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1.
将公用气候系统模式与区域气候模式单向嵌套(CCSM3-RegCM3),分别对1950—1999年和2000—2099年进行大气温室气体中等排放情景(A1B)下中国区域高分辨率连续数值模拟试验,以分析其对我国华东降水量时空变化的模拟能力,探讨未来华东地区极端降水的可能变化。与CRU、CMAP实际降水观测及NCEP再分析资料驱动的RegCM3模拟结果的对比显示,模式系统较好地重现了我国华东降水水平分布、日变化以及极端降水指数变化特征。在此基础上,分析了A1B情景下21世纪中期和后期降水以及东亚夏季风的可能变化。(1) 未来中国长江中下游及其以北地区降水普遍增加,以南沿海地区降水相对变化不明显甚至减少,21世纪末期相对21世纪中期更为明显;(2) 极端降水指数显示未来长江中下游及其以北地区极端降水增加10%~15%,干旱程度减弱,而南部沿海地区小范围极端降水减少,最大持续无雨期天数增加最大可达30%;(3) 未来东亚夏季风偏强,尤其是西南气流加强,致使夏季风明显北推,这是导致长江中下游及其以北地区降水显著增加的主要原因。  相似文献   

2.
The extreme summer precipitation over East China during 1982-2007 was simulated using the LASG/IAP regional climate model CREM(the Climate version of a Regional Eta-coordinate Model).The results show that the probability density functions(PDFs) of precipitation intensities are reasonably simulated,except that the PDFs of light and moderate rain are underestimated and that the PDFs of heavy rain are overestimated.The extreme precipitation amount(R95p) and the percent contribution of extreme precipitation to the total precipitation(R95pt) are also reasonably reproduced by the CREM.However,the R95p and R95pt over most of East China are generally overestimated,while the R95p along the coastal area of South China(SC) is underestimated.The bias of R95pt is consistent with the bias of precipitation intensity on wet days(SDII).The interannual variation for R95p anomalies(PC1) is well simulated,but that of R95pt anomalies(PC2) is poorly simulated.The skill of the model in simulating PC1(PC2) increases(decreases) from north to south.The bias of water vapor transport associated with the 95th percentile of summer daily precipitation(WVTr95) explains well the bias of the simulated extreme precipitation.  相似文献   

3.
华北地区极端降水变化特征及多模式模拟评估   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
利用1961—2010年华北地区68个台站逐日降水数据计算了6个极端降水指数,对华北极端降水的时空变化特征进行了分析。进一步评估了CMIP5的31个全球气候模式对华北地区极端降水的模拟效果。结果表明:1华北地区极端降水指数具有较大地区性差异,平均日降水强度、极端降水阈值等指标东南高西北低,大雨日数和连续干日东西分布差异明显。6个极端降水指标的年际变化显示华北地区强降水事件增多的同时,极端干旱程度加剧。2CMIP5模式对华北地区极端降水指数的模拟差异较大,其中对平均日降水强度和极端降水阈值空间分布模拟能力较好,有1/3模式的空间相关系数超过了0.6。同一模式对不同指数的模拟能力也存在较大的差异。3模式模拟相关系数和均方根误差有较好的一致性,根据这两个指标分别得到两组模式排序,其相关系数超过了0.4。HadGEM2-CC,HadGEM2-ES,MIROC4h,MIROC5以及CCSM4是模拟华北地区极端指数最好的5个全球模式。相比于多模式集合平均,优选模式集合能够显著降低模拟的湿偏差。  相似文献   

4.
In his comments, Wang cites a number of works to dispute the conclusion in our previous work, which attributes the observed decreases/increases in light/heavy precipitation in eastern China primarily to global warming rather than the regional aerosol effect. However, most of the cited works (admittedly, including our previous work), employ correlation analysis, which has little bearing on the cause-effect relationship. Theoretical analyses and/or modeling studies are needed to ascertain the cause-effect relationship. We argue that theoretical analyses and modeling results show that global warming is the primary cause of the widely observed phenomena of suppression of light precipitation and enhancement of heavy precipitation across the globe, including in eastern China.  相似文献   

