An Implantable CMOS Front-End System for Nerve-Signal Sensors

An analog front-end dedicated to processing of cuff-recorded human nerve signals is presented in this paper. The system is comprised of a low-noise preamplifier and an A/D converter (ADC) for quantizing the recorded nerve signal. The instrumentation amplifier utilizes CMOS transistors biased in the weak/moderate inversion region at a relatively high current for low thermal noise performance and achieves low flicker noise performance through chopper stabilization. The resulting measured equivalent input referred thermal noise is 6.6 nV/√Hz at a chopping frequency of 20 kHz. A two-stage design is implemented which achieves a measured amplification of 72.5 dB over a signal bandwidth of 4 kHz. For the ADC, a third order ΣΔ-modulator employing a continuous-time (CT) loopfilter was implemented. Each of the integrators in the loop-filter are implemented as G _m ?C elements. For a sampling frequency of 1.4 MHz, the measured SNDR for the ADC is 62 dB, whereas the dynamic range (DR) is 67 dB over a 4 kHz bandwidth, equivalent to a resolution of 10 bits. The system draws a current of 196 μA from a 1.8 V supply thus consuming approximately 350 μW excluding buffers and bias circuitry.     

一种全集成CMOS数字电视调谐器射频前端

设计了一种全集成CMOS数字电视调谐器(DTV tuner)射频前端电路.该电路采用二次变频低中频结构,集成了低噪声放大器、上变频混频器、下变频混频器等模块.芯片采用0.18μm CMOS工艺实现,测试结果表明,在50～860MHz频率范围内,射频前端能够实现很好的输入阻抗匹配,并且总的增益变化范围达到20dB.其中,在最大增益模式下,电压增益为+33dB,单边带噪声系数(SSB NF)为9.6dB,输入参考三阶交调点(ⅡP3)为-11Bm;在最小增益模式下,电压增益为+14dB,单边带噪声系数为28dB,输入参考三阶交调点为+8dBm.射频前端电路面积为1.04mm×0.98mm,工作电压为1.8V,消耗电流为30mA.     

一种全集成CMOS数字电视调谐器射频前端

设计了一种全集成CMOS数字电视调谐器(DTV tuner)射频前端电路.该电路采用二次变频低中频结构,集成了低噪声放大器、上变频混频器、下变频混频器等模块.芯片采用0.18μm CMOS工艺实现,测试结果表明,在50～860MHz频率范围内,射频前端能够实现很好的输入阻抗匹配,并且总的增益变化范围达到20dB.其中,在最大增益模式下,电压增益为 33dB,单边带噪声系数(SSB NF)为9.6dB,输入参考三阶交调点(ⅡP3)为-11Bm;在最小增益模式下,电压增益为 14dB,单边带噪声系数为28dB,输入参考三阶交调点为 8dBm.射频前端电路面积为1.04mm×0.98mm,工作电压为1.8V,消耗电流为30mA.     

56 Gbit/s PAM4 CMOS光接收机前端电路设计

基于65 nm CMOS工艺设计了一种56 Gbit/s PAM4光接收机前端放大电路.前级为差分形式的跨阻放大器,采用共栅前馈型结构降低输入阻抗,并在输入端串联电感,有效提高了跨阻放大器的带宽和灵敏度.后级放大器采用具有线性增益控制的多级级联可变增益放大器,实现对输出摆幅的自动控制.输出缓冲器采用源极退化技术来拓展带...     

大带宽集成光学电场传感器的频率响应特性分析

采用马赫-曾德尔光波导干涉仪与锥形天线阵列,研制了基于铌酸锂（LiNbO3）结构、可用于电力电场测量的大带宽电场传感器,并通过实验对传感器性能进行了测试。结果表明,该传感器在10kHz～18GHz的大带宽范围内,频响特性波动小于±10dB,最小可测电场强度达到0.4V/m,可测量场强达103V/m的纳秒脉冲电场。     

一种基于SiGe BiCMOS工艺的单片集成光接收机前端放大电路

基于0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺,设计了一种25 Gbit/s的光接收机前端放大电路单片集成的放大电路。该电路实现了光接收机前端放大电路的单片集成,并采用带反馈系统的跨阻放大器、电感峰化、自动增益控制电路等设计有效提高了增益、带宽和系统稳定性。经仿真与测试,该设计增益达到69.9 dB,带宽为19.1 GHz,并在工业级芯片工作温度(-40℃~+85℃)下带宽误差不超过0.1%。该芯片工作时需要的供电电流为45 mA,功耗为81 mW,信号抖动RMS值为5.8 ps,具有良好的性能和稳定性。本设计提供了一种能够适用于100 Gbit/s(25 Gbit/s×4线)光互连系统的设计方案,具有广泛的应用前景。     

