γ射线诱导的肝癌细胞DNA双链断裂

为了揭示辐射生物学效应的机理,用倒转脉冲场凝胶电泳（ＰＩＧＥ）研究了γ射线辐照肝癌ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞诱导的ＤＮＡ双链断裂（ＤＳＢ）及其修复２４、４８ｈ后的产额和片段的分布情况。结果表明：修复０ｈ和２４ｈ的样品,ＤＮＡ片段释放百分比（ＰＲ）随着剂量的增加而增加;诱导的ＤＳＢ片段主要是１Ｍｂｐ－２Ｍｂｐ的大片段;ＤＳＢ产额分别为０．３８ＤＳＢｓ／１００Ｍｂｐ．Ｇｙ和０．０６ＤＳＢｓ／１００Ｍｂｐ．     

低剂量辐射诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的 …

应用流式细胞术观察７５ｍＧｙ Ｘ射线诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的适应性反应。结果表明，１．５或２．０Ｇｙ全身照射后，小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡小体（ＴＡＢ）百分数明显增加，Ｓ期ＴＡＢ百分数明显减少，而Ｇ０／Ｇ１和Ｇ２＋Ｍ期ＴＡＢ百分数明显增加；当１．５或２．０Ｇｙ（攻击剂量，Ｄ２）照射前６ｈ给予７５ｍＧｙ（诱导剂量，Ｄ１）照射时，明显减轻Ｄ２对胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的损伤作用。提示，低剂量辐射可     

小剂量单次全身照射诱导小鼠免疫适应性反应的剂量与时间研究

采用Ｘ射线单次全身照射，观察诱导小鼠免疫适应性反应的预照射剂量（Ｄ１剂量）范围，损伤性剂量（Ｄ２剂量）范围，及Ｄ１与Ｄ２最佳间隔时间。实验证实，当Ｄ２为１．５Ｇｙ时，０．０２５～０．１Ｇｙ（剂量率０．０１２５Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ）可诱导胸腺细胞自发增殖及脾细胞对ＬＰＳ的适应性反应。当Ｄ１为０．０７５Ｇｙ时，Ｄ２在１．０～１．５Ｇｙ（剂量率０．３３Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ）范围内，胸腺细胞自发增殖及脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ、ＬＰＳ反应的适应性反应存在。当Ｄ１为０．０７５Ｇｙ，Ｄ２为１．５Ｇｙ时，诱导适应性反应的Ｄ１与Ｄ２最佳时间为６～１２ｈ。     

低剂量辐射诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的适应性反应

应用流式细胞术观察７５ｍＧｙＸ射线诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的适应性反应。结果表明，１．５或２．０Ｇｙ全身照射后，小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡小体（ＴＡＢ）百分数明显增加，Ｓ期ＴＡＢ百分数明显减少，而Ｇ０／Ｇ１和Ｇ２＋Ｍ期ＴＡＢ百分数明显增加；当１．５或２．０Ｇｙ（攻击剂量，Ｄ２）照射前６ｈ给予７５ｍＧｙ（诱导剂量，Ｄ１）照射时，明显减轻Ｄ２对胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的损伤作用。提示，低剂量辐射可诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的适应性反应。     

小剂量单次全射照射诱导小鼠免疫适应性反应的剂量与…

采用Ｘ射线单次全射照射，观察诱导小鼠免疫适应性反应的预照射剂量（Ｄ１剂量）范围，损伤性剂量（Ｄ２剂量）范围，及Ｄ１与Ｄ２最佳间隔时间。实验证实，当Ｄ２为１．５Ｇｙ时，０．０２５－０．１Ｇｙ（剂量率０．０９１２５Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ）可诱导胸腺细胞自发增殖及脾细胞对ＬＰＳ的适应性反应。当Ｄ１为０．０７５Ｇｙ时，Ｄ２在１．０－１．５Ｇｙ（剂量率０．３３Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ）范围内，胸腺细胞自发增殖及脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ、     