5.
Yuan Wang 《大气科学进展》2015,32(10):1444-1446
The recent study "Trends of Extreme Precipitation in Eastern China and Their Possible Causes" attributed the observed decrease/increase of light/heavy precipitation in eastern China to global warming rather than the regional aerosol effects. However, there exist compelling evidence from previous long-term observations and numerical modeling studies, suggesting that anthropogenic pollution is closely linked to the recent changes in precipitation intensity because of considerably modulated cloud physical properties by aerosols in eastern China. Clearly, a quantitative assessment of the aerosol and greenhouse effects on the regional scale is required to identify the primary cause for the extreme precipitation changes.  相似文献   

6.
薛媛  薛晓萍 《山东气象》2022,42(1):61-73
全球气候变暖已是不争的事实,其导致的极端气候事件增多、增强已成为全球性趋势。近年来全球多个区域存在旱涝并存、旱涝频发的趋势。研究表明,长期旱涝频发的主要原因是全球气温升高致使水循环在时间尺度上产生更强的非均匀性以及人为排放气溶胶粒子增多,短期旱涝急转的主要原因是大气环流形势、暖湿气流输送异常的耦合作用。现阶段对于极端降水和干旱事件同步频发的观测、诊断和模拟较少,不同气候地理条件下两者之间的关系及引起区域降水强度变化的关键性因子等方面亟需深入研究。  相似文献   

7.
我国东部夏季极端降水与北太平洋海温的遥相关研究   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12  
采用1951—1998年我国东部(105°E以东)59个站点夏季大雨及以上降水量资料与北太平洋海温场资料,借助于SVD分析方法,逐季分析我国东部极端降水与北太平洋海温及南方涛动指数的遥相关,进而检测影响我国东部地区极端降水空间分布的海温关键区和南方涛动及其显著季节(月份)。结果表明,我国东部夏季极端降水与同期太平洋SST的遥相关主要在太平洋130~170°E,5~25°N之间海域;Ni-no区域SST与次年夏季极端降水的相关主要表现在与华东地区的正相关;黑潮海域及加利福尼亚海流区春季SST与我国东部夏季极端降水呈明显的负相关;冬季太平洋SST与我国东部夏季极端降水的遥相关主要表现在,赤道东太平洋、黑潮海域的冬季海温与华东地区、河套地区降水的正相关;我国东部夏季极端降水与前一年秋季Nino区海温为负相关,与西太平洋海温为正相关。  相似文献   

8.
  总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
Projected changes in precipitation characteristics around the mid-21st century and end-of-the-century are analyzed using the daily precipitation output of the 3-member ensemble Meteorological Research Institute global ocean-atmosphere coupled general circulation model (MRI-CGCM2) simulations under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 and B2 scenarios. It is found that both the frequency and intensity increase in about 40% of the globe, while both the frequency and intensity decrease in about 20% of the globe. These numbers differ only a few percent from decade to decade of the 21st century and between the A2 and B2 scenarios. Over the rest of the globe (about one third), the precipitation frequency decreases but its intensity increases, suggesting a shift of precipitation distribution toward more intense events by global warming. South China is such a region where the summertime wet-day frequency decreases but the precipitation intensity increases. This is related to increased atmospheric moisture content due to global warming and an intensified and more westwardly extended North Pacific subtropical anticyclone, which may be related with an E1 Nin^-o-like mean sea surface temperature change. On the other hand, a decrease in summer precipitation is noted in North China, thus augmenting a south-to-north precipitation contrast more in the future.  相似文献   

9.
全球变暖背景下我国极端小时降水和极端日降水(EXHP、EXDP)气候态及变化趋势的区域差异明显,其中热带气旋(TC)的影响尚不明确。利用1975─2018年暖季台站小时降水(P)和热带气旋最佳路径等资料,采用百分位法定义极端小时降水与极端日降水,并将总降水(All)客观分为热带气旋降水与非热带气旋(nonTC)降水,分析热带气旋对中国东部All-P、All-EXHP、All-EXDP的气候态和变化趋势以及极端小时降水随温度变化的影响。主要结论如下:(1) TC-P、TC-EXDP、TC-EXHP占其对应总降水之比均从东南和华南沿海向西北内陆递减,区域平均而言,TC-P占All-P之比与TC-EXHP占All-EXHP之比均约为11%,而TC-EXDP占AllEXDP之比为15.8%;(2)热带气旋和非热带气旋降水变化趋势的空间分布差别较大,热带气旋对长江流域东部总降水增多的贡献高达49%,并一定程度上改变了降水趋势的空间分布;(3) TC-EXHP强度与温度的关系在约21℃发生改变,且截然不同于nonTC-EXHP,华南、东南沿海TC-EXHP强度随温度的变化率明显低于nonTCEXH...  相似文献   