用于测量液面高度的光纤光栅传感器

提出并实验了一种精密的用光纤光栅作为敏感元件测量液面高度的方法,讨论了传感系统设计的关键问题。该传感器可用于中等深度的液面高度的精密测量,其灵敏度可达0.15mm/pm。     

一种粒子探测器的CMOS读出电路设计

提出了新型的应用于粒子探测器CMOS读出电路中的电荷灵敏放大器和CR-(RC)n半高斯整形器的结构.电荷灵敏放大器采用多晶硅电阻做反馈来减小噪声,仿真发现与传统结构相比,在探测器电容高达150pF时,输入等效噪声电荷数由5036个电子减小到2381个,代价是输出摆幅减小了0.5V.在整形器中,MOS管电阻与多晶硅电阻串联,通过调节MOS管的栅压来改变阻值,以补偿工艺的偏差,在不明显降低线性度的情况下保证了时间常数能够比较精确控制.     

光学遥感器偏流调焦控制单元集成仿真测试系统

为了实时监测空间光学遥感器偏流调焦机构控制单元的工作状态,测试其性能及可靠性,设计了一种集偏流与调焦控制单元仿真测试于一体的系统。该系统并行采集控制单元的多路控制信号,基于频率检测和幅值检测的模型应用FPGA进行逻辑分析,提取控制信号的频率、幅值、转向等检测信息和编码器反馈信息;检测信息通过PCI总线传输给计算机存储和显示,闭环控制反馈信息发送给控制单元。经过信号采集实验表明:该系统能够并行采集与处理工作频率1kHz、控制电压12V的8路控制信号,由计算机实时显示各路信号的工作参数及状态,满足实时监测控制单元工作状态的需要。     

大型结构角度变形测量中的光学方法

根据工程实践中大型结构三维角度变形的产生原因和测量需要,对目前能实际应用到工程场合的光学小角度测量方法的研究现状进行了叙述和分析,着重介绍了自准直法,偏振光法、光源靶标法、莫尔条纹法、像形畸变法、摄影摄像测量法等,对比各方法的特点,探讨了光学三维角度变形测量技术面临的问题和未来的发展趋势。     

一种2.5Gb/s CMOS宽动态范围光接收机模拟前端电路

基于55nm CMOS工艺,设计了一种具有宽动态范围的2.5Gb/s光接收机模拟前端电路。作为光接收机的输入级电路,为了获得低噪声和高灵敏度性能,跨阻放大器(TIA)基于三级反相器级联结构,同时采用双自动增益控制(DAGC)电路来扩大输入信号的动态范围。为了提高增益,引入后置放大器,包括电平转换电路和三级差分放大电路,同时利用电容简并的方法来进一步拓展带宽,最后进行缓冲器输出。测试结果表明,在误码率为10-12的情况下,光接收机的输入灵敏度为-26dBm,过载光功率为3dBm,动态范围达到29dBm。光接收机在3.3V供电电压下,电流功耗为36mA,整体芯片面积为1176μm×985μm。     

一种粒子探测器的CMOS读出电路设计

提出了新型的应用于粒子探测器CMOS读出电路中的电荷灵敏放大器和CR-(RC)n半高斯整形器的结构.电荷灵敏放大器采用多晶硅电阻做反馈来减小噪声,仿真发现与传统结构相比,在探测器电容高达150pF时,输入等效噪声电荷数由5036个电子减小到2381个,代价是输出摆幅减小了0.5V.在整形器中,MOS管电阻与多晶硅电阻串联,通过调节MOS管的栅压来改变阻值,以补偿工艺的偏差,在不明显降低线性度的情况下保证了时间常数能够比较精确控制.     

CMOS Microsystem Front-End for MicroTesla Resolution Magnetic Field Measurement

In this paper we discuss the conception and performances of a monolithic microsystem for magnetic field measurement built in standard 0.6 m CMOS technology. It is shown that 5.2 microTesla resolution over 1 kHz bandwidth (5 Hz to 1 kHz) can be achieved by combining a particular Hall effect based sensing device and appropriate analog conditioning electronics. The study focuses on the methods used to drive up the sensor's sensitivity and to drive down the system's noise level in order to achieve the above-mentioned resolution. A specific circuitry is proposed for biasing the sensor.     