肿瘤内注射^90Y—GTMS治疗肝癌的实验研究：剂量与疗效的关系

荷瘤小鼠瘤内直接注射＾９０Ｙ－ＧＴＭＳ治疗实验性肝癌，以确定注射剂量与疗效的关系。在６个剂量（１．８７、３．７５、５．８２、７．９、９．３７、１８．５ＭＢｑ／ｃｍ＾３）组中，当注射的放射性浓度达到７．５ＭＢｑ／ｃｍ＾３时，肿瘤周边剂量为１０６．６Ｇｙ，整个肿瘤所受累积剂量为１３６．７Ｇｙ，此时肿瘤坏死大于５０％，肿瘤呈负生长；低于该剂量，肿瘤呈正生长。研究表明，肿瘤内直接注射＾９０Ｙ－ＧＴＭＳ，疗     

高能（MeV级）氧离子注入本征型GaAs的电性能及注入损伤退火行为的研究

在本征型ＧａＡｓ中注入２．０ＭｅＶ（剂量１．０×１０＾１５／ｃｍ＾２）＋２．９ＭｅＶ（剂量１．１×１０＾１５／ｃｍ＾２）的＾１６Ｏ，使氧在约１．５－２．５μｍ之间形成均匀分布。注入样品分别经４００－８００℃、１５ｍｉｎ热退火后的电阻率测量表明，经５００℃和６００℃退火后的样品具有高的电阻率（～１０＾８Ω·ｃｍ）；而当退火温度进一步升高时，其电阻率逐渐下降，并具有ｐ型导电行为。沟道ＲＢＳ分析表明，当     

双嘧达莫和腺苷-磷酸对照射小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究了预先给予双嘧达莫（ＤＰ）和腺苷－磷酸（ＡＭＰ）对不同剂量Ｘ射线照射小鼠免疫功能的影响。采用ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ纯系小鼠给予一次性不同剂量（０、１、２、４Ｇｙ）Ｘ射线照射。照射前给予ＤＰ２ｍｇ和ＡＭＰ５ｍｇ,检测胸腺细胞自发增殖反应能力和脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ的增殖反应能力的变化。结果表明：单纯给予ＤＰ＋ＡＭＰ组胸腺自发增殖反应能力和脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ的增殖反应能力较对照组明显下降,但１Ｇｙ和２ＧｙＸ射线照射前预先给予ＤＰ和ＡＭＰ能显著增强小鼠胸腺自发增殖反应能力和脾淋巴细胞对ＣｏｎＡ诱导的增殖反应能力。     

DHDECMP-TBP-煤油协同萃取Am(Ⅲ)和Gd(Ⅲ)机理的研究

研究了ＴＢＰ－煤油,ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ－煤油,ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ－ＴＢＰ－煤油从０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＨＯ３－５．０ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＮＯ３,介质中萃取Ａｍ＾３＋,Ｇｄ＾３＋的机理,其萃合物分别为;Ａｍ（ＮＯ３）３．３ＴＢＰ,Ｇｄ（ＮＯ３）３．３ＴＢＰ,Ａｍ（ＮＯ３）３．３ＣＭＰ,Ｇｄ（ＮＯ３）３,３ＣＭＰ,Ａｍ９ＮＯ３０３．３ＣＭＰ．ＴＢＰ和Ｇｄ（ＮＯ３）３．２ＣＭＰ．ＴＢＰ,并测得了各反应的平衡常数Ｋ和热     

一种高热稳定性的热释光材料MgSO4：Dy，Mn

ＭｇＳＯ４：Ｄｙ,Ｍｎ的热释光发光曲线只有一个主剂量峰,采用热释光一般级动力学方程拟合发光曲线,确定热释光主剂量峰的峰参数和陷阱参数值,测定在０．１－２０ｋＧｙ剂量范围内用不同剂理＾６０Ｃｏγ射线照射ＭｇＳＯ４：Ｄｙ,Ｍｎ样品的热释光发光曲线,确定出热释光主剂量峰的平均峰温为－３８３．１℃,平均激活能为－１．９７２ｅＶ,频率因子的平均值为－４．２９４×１０＾１４ｓ＾－１及动力不级数≈２,并得到Ｍｇ     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.