10.
  总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
Based on daily precipitation and monthly temperature data in southern China, the winterextreme precipitation changes in southern China have been investigated by using the Mann-Kendall testand the return values of Generalized Pareto Distribution. The results show that a winter climatecatastrophe in southern China occurred around 1991, and the intensity of winter extreme precipitation wasstrengthened after climate warming. The anomalous circulation characteristics before and after the climatewarming was further analyzed by using the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/NationalCenter for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data. It is found that the tropical winter monsoon over EastAsia is negatively correlated with the precipitation in southeastern China. After climate warming themeridionality of the circulations in middle and high latitudes increases, which is favorable for thesouthward movement of the cold air from the north. In addition, the increase of the temperature oversouthern China may lead to the decrease of the differential heating between the continent and the ocean.Consequently, the tropical winter monsoon over East Asia is weakened, which is favorable for the transportof the warm and humid air to southeastern China and the formation of the anomalous convergence of themoisture flux, resulting in large precipitation over southeastern China. As a result, the interaction betweenthe anomalous circulations in the middle and high latitudes and lower latitudes after the climate warmingplays a major role in the increase of the winter precipitation intensity over southeastern China.  相似文献   

11.
In order to study the spatial structure and dynamical mechanism of extreme precipitation in East Asia, a corresponding climate network is constructed by employing the method of event synchronization. It is found that the area of East Asian summer extreme precipitation can be separated into two regions: one with high area-weighted connectivity receiving heavy precipitation mostly during the active phase of the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM),and another one with low area-weighted connectivity receiving heavy precipitation during both the active and the retreating phase of the EASM. Besides, a new way for the prediction of extreme precipitation is also developed by constructing a directed climate networks. The simulation accuracy in East Asia is 58% with a 0-day lead, and the prediction accuracy is 21% and average 12% with a 1-day and an n-day(2≤n≤10) lead, respectively. Compared to the normal EASM year, the prediction accuracy is low in weak years and high in strong years, which is relevant to the differences of correlations and extreme precipitation rates in different EASM situations. Recognizing and indentifying these effects is good for understanding and predicting extreme precipitation in East Asia.  相似文献   

12.
    
Global warming is expected to affect both the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, though projections of the response of these events to climate warming remain highly uncertain. The range of changes reported in the climate modelling literature is very large, sometimes leading to contradictory results for a given extreme weather event. Much of this uncertainty stems from the incomplete understanding of the physics of extreme weather processes, the lack of representation of mesoscale processes in coarse-resolution climate models, and the effect of natural climate variability at multi-decadal time scales. However, some of the spread in results originates simply from the variety of scenarios for future climate change used to drive climate model simulations, which hampers the ability to make generalizations about predicted changes in extreme weather events. In this study, we present a meta-analysis of the literature on projected future extreme weather events in order to quantify expected changes in weather extremes as a function of a common metric of global mean temperature increases. We find that many extreme weather events are likely to be significantly affected by global warming. In particular, our analysis indicates that the overall frequency of global tropical cyclones could decrease with global warming but that the intensity of these storms, as well as the frequency of the most intense cyclones could increase, particularly in the northwestern Pacific basin. We also found increases in the intensity of South Asian monsoonal rainfall, the frequency of global heavy precipitation events, the number of North American severe thunderstorm days, North American drought conditions, and European heatwaves, with rising global mean temperatures. In addition, the periodicity of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation may decrease, which could, in itself, influence extreme weather frequency in many areas of the climate system.  相似文献   

13.
黑龙江省气候变暖对极端天气气候事件的影响   总被引:38,自引:2,他引:38       下载免费PDF全文
周秀杰  张桂华  郑红  潘华盛 《气象》2004,30(11):47-50
黑龙江省1980年以来气候变暖已成为事实,气候变暖导致天气气候极端事件的发生,主要表现在:①大雨暴雨次数增加;②30℃以上极端最高气温平均日数下降;③-30℃以下极端最低气温平均日数明显减少;④初霜日平均后延2~5天;⑤终霜日,北部中部提前3~5天而南部延长;⑥夏季低温次数明显减少,北部减少多于南部;⑦大旱年次数增多,大涝次数北少南多,西南部地区为旱涝敏感区。  相似文献   

