硅粉氮化反应合成氮化硅

研究了硅粉直接氮化反应合成氮化硅粉末的工艺因素（包括硅粉粒度、氮化温度、成型压力、稀释剂含量等），借助XRD、SEM等测试手段测定和观察了氮化产物的物相组成和断口形貌。研究结果表明：硅粉在流动氮气氛下，高于1200℃氮化产物中氮含量明显增加；在氮化反应同时还伴随着硅粉的熔结过程，它阻碍硅粉的进一步氮化，其影响程度与氮化温度、氮化速度，素坯成型压力及硅粉粒度等工艺因素有关。在硅粉素坯中引入氮化，其影响程度与氮化温度、氮化速度，素坯成型压力及硅粉粒度等工艺因素有关。在硅粉素坯中引入氮化硅作为稀释剂，提高了硅粉的氮化率，使产物中残留硅量降低；同样在实际生产中可以通过控制适当热处理制度（如分段保温、慢速升温），达到硅粉的完全氮化。在生产中批量合成了含氮量为32．5％，残留硅量为0．05％，主要为α相，含少量β相的针状、柱状的氮化硅。     

硅铝凝胶粉结合SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料

以电熔致密刚玉和碳化硅为骨料,硅铝凝胶粉、氮化硅粉、硅粉为细粉,制成SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料,研究了硅铝凝胶粉的加入量分别为1%、3%、5%(质量分数,下同)时对此浇注料的烧结性能、力学性能的影响.结果表明采用硅铝凝胶粉取代纯铝酸钙水泥作结合剂,可使SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料在经中温、高温热处理后的常温抗折强度及耐压强度较大提高,中温、高温强度提高幅度更大.另外,随着硅铝凝胶粉加入量的增加,浇注料的常温及高温强度呈先增大而后减小的趋势.由X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析结果可知,硅铝凝胶粉的加入既有利于降低β-SiAlON的生成温度,又可以减少材料中的低熔物质.分布均匀、发育良好的粒状β-SiAlON的形成是SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料较水泥结合浇注料强度高的根本原因.     

粉煤灰合成SiAlON粉体研究

以粉煤灰、石墨粉、氧化铝、二氧化硅等为主要原料,采用碳热还原氮化法合成了SiAlON粉体。研究了Fe2O3含量不同的粉煤灰,即未除铁粉煤灰(Fe2O3的质量分数为4.16%)、酸洗除铁后的粉煤灰(Fe2O3的质量分数几乎为0)和磁选除铁后的粉煤灰(Fe2O3的质量分数为3.46%),配料的m(SiO2)∶m(Al2O3)(分别为1.176、1.55和2.35),碳加入量(分别为理论加入量、过量10%、过量100%和过量150%)以及反应温度(分别为1350℃、1400℃、1420℃、1430℃和1460℃)对合成产物相组成的影响。研究表明:以经过磁选除铁后的粉煤灰(Fe2O3的质量分数为3.46%)为原料,当配料的m(SiO2)∶m(Al2O3)为1.4,碳粉加入量为理论值的2倍(即过量100%)时,于1420℃保温20h合成的产物的主要物相为βSiAlON。     

碳热还原氮化法制备SiAlON陶瓷材料

碳热还原氮化工艺是近年来制备低成本高性能SiAION陶瓷材料的一种实用方法．具有产业化生产潜力。本文对碳热还原氮化法制备SiAION的进展进行了综述,归纳分析了不同条件对生成物性能的影响,对今后的研究进行了展望。     

C-Si复合还原氮化合成矾土基β-SiAlON

设计β-SiAlON的z值为3,以68%的生矾土(粒度≤0.074mm,烧后Al2O3含量约68%)、13%的硅粉(粒度≤0.021mm)和19%的炭黑(粒度≤5μm)为原料混合均匀后,装入坩埚中,在氮化炉中分别于1100℃、1200℃、1300℃、1350℃、1400℃、1450℃、1500℃和1550℃氮化处理6h后,测氮化后试样的质量变化率,并借助XRD、SEM及EDS等手段,同时研究了C-Si复合还原氮化合成矾土基β-SiAlON的反应过程。研究结果表明:(1)采用C-Si复合还原氮化的试样,在1100~1200℃时主要是Si与氮气和SiO2反应生成的Si2N2O;1300~1400℃时,C开始参与还原氮化反应,体系中开始有β-SiAlON生成;1450~1550℃时,β-SiAlON量逐渐增多,1500℃达到最大值。(2)与单一采用C、Si的试样相比,采用C-Si复合还原氮化的试样生成的β-SiAlON含量相对高,结晶形貌相对较好。     

