具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Single carrier frequency domain equalization and diversity combining for cooperative systems

A low-complexity single carrier frequency-domain equalizer(SC/FDE)and diversity combiningmethod for cooperative systems with demodulate-and-forward relaying over frequency-selective channels isproposed.At the relay nodes,linear SC/FDE is adopted and normalized correlation coefficient is intro-duced to derive an equivalent source-to-relay-destination(S-R-D)channel that is highlighted in thisstudy.At the destination,a joint SC/FDE and diversity combining receiver is proposed by utilizing the e-quivalent S...     

合理反馈机制下保证混合业务QoS的调度算法

针对正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM)系统多用户中继场景中混合业务对时延的不同需求,提出一种基于合理反馈机制下的降低时延、保证混合业务服务质量的调度算法(mixed services with feedback scheduling , MSFS)。MSFS算法针对用户实时业务及非实时业务的不同需求分别采用不同的调度准则及反馈方式,以达到优化系统性能的目的。针对实时业务,增大其调度优先级以减少等待时延,并在其等待时延接近时延门限时,使其调度优先级迅速增加,以避免丢包;针对非实时业务,加入时延公平因子,使得该类用户业务在时延公平性方面得到改善,同时设置适当的反馈门限,在不影响业务服务质量需求的同时达到降低系统反馈量的目的。仿真结果表明,该算法在保证系统吞吐量和用户公平性的同时,不仅能够有效降低实时用户的时延,而且能够较大程度地减少系统反馈量。     

MIMO-OFDM双向多中继选择的网络资源优化

为加强多输入多输出-正交频分复用(multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,MIMO-OFDM)双向中继系统的频域和空间复用增益,研究放大转发(amplify-forward,AF)协议下的中继系统模式,提出一种双向信道的预编码矩阵,能够将复杂的双向MIMO-OFDM信道划分为多个独立的物理层网络编码(physical network coding,PNC)子信道.在此基础上,将系统扩展至多中继,并提出在已有的频域子载波和空间子信道的最佳配对方案下,以最大化用户接收信号信噪比为准则,为每组配对方案分配合适的中继来改善中继网络的性能.通过联合优化的中继选择策略,单节点功率约束条件以及拉格朗日对偶方法,获取优化的系统资源分配方案.仿真结果证明,所提算法较一般功率分配方法带来的性能增益随着中继的增加,增益幅度随之增加.     

D2D辅助NB-IoT系统的传输设备数优化算法

针对窄带物联网(narrowband internet of things,NB-IoT)中,处于蜂窝边缘覆盖薄弱区域的用户设备(user e-quipment,UE)到基站的直接链路质量可能并不满足数据传输的服务质量(quality of service,QoS)要求,提出一种设备到设备(device-to-device,D2D)通信辅助NB-IoT UE数据上传的方案.该方案采用D2D通信作为NB-IoT系统的路由扩展.当候选中继UEs工作在D2D通信模式以节省能量时,边缘UEs根据它们的中继时间表选择一组D2D中继设备,用于上行链路数据的传输.此外,对于NB-IoT系统传输设备数不足的问题,进一步提出基于动态规划的优化算法,实现了最佳的单位能量提供的传输设备数(transmission device number provides by unit energy,NUE).仿真结果表明,与直接传输、单中继和多中继等其他算法相比,所提的maxNUE算法在不同的UE/中继发射功率和中继占空比下均获得了最大的NUE.     

蜂窝网络中设备间中继的功率分配

在蜂窝网络中,部署了一个设备间(D2D)双向中继网络.每个D2D双向中继节点配备有两根收发天线,分别同时与基站和D2D接收端进行通信.在假设D2D双向中继采用放大转发模式条件下,提出了优化D2D双向中继网络的功率分配方案.仿真结果显示:所提方案的D2D双向中继网络的吞吐量在理想信道下,较随机功率分配和传统通信方式分别提升7%和12%.     

中继下基于特征子矩阵的干扰对齐优化算法

针对MIMO双向中继网络系统中,由于用户对间的数据流具有非对称性,通过研究用户对与中继之间的天线分配关系,提出了一种基于特征子矩阵的干扰对齐优化算法及可行性方案.该算法首先利用特征子矩阵准则,为每个用户设计干扰对齐预编码优化方案,然后基于分布式迭代算法逐一推导出最优的干扰抑制矩阵,以达到在目的用户端消除其他用户干扰的效果.通过仿真结果表明,与传统中继迫零方法相比较,优化算法对系统传输速率有了显著的改善.     

一种中继辅助下SISO系统的干扰对齐算法

通过研究含中继的单输入单输出（single input single output,SISO）对称无线干扰网络,分析了在SISO对称网络中进行干扰对齐（interference alignment,IA）时使用中继的必要性。综合考虑所有用户的最大弦距离给出了优化的分布式干扰对齐算法。基于此优化算法并使用中继,只需要进行2个时隙的信道扩展就可对SISO干扰网络实现干扰对齐,使每个用户对达到1/2的自由度。仿真结果表明,在增加中继并应用优化算法后,系统的容量、能量效率都有了显著的改善。     

基于中继选择的协作频谱感知算法

针对最佳中继选择协作频谱感知方案检测概率低、而所有中继节点均参与协作频谱感知复杂度高的问题,提出一种中继选择协作感知算法.该算法根据N条中继链路等效信噪比的大小,从中选择出L个信噪比大的优质中继用户转发主用户信息.导出了该算法在瑞利平坦衰落下的频谱检测概率上限闭合表达式,为频谱检测性能分析提供了理论依据.数值分析结果表明：只需60%左右的优质链路参加中继就可以达到理想的性能,大大降低了系统实现的复杂性.     

基于干扰感知的双路径译码转发中继选择算法

双路径中继协议(two-path relaying,TPR)可以很大程度改善由于中继半双工产生的频谱效率损失,然而双路径中继协议的中继节点间干扰会严重影响系统传输速率,为此本文针对译码转发双路径中继协议,提出了一种启发性中继选择算法以最大化系统的传输速率性能.不同于现有的中继选择算法,该算法考虑了中继间干扰,其设计原则不仅基于当前时隙信道状态,还取决于被选中中继节点的上一时隙的信道状态.仿真结果证明启发式中继选择(heuristil relay selection,HRS)算法能够克服中继间干扰问题,以较低复杂度改善系统平均传输速率.     

非完美CSI下大规模MIMO DF中继多用户对全双工通信系统性能研究

通过解码转发（DF）协议中继,研究了在非完美信道状态信息（CSI）下,多用户对双向全双工通信系统的性能.通过配备大量天线,可以大大增加通信系统的频谱效率（SE）.对到达中继端的信号采用迫零（ZF）线性接收处理并预编码,推导了SE的近似表达式,提出了与天线数量相关的功率缩放定律,讨论了在导频功率固定和变化条件下缩放因子的取值.所提的功率缩放定律可以在保持稳定的频谱效率的同时,将发射功率降低.研究了在非完美信道状态信息下,经过解码转发协议中继的多用户对双向全双工通信系统的性能.