14.
我国南方冬季气候变暖前后极端降水事件分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
利用我国南方逐日降水资料及逐月温度资料,采用Mann-Kendall突变检验方法,并计算极端降水的GPD(Generalized Pareto Distribution)重现值,讨论了气候变暖前后我国南方冬季极端降水事件的变化。结果表明,我国南方冬季气候变暖的突变发生在1991年前后,且气候变暖后我国南方冬季的极端降水强度普遍有所增加。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料进一步分析气候变暖前后的环流场特征,发现东亚热带冬季风异常与我国华南、江南地区降水异常有显著的相关关系。东亚热带冬季风偏强(弱),华南、江南地区降水偏少(多)。气候变暖后中高纬度环流经向度加大,有利于北方的冷空气向南输送。此外,气候变暖后我国南方地面气温升高,海陆热力差异减小,东亚热带冬季风减弱,有利于西太平洋的暖湿气流向我国大陆东南部输送,并在东南部形成异常的水汽通量辐合,有利于形成强降水。气候变暖后,中高纬度与中低纬度异常环流系统的相互作用是我国东南部降水强度增加的主要原因。  相似文献   

15.
基于18个CMIP5模式在RCP情景下的模拟结果,综合分析了全球升温1.5~4℃阈值下亚洲地区平均温度和降水以及极端温度和降水的变化,并着重对比了1.5℃与2℃升温阈值下的异同。结果表明:相比工业化前,在全球升温1.5℃、2℃、3℃和4℃阈值下,亚洲区域平均温度将分别升高2.3℃、3.0℃、4.6℃和6.0℃,高纬度地区的响应大于中低纬地区;降水分别增加4.4%、5.8%、10.2%和13.0%,存在明显的区域差异。极热天气将增加,极冷天气将减少;极端降水量的变率将会加大。与2℃升温阈值相比:1.5℃阈值下亚洲平均温度的上升幅度将降低0.5~1.0℃以上,大部分地区的降水增幅减少5%~20%,但西亚和南亚西部的降水则偏多10%~15%;极端高温的增温幅度在亚洲地区均匀下降,而极端低温的增温幅度在亚洲中高纬地区降低显著;亚洲大部分地区极端降水的增加幅度减弱,但在西亚会增强。全球升温1.5℃和2℃时,亚洲发生非常热天气的概率相比基准期(1861-1900年)均将增加1倍以上,发生极热天气的概率普遍增加10%;发生极端强降水的概率增加10%。  相似文献   

16.
在中国科学院大气物理研究所 (IAP)第一代大气环流模式 (AGCM1 2 )的基础上 ,将其水平分辨率从原先的 4°×5°分别提高到 2°× 2 5°和 1°×1 2 5°,得到更新版本的IAPAGCM1 3a (水平分辨率为 2°× 2 5°)和IAPAGCM1 3b (水平分辨率为 1°× 1 2 5°)。利用上述水平分辨率提高后的模式进行了长时间积分 ,分析模式模拟结果可知 :水平分辨率的提高确实可以在一定程度上改进气候模式对当代气候的模拟能力 ,特别是对地形雨以及东亚夏季风降水细致分布的模拟。从而为进一步改进IAP跨季度数值气候预测系统 ,提高短期气候预测能力提供了模式基础。  相似文献   

17.
随着全球变暖,极端天气气候事件增强,天气气候灾害造成的损失也愈发严重。当前气候预测的准确性远远不能满足社会需要,气候系统预测理论和方法面临着众多挑战性问题。为提档气候预测科学水平和准确率,由南京信息工程大学和中山大学承担的“气候系统预测研究中心”获得国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目支持(2021年1月—2025年12月)。在该项目执行的前三年,项目团队开展了大量深入系统的研究,并取得了若干重要进展:1)揭示了气候系统的若干关键变化、驱动力和机制;2)剖析了海-陆-冰-气相互作用对我国重大极端气候事件的影响;3)在气候系统数值模式研发和预测系统集成方面取得重要进展;4)发展了延伸期-S2S-年代际的气候系统预测理论和方法。本文对这些进展作了扼要介绍,并针对气候与环境变化归因、古今气候环境研究融合、跨时空气候系统变异和极端气候、人工智能与气候科学、年代际预测和风险应对体系等关键科学问题做了展望。  相似文献   