硅铝凝胶粉结合SiAlON增强A1_2O_3-SiC-C浇注料

以电熔致密刚玉和碳化硅为骨料,硅铝凝胶粉、氮化硅粉、硅粉为细粉,制成SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料,研究了硅铝凝胶粉的加入量分别为1%、3%、5%(质量分数,下同)时对此浇注料的烧结性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明:采用硅铝凝胶粉取代纯铝酸钙水泥作结合剂,可使SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料在经中温、高温热处理后的常温抗折强度及耐压强度较大提高,中温、高温强度提高幅度更大。另外,随着硅铝凝胶粉加入量的增加,浇注料的常温及高温强度呈先增大而后减小的趋势。由X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析结果可知,硅铝凝胶粉的加入既有利于降低βSiAlON的生成温度,又可以减少材料中的低熔物质。分布均匀、发育良好的粒状βSiAlON的形成是SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料较水泥结合浇注料强度高的根本原因。     

高铝矾土碳热还原氮化合成SiAlON的反应过程

以天然铝硅酸盐原料为基础,研究合成SiAlON是新世纪耐火材料的发展方向之一.本实验室采用我国丰富的高铝矾土为主要原料,以炭黑、Si粉和Al粉为还原剂,研究了还原氮化合成SiAlON过程的机理并已取得了一定的成果.3种还原剂中,炭黑的成本相对较低,对反应烧结法直接合成SiAlON材料具有重要意义,因此有必要对矾土碳热还原氮化法合成SiAlON的机理进行研究.     

硅粉直接氮化反应合成氮化硅研究

研究了硅粉直接氮化反应合成氮化硅粉末的工艺因素(包括硅粉粒度、氮化温度、成型压力、稀释剂含量等),借助XRD,SEM等测试手段测定和观察了氮化产物的物相组成和断口形貌.研究结果表明:硅粉在流动氮气氛下,高于1200℃氮化产物中氮含量明显增加;在氮化反应同时还伴随着硅粉的熔结过程,它阻碍硅粉的进一步氮化,其影响程度与氮化温度、氮化速度,素坯成型压力及硅粉粒度等工艺因素有关.在硅粉素坯中引入氮化硅作为稀释剂,提高了硅粉的氮化率,使产物中残留硅量降低;同样在实际生产中可以通过控制适当热处理制度(如分段保温、慢速升温),达到硅粉的完全氮化.在生产中批量合成了含氮量为32.5%,残留硅量为0.05%,主要为α相,含少量β相的针状、柱状的氮化硅.     

硅粉常压直接氮化制备氮化硅粉的研究

以平均粒径为2.8μm的硅粉为原料,添加氮化硅粉作为稀释剂,对常压氮气下直接氮化制备Si3N4粉的工艺进行了研究,借助于氮氧测定仪、XRD、SEM等检测方法,分析了硅粉常压直接氮化制备Si3N4粉过程中稀释剂种类、稀释剂添加比例、氮化温度、氮化时间等因素对硅的氮化过程的影响.研究结果表明:硅粉在流动常压氮气下,当氮化温度高于1410℃时,硅的转化率迅速增加,氮化产物中β相含量也增加;通过控制稀释剂的添加种类和添加比例、氮化时间和氮化温度,可合成高α相含量的Si3N4.采用平均粒径为2.8μm的硅粉,在常压氮气下,当添加30%的α-Si3N4粉作为稀释剂、氮化温度为1550℃、氮化时间为10min时,合成了氮含量为39.4%,游离硅为0.7%,主要为α相、含部分β相的Si3N4粉.     

A comparative study of silicon nitride and SiAlON ceramics against E. coli

In recent decades, due to some limitations from alumina (Al₂O₃) and zirconia (ZrO₂), silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) has been investigated as a novel bioceramic material, mainly in situations where a bone replacement is required. Si₃N₄ ceramics and its derivative form, SiAlON, possess advantages in orthopedics due to their mechanical properties and biologically acceptable chemistry, which accelerates bone repair. However, biological applications require additional properties, enabling stronger chemical bonding to the surrounding tissue for better fixation and the prevention of bacteria biofilm formation. Therefore, two commercial Si₃N₄ and SiAlON ceramics were investigated in this study and compared to each other according to their material properties (like wetting angles and surface chemistry) and their antibacterial behaviors using E. coli. Results provided evidence of a 15% reduction in E. coli colonization after just 24 h on Si₃N₄ compared to SiAlON which is impressive considering no antibiotics were used. Further, a mechanism of action is provided. In this manner, this study provides evidence that Si₃N₄ should be further studied for a wide range of antibacterial orthopedic, or other suitable biomaterial applications.     

The effect of silicon nitride powder characteristics on SiAlON microstructures,densification and phase assemblage

The surface characteristics, particle size distribution and impurities of starting Si₃N₄ powders exert a very significant influence on the microstructure of sintered silicon nitride based ceramics. Even a change of the processing conditions such as milling liquid media (water or isopropyl alcohol) and milling time can have a substantial effect on particle surface groups, and hence on the microstructure of sintered samples. In this study, SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, elemental analysis and laser diffraction techniques were used for the comprehensive characterization of Si₃N₄ powders which were produced by diimide, direct nitridation and combustion synthesis, in as received state, and after milling in different liquid media (aqueous or alcohol), for various milling durations. The correlation of the surface characteristics and properties of the Si₃N₄ powders with sintering behavior, and microstructural evolution, densification and phase assemblages of the resulting SiAlON ceramics were reported. The milling conditions affected the surface chemistry of Si₃N₄ powders and the subsequent microstructural evolution. The microstructures evolved from the coarser β-Si₃N₄ powders were coarser, but the fine β-Si₃N₄ powders yielded a bimodal microstructure. The critical particle diameter of the β-Si₃N₄ powder for the formation of needle like SiAlON grains was determined to be less than 0.5 µm.     

加入Si粉对Al2O3-SiAlON复合材料性能的影响

为了研究加入Si粉对Al2O3-SiAlON复合材料的烧结、高温力学性能、物相组成和显微结构的影响,以电熔白刚玉(3~1 mm、≤1 mm和≤0.043 mm)、矾土基β-SiAlON(≤0.074 mm)和Si粉(d50=19.71μm)为主要原料,配制成Si粉加入量(质量分数)分别为0、2%、5%、8%和11%的5种试样;以纸浆为结合剂,经混练、成型、烘干和1 500℃保温3 h埋炭烧成后,测量试样的质量变化率、线变化率、显气孔率、体积密度、常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度、埋炭条件下的热态(400~1 400℃)抗折强度、应力-应变特性和抗热震性,并进行了XRD、SEM和EDS分析。研究显示:加入Si粉可以降低材料的显气孔率,提高材料常温强度尤其是高温抗折强度,改善材料的抗热震性;加入Si粉的试样在1 500℃埋炭煅烧过程中,单质Si转化为纤维状SiC和颗粒状SiAlON等非氧化物,对试样起到增强、增韧作用,有利于提高材料的高温力学性能和抗热震性。     

Effect of SiC addition on the thermal diffusivity of SiAlON ceramics

Despite the fact that thermal conductivity is a crucial parameter for SiAlON ceramics with respect to their suitability in various applications, including high-temperature structural components, wear parts, and cutting tools, studies on SiAlON ceramics reported thus far mainly focus on the improvement of their mechanical properties. In view of the lack of sufficient studies on the thermal conductivity of SiAlON ceramics, this study investigates the improvement in the thermal diffusivity behaviour of SiAlON ceramics by the addition of highly conductive SiC particles. As solid-solution SiAlON ceramics exhibit complex crystal structures typically composed of defects, the phonon scattering increases, subsequently decreasing diffusivity. In particular, the improvement in the thermal diffusivity of both α- and β-SiAlONs was investigated by the addition of 0.25 wt% SiC. In addition, the effect of the SiC particle size on the thermal diffusivity of β-SiAlON was examined. Using inverse diffusivity data, intrinsic and extrinsic scattering parameters were determined, and compared to intrinsic scattering, extrinsic scattering was a dominant factor. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of SiC_p-reinforced α and -β-SiAlON ceramics were recorded to examine the SiC particle distribution.     