深紫外CMOS图像传感器测试匀光系统设计

匀光系统的均匀性是实现深紫外CMOS图像传感器参数测试的关键。根据傅里叶光学理论,结合ArF准分子激光输出光斑特点,设计了复眼阵列匀光系统的初始结构,并在ZEMAX非序列模式下建立了匀光系统模型。针对ZEMAX光源中光线采样随机性的特点及匀光系统均匀性的要求,对追迹光线数目及复眼阵列中透镜元个数进行了优化。在透镜元大小为1mm、采用1亿根光线并做30次平均后,在12mm×12mm光斑范围内获得了均匀性为0.986的均匀照明光斑,满足CMOS图像传感器测试对光斑均匀性优于0.97的要求。     

Verification of a high precision CMOS sensor for angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurement of LED light in ultra-miniaturized applications

In this study a specially revised version of the concept for measuring the angle-of-arrival (AOA) of incidence light was used, which is particularly well suited for the construction of trigonometric sensor concepts with external dimensions of only a few millimeters. The aim of the study was to break down the interrelationships for the overall systemically achievable accuracies. The study therefore focused on the lowest possible power consumption of the LED light source used, minimum component dimensions and quantities, outline of the practicable minimum distances between LED light source and integrated sensor unit, robustness of the sensor against gradients and intensity changes in lighting, illumination intensity and sensor noise, as well as the requirements for the precision of the mechanical components used. It could be shown that the key limiting factor isn't the optical/electronic precision of the CMOS sensor concept used, but the finite precision of the mechanical components.     

一种CMOS智能温度传感器前端电路的设计

设计了一种CMOS智能温度传感器的前端电路,包括温度检测电路、基准电流源和自稳零放大器。通过分析垂直衬底PNP晶体管的非理想特性,提出了相应的减小温度检测误差的方法;设计了一个对电源电压和温度变化不敏感的基准电流源,为温度检测器件提供精确的偏置电流;通过自稳零放大器对检测到的微弱电压信号进行放大。整个电路基于上华0.6μm CMOS工艺实现,采用Hspice工具进行仿真。仿真结果表明,该电路检测温度范围从-55℃到125℃,检测精度在1℃以内。     

A Smart Sensor System for Carbon Monoxide Detection

This paper illustrates a smart sensor system for carbonmonoxide detection. An innovative technological approach hasbeen pursued to fabricate gas sensors on silicon substrate, compatiblewith IC fabrication. A mixed analog-digital electronic interfaceprocesses the outputs of three sensors to compensate relativehumidity and interfering gases. Sigma-delta signal processingand low-frequency noise reduction techniques are used to minimizesilicon area and to meet the required performance in a standardCMOS technology.     

环形波导谐振腔集成光学器件

介绍环形谐振腔光波导器件,包括波导材料和制作工艺,分析它在光通信和光传感领域中的应用,表明环形波导谐振腔是一种非常有应用价值的光波导器件。     

Stretchable and Temperature‐Sensitive Polymer Optical Fibers for Wearable Health Monitoring

Stretchable physical sensors that can detect and quantify human physiological signals such as temperature, are essential to the realization of healthcare devices for biomedical monitoring and human–machine interfaces. Despite recent achievements in stretchable electronic sensors using various conductive materials and structures, the design of stretchable sensors in optics remains a considerable challenge. Here, an optical strategy for the design of stretchable temperature sensors, which can maintain stable performance even under a strain deformation up to 80%, is reported. The optical temperature sensor is fabricated by the incorporation of thermal‐sensitive upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in stretchable polymer‐based optical fibers (SPOFs). The SPOFs are made from stretchable elastomers and constructed in a step‐index core/cladding structure for effective light confinements. The UCNPs, incorporated in the SPOFs, provide thermal‐sensitive upconversion emissions at dual wavelengths for ratiometric temperature sensing by near‐infrared excitation, while the SPOFs endow the sensor with skin‐like mechanical compliance and excellent light‐guiding characteristics for laser delivery and emission collection. The broad applications of the proposed sensor in real‐time monitoring of the temperature and thermal activities of the human body, providing optical alternatives for wearable health monitoring, are demonstrated.