18.
In this study, the authors demonstrate that the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models project a robust response in changes of mean and climate extremes to warming in China. Under a scenario of a 1% CO2 increase per year, surface temperature in China is projected to increase more rapidly than the global average, and the model ensemble projects more precipitation (2.2%/℃). Responses in changes of climate extremes are generally much stronger than that of climate means. The majority of models project a consistent re- sponse, with more warm events but fewer cold events in China due to CO2 warming. For example, the ensemble mean indicates a high positive sensitivity for increasing summer days (12.4%/℃) and tropical nights (26.0%/℃), but a negative sensitivity for decreasing frost days (-4.7%/℃) and ice days (-7.0%/℃). Further analyses indicate that precipitation in China is likely to become more extreme, featuring a high positive sensitivity. The sensitivity is high (2.4%/℃) for heavy precipitation days (〉 10 mm d l) and increases dramatically (5.3%/℃) for very heavy precipitation days (〉 20 mm d-1), as well as for precipitation amounts on very wet days (10.8%/℃) and extremely wet days (22.0%/℃). Thus, it is concluded that the more extreme precipitation events generally show higher sensitivity to CO2 warming. Additionally, southern China is projected to experience an increased risk of drought and flood occurrence, while an increased risk of flood but a decreased risk of drought is likely in other regions of China.  相似文献   

19.
利用24个CMIP6全球气候模式的逐日降水模拟资料,基于广义极值分布(GEV)模型,研究了全球增暖1.5/2℃下我国20、50和100 a重现期极端降水的未来风险变化。可以发现,相对于历史时期(1995—2014年),全球升温1.5和2℃下极端降水发生概率风险空间分布相近,总体上呈现增加趋势,但额外增暖0.5℃将导致更高的风险。如50 a重现期极端降水,在增暖1.5/2℃下其重现期将分别变为17/14 a,极端降水将变得更加频繁。不同区域对气候变暖的响应存在区域差异,其中中国西部长江黄河中上游和青藏高原地区、中国东部长江黄河中下游及其以南地区,极端降水发生概率比达到3以上,局部更是达到5以上,为我国极端降水气候变化响应高敏感区域。进一步,基于概率分布函数从理论角度探讨了位置和尺度参数对发生概率风险的影响与贡献度量,并用于探讨极端降水气候平均态和变率变化对极端降水发生风险的影响,结果显示:位置和尺度参数的增量变化、风险变化率存在着显著的东西部差异,从而导致极端降水发生风险的影响因素存在差异。如中国西部尽管极端降水气候平均态和变率变化幅度不大,但因风险变化率较高,从而导致该区域的发生风险大...  相似文献   

20.
    
2021年7月17-21日,中国河南省发生了一次破纪录的大范围极端降水事件,7月20日郑州气象观测站观测到的24 h(1 h)降水量为624 mm(201.9 mm)。然而,所有全球业务预报模型都未能预测这次事件的强度和最大降水发生的精确位置。这场突如其来的极端降水事件造成了398人死亡和1200.6亿元人民币的经济损失,造成了极大的社会影响,并引起了全球社会各界的广泛关注。本文从观测、再分析、动力学和可预测性角度对相关研究进行了综述,并探讨了气候变暖和城市化对此次事件的影响。全球再分析资料ERA5显示异常偏北偏强的副热带高压和其南侧的烟花台风(2021)之间有一支东风低空急流,该急流和西南季风一起为河南地区提供丰富的水汽。高时空分辨率[2 km (6 min)-1] 的中尺度再分析资料展现了三个中尺度系统(中尺度低压涡旋、地形阻挡急流和下坡重力流)协同作用,分别从西南、东北和正北方向加强了郑州市的局地低层辐合。此外,雷达和雨滴谱等观测分析表明,7月20日当天上午触发的三个孤立对流在辐合气流环境下,相继合并,造成局地上升运动并在当日下午15时迅速加强,导致霰等冰相粒子浓度的显著增加,造成了201.9 mm的破纪录小时降水事件。尽管这些发现有助于我们理解这次极端降雨事件的发生过程,但初步分析表明,复杂的多尺度动力过程导致这次事件的实际可预报性极低。气候变暖会使此次极端降水事件的强度增强,然而城市化会降低此次降水事件的强度。我们认为在未来类似高影响天气研究和应对中,需要实现数据无条件共享和更加紧密的跨学科合作。  相似文献   

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