SiAlON粉体合成的研究进展

概述了SiAlON材料的组成、结构特点、理化性能和应用领域 ,全面阐述了SiAlON粉体的合成方法以及由天然原料合成SiAlON粉体的研究进展     

Synthesis and characterisation of a submicrometre silicon carbide powder

A beta-silicon carbide powder with a surface area of 30m²g^?l and a mean particle size of < 1μm was produced from the thermal conversion of silicon resin in an atmosphere of hydrogen. The amount of product increased with increasing iron content (0–2.1 wt%) and firing temperature (1200–1500°C). Chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and i.r. absorption spectrometry were used to follow the conversion reaction.     

Molecular-level composition design for efficient synthesis of SiAlON ceramics

SiAlONs are a class of liquid-phase sintered ceramics with excellent room-temperature strength and toughness, but whose residual grain boundary glass softens at high temperatures, limiting use in extreme environments. For this reason, efforts are made to minimize the volume of the grain boundary glass while still facilitating full densification. This work describes a potential route for the densification of SiAlONs with very low concentrations of liquid-phase sintering additive (e.g., rare-earth oxides such as yttria) by using an organometallic precursor. Solid solution of Al and O in the Si₃N₄ lattice was accomplished through the incorporation of solute atoms via liquid organic precursor aluminum sec-butoxide (ASB). Al₂O₃ powder is conventionally used for this purpose, and the subsequent lattice softening associated with the solid solution helps to facilitate densification. However, a liquid-phase additive is still essential for the full densification of SiAlONs. Higher densities were obtained from SiAlON powder blends utilizing organometallic ASB than those utilizing alumina powder, allowing for greater densification at very low Y₂O₃ concentrations. The thermal decomposition of the organic precursor was investigated by high-temperature scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and various X-ray diffraction experiments. Immersion density measurements and lattice parameter refinements were performed for samples sintered with varying Y₂O₃ concentrations and/or dwell times. Results indicate that ASB-containing powder blends favor SiAlON formation more strongly than Al₂O₃-containing powder blends and favor densification at very low Y₂O₃ concentration.     

硅粉对刚玉-氮化硅复合材料表面氧化膜的影响

将T-60氧化铝粉、氮化硅粉和硅粉分别按50%、37.5%和12.5%的质量分数配料混合,经压制成型后,在空气中于1600℃保温2h烧成制得刚玉-氮化硅复合材料试样,借助于XRD、SEM、EDS等研究了加入硅粉对刚玉-氮化硅复合材料表面氧化膜组成和结构的影响。结果表明:在空气中烧成的刚玉-氮化硅复合材料表面氧化膜主要由富硅玻璃相、刚玉和莫来石组成;在刚玉-氮化硅复合材料中引入硅粉能减小氧化膜厚度,并能提高氧化膜的致密程度。     

Formation of silicon nanowire packed films from metallurgical-grade silicon powder using a two-step metal-assisted chemical etching method

In this work, we use a two-step metal-assisted chemical etching method to produce films of silicon nanowires shaped in micrograins from metallurgical-grade polycrystalline silicon powder. The first step is an electroless plating process where the powder was dipped for few minutes in an aqueous solution of silver nitrite and hydrofluoric acid to permit Ag plating of the Si micrograins. During the second step, corresponding to silicon dissolution, we add a small quantity of hydrogen peroxide to the plating solution and we leave the samples to be etched for three various duration (30, 60, and 90 min). We try elucidating the mechanisms leading to the formation of silver clusters and silicon nanowires obtained at the end of the silver plating step and the silver-assisted silicon dissolution step, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that the processed Si micrograins were covered with densely packed films of self-organized silicon nanowires. Some of these nanowires stand vertically, and some others tilt to the silicon micrograin facets. The thickness of the nanowire films increases from 0.2 to 10 μm with increasing etching time. Based on SEM characterizations, laser scattering estimations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and Raman spectroscopy, we present a correlative study dealing with the effect of the silver-assisted etching process on the morphological and structural properties of the processed silicon nanowire films.