates into the methodologies and techniques of the FEL classroom is still a question. This article will introduce as well as discuss some research findings and some approaches that we may find effective in pronunciation teaching.     

Cultural Differences in International Business Negotiation

This article analyzes the relationship of cultural differences on international business negotiations. And also, it emphases on the importance of understanding and mastering eultural differences in international business negotiations.     

Cultural Differences and Words Translation

This paper focuses on the relationship between culture and translation research which aim of communication activity cross culture , and the effect of cultural difference to words translation. The focus is not only on theory, but also studies used as illustration. First, this paper analyses the development and effect of Nida＇s translation theories. It is then analyzed the problems in words translation caused by cultural differences and the methods which can be used to solve these problems. At last, this paper also prospects the effect produced by translation research which under the condition of cultural research to the world.     

Ophelia—— An Innocent and Obedient Girl

The writer analyzed the personalities of Ophelia in The Tragedy of Harnlet, Prince of Denmark through the words of her and her father and brother.     

Research and design of the main equipments and structure of Xiangjiaba shiplift

The type of pinion and rack vertical shiplifts has been developed in recent a couple of years in the construction of dams. But the design methods and methodologies have rarely been discussed in literature. The Xiangjiaba shiplift is the second shiplift of this type following the Three Gorges shiplift. Being aimed at the technological rationality of the design in synthetically considering security, economy and applicability, this paper presents the research results of some vital issues relating the design of the Xiangjiaba shiplift, including the determination of design water depth of ship chamber based on fluid numeral computation and physical model test, the optimum design of general layout of main equipments and the civil structure of the Xiangjiaba shiplift, the finite element method （FEM） analysis of stress, vibration modes and the buckling of ship chamber, antiseismic research and the design of structures and mechanisms of the shiplift and the optimum design of driving mechanisms. This research provides the theoretical basis for the design of the Xiangjiaba shiplift. The design principles and research methods are valuable for the design of the same type of shiplifts.     

Observations of thermospheric vector wind over Yellow River Station during auroral substorm events

Strong disturbances associated with auroral substorms originate from the ionosphere-magnetosphere owing to the effects of the solar wind, and the wind field in the ionosphere is related to such substorm activity. Here, we describe the analysis of four auroral substorm events, for which we employed an all-sky Fabry-Perot interferometer to observe the two-dimensional horizontal wind field and combined the results with data from an all-sky charge-coupled device imager, a fluxgate magnetometer installed at Yellow River Station, and the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network. The results demonstrate that, during auroral substorms, the vector wind field is related closely to variations in the ion drift and geomagnetic field. Moreover, we observed a changing wind field of approximately 300 rn/s in response to variations in the electric and magnetic fields （likely caused by ion drag） and a disturbance of about 200 m/s that we attribute to the interaction of Joule heating and ion drag.     

Anomalous top-quark coupling effects in rare B and K decays

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN is performing direct searches for top-quark anomalous flavor-changing neutral current （FCNC） processes. However, these processes may be correlated closely with the low-energy rare B and K meson decays. In this paper, we review the anomalous top-quark coupling effects in these low-energy flavor transitions, summarize the flavor constraints and discuss their implications for direct detection of top-FCNC processes at the Large Hadron Collider.     

On loan words between English and Chinese——Discussion about the openness and assimilation of the words system

This paper mainly discusses the openness and assimilation of the words system from the viewpoint of loan words between English and Chinese.Both the history of loan words and the ways of borrowing words in English and Chinese have shown us the strong abilities of languages.     

4 K high frequency pulse tube cryocooler used for terahertz space application

Terahertz(THz) frequency region, defined from0.1 to 10 THz, is an important frequency band for radio astronomy and atmospheric science. As NbN Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor(SIS) mixers used for terahertz detection, which are studied by the Purple Mountain Observatory(PMO), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), work at 8–10 K, and require condition of micro vibrations, its astronomical observation in aerospace is limited by suitable refrigeration method. 4 K high frequency pulse tube cryocooler developed by Key Laboratory of Space Energy Conversion Technologies(SECT), Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry(TIPC), CAS, offers an opportunity for the application of SIS mixers. This article introduces the progress of the two-stage high frequency pulse tube cryocooler researched by TIPC. The cryocooler has reached a no load temperature of 4.5 K which is the lowest temperature for this kind of cryocooler reported so far. The successful coupling between the THz component and the high frequency pulse tube cryocooler lays a solid foundation for space detection in the terahertz band.     

Evaluation on Gambiered Guangdong Silk＇s Ecological Properties

To evaluate gambiered Guangdong silk＇s ecology properties, the raw materials ecology, production ecology and use ecology are analyzed; and the safety to human is tested according to GB/T18885 - 2002. Gambiered Guangdong silk is a kind of natural product. All its raw materials are reproducible and degradable natural resources, and it can decompose completely when being discarded. R is comfortable to wear, and easy to clean and dry. It is mainly manufactured by dip-dyeing in dye yam solution, and insolating under the burning sun. The production energy is solar, a kind of clean and reproducible energy. The production process is clean and environmental friendly. There is neither the utilization of synthetic dyestuff and chemical auxiliary, nor the discharge of environment pollutant, and even the dreg of dye yam is used as fuel. The safety test results show that pH value of water extract, heavy metal content （except for Pb content）, color fastness and odor meet the requirements of GB/T18885 - 2002 and Okeo-tex standard 100.     

Key technologies of precision demolition blasting of ultra-long urban viaduct in complicated surroundings

The key technologies of precision blasting were put forward based on the characteristics of urban via- duct blasting demolition in complicated surroundings. Initial bending instability mechanics model of reinforcing steel bar frame of blasting fragmented pier and sequenced collapsed dynamic model were established for quanti- tative blasting design. Technologies of water pressure blasting were applied in multi-cell box girder fragmenta- tion. The detonating network of non-electric duplication crossover was adopted for the safety and reliability of ultra-long delay. The rationality of blasting scheme and parameters were validated by physical model test. Harm- ful effects were forecasted and controlled by integrated protective technologies. Specialization, cooperation, pre- cision, execution （SCPE） project management method was put forward for precision management. The key tech- nologies of precision demolition blasting can provide reference for similar